The NHS-Biotinylation Kit is designed for efficiency and reliability, delivering ready-to-use labeled antibody in just 60 minutes, with minimal hands-on time. The kit include all necessary reagents for antibody labeling, including Biotin-NHS, buffer, and purification columns. The Biotin-NHS provided in the kit is suitable for labeling antibodies, proteins, and other molecules that have primary amines. NHS-activated biotins react efficiently with primary amino groups (-NH2) in pH 7-9 buffers to form stable amide bonds (Fig 1). Spin columns included in the kit are used for purifying the biotinylated antibody from excess biotin reagent with yields of 70–95%. The kit contains sufficient reagents for 10 biotinylation reactions of 100 μg of antibody. The biotinylated antibody can be detected in ELISA, Western Blot, IF/ICC or Flow Cytometry application using avidin or streptavidin probes. Aladdin offers a series of high-performance streptavidin conjugates designed for detecting the performance of biotinylated antibodies.
Fig. 1 Micro NHS-Biotinylation Kit (M1510183) Labeling Principle Schematic
Features of Biotin-NHS:
• Protein labeling—biotinylate antibodies to facilitate immobilization, purification or detection using streptavidin resins or probes
• Cell surface labeling—biotinylates only surface proteins of whole cells because the negatively charged reagent does not permeate cell membranes
• Amine-reactive—reacts with primary amines (-NH2), such as lysine side-chains or the amino-termini of polypeptides
• Irreversible—forms permanent amide bonds; spacer arm cannot be cleaved
• Very short—spacer arm (total length added to target) is 13.5 angstroms; it consists of the native biotin valeric acid group only.
Required materials not supplied
1. Microcentrifuge capable of 1000 × g.
2. Desired antibody for labeling (free of BSA or any carrier protein).
3. PBS buffer (pH 7.2-7.4).
Important
1. The purified antibody should be in a buffer that does not contain primary amines (for example, ammonium ions, Tris, glycine, ethanolamine, triethylamine, glutathione) or imidazole. All of these substances significantly inhibit protein labeling.
2. Impure antibodies or antibodies stabilized with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or gelatin will not be labeled well.
3. The optimal antibody concentration is 1-2 mg/mL. At concentrations below 1 mg/mL, labeling efficiency may decrease; at concentrations above this range, the volume of antibody becomes too small, which hinders purification and recovery.
4. Do not reuse the purification resin.
5. Before formal experimentation, the reagents must be returned to room temperature and centrifuged before use. Both lower temperatures and reagent residue on the centrifuge tube walls may impair conjugation efficiency.
6. During operation, always wear a lab coat, disposable gloves, and protective equipment.
7. All products are for research use only.
Instruction for use
1. Prepare the reagents
1.1 Prepare a 1 M sodium bicarbonate solution—Prepare an appropriate amount of 1M NaHCO₃ solution based on the sample volume. For example, weigh 42mg of NaHCO₃ and add 0.5mL of ultrapure water to obtain a 1M NaHCO₃ solution. NaHCO₃ can maintain the pH of the labeling reaction system between 7-9, thereby improving labeling efficiency. Note: The NaHCO₃ solution must be prepared fresh before each use.
2. Label the antibody
2.1 If the antibody to be labeled has a concentration of ≥1 mg/mL and is in an appropriate buffer, dilute it to 1 mg/mL, and add a 10% volume of 1 M sodium bicarbonate buffer. If the antibody is a powder lyophilized from an appropriate buffer, prepare a 1 mg/mL solution of the antibody by adding an appropriate amount of 0.1 M sodium bicarbonate buffer to the antibody. Prepare 0.1 M sodium bicarbonate buffer by diluting the 1 M solution 10-fold with ultrapure water.
2.2 Biotin-NHS Preparation: Add 2 μL of DMSO to the Biotin-NHS reagent tube and vortex to ensure the biotin is completely dissolved.
Note: To visually ensure that the dye has fully dissolved, peel the label off the vial of biotin reagent.
2.3 Add the prepared 100 μL of the antibody solution to the vial of biotin reagent. Cap the vial and gently invert it a few times to fully dissolve the biotin reagent.
2.4 Incubate the solution for 60 minutes at room temperature. The reaction can be carried out on a shaker or mixer, recommended speed for flipping up and down is 25 rpm. If a mixing instrument is not used during the reaction process, the reaction solution should be mixed upside down every 10 minutes.
Note: During the incubation period, proceed to steps 3 below, to prepare a spin column for the purification of the labeled protein.
3. Prepare the spin column
3.1 Loosen the cap on a spin column, twist the tab off of the bottom, then place the column into a collection tube. Centrifuge the column‑tube assembly at 1000 × g for 2 minutes to remove the storage solution. Discard the flowthrough, then place the column back into the collection tube.
Note: When using a fixed-angle rotor, place a mark on the side of the column that faces away from the rotor center. For all subsequent centrifugation steps, place the column in the microcentrifuge with the mark facing away from the rotor center.
3.2 Add 500 μL of PBS Buffer, then centrifuge the column‑tube assembly at 1000 × g for 2 minutes to equilibrate the column.
3.3 Repeat step 3.2 for two additional times. Add PBS for the third wash but wait to centrifuge until immediately prior to proceeding to step.
3.4 After the third wash check there is no solution in the column, if required briefly centrifuge until no solution remains.
4. Purification with Desalting Column
4.1 Insert prepared desalting column into the new Collection Tube and apply the entire sample from step 2.3 to the column.
4.2 Centrifuge the column‑tube assembly at 1000 × g for 2 minutes. The purified antibody conjugate is in the collection tube.
5. Determine the antibody concentration (Optional)
5.1 Determination of antibody concentration by measuring absorption at 280 nm.
6. Strorage
6.1 Add 0.05–0.2% Proclin 300 or 0.05% sodium azide, along with a protein stabilizer (such as 0.1% BSA), to the labeled protein. Store protected from light at 2–8°C for stable preservation up to six months. Alternatively, add an equal volume of glycerol and store at -20°C for stable preservation up to six months.
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