Nafion™ 424, reinforced with poly(tetrafluoroethylene) fiber, thickness 0.013 in. für empfindliche chromatographische und analytische Workflows, die minimale Basislinieninterferenzen erfordern.
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Lagerung & Versand
Room temperature Versand . Genaue Spezifikationen finden Sie im chargenspezifischen COA.
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Qualitätsdokumente
SDS, COA, Datenblatt und Spezifikationsblatt stehen zum Download bereit. Chargenspezifische COA über Chargennummernsuche abrufbar.
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Literaturbeleg
In 1222 peer-reviewten Publikationen zu Chromatographie, organischer Synthese und Kreuzkupplungsreaktionen zitiert.
Übersicht
General Description
We are committed to bringing you Greener Alternative Products, which adhere to one or more of The 12 Principles of Greener Chemistry. This product has been enhanced for energy efficiency. Find details here .
Application
Nafion ™ membrane may be used in the fabrication of electrodes by dry plasma. Nafion ™ is a perfluorinated ion-exchange membrane which has a wide variety of commercial uses. The acidic (hydrogen ion) form and derivatives are solid, superacid catalysts useful in a wide variety of synthetic applications.
Other Notes
Surface that is shiny and smooth must be installed facing the cathode; otherwise the membrane may be irreversibly damaged upon use.
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as organosulfonic acids. These are compounds containing the sulfonic acid group, which has the general structure RS(=O)2OH (R is not a hydrogen atom).
External Descriptors
Not available
1. Djoumbou Feunang Y, Eisner R, Knox C, Chepelev L, Hastings J, Owen G, Fahy E, Steinbeck C, Subramanian S, Bolton E, Greiner R, and Wishart DS. ClassyFire: Automated Chemical Classification With A Comprehensive, Computable Taxonomy. Journal of Cheminformatics, 2016, 8:61.
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Application Protocols
No item-specific, tested bioassay protocols are provided in the Product Data for this membrane. For electrochemical and materials applications, users typically adapt standard protocols such as:
Membrane pre-treatment/cleaning (H2O2/H2SO4/water cycle) prior to PEMFC/PEMWE/RFB assembly.
Hydration equilibration followed by through-plane resistance measurement (e.g., four-point probe or EIS) to establish baseline protonic resistance.
Hot-pressing with catalyst-coated gas diffusion electrodes to fabricate CCMs, followed by single-cell break-in under humidified gases.
Refer to peer-reviewed literature or in-house SOPs for detailed, application-specific steps and quality checks.
Biological Roles
This product is an engineered fluorinated ionomer membrane and does not have intrinsic biological roles or metabolic functions.
Literature/biochemistry context where PFSA membranes intersect with biology (non-clinical):
Bioelectrochemistry: used as proton-conducting separators in microbial fuel cells and bioelectrochemical systems to isolate anodic/cathodic biotic compartments while enabling proton transport.
Biosensors: serves as a permselective film in some electrochemical sensors, excluding anionic interferents and providing a hydrated proton-conducting interface for enzyme- or catalyst-based detection.
Artificial photosynthesis and enzymatic electrocatalysis: provides proton pathways in compartmentalized reactors hosting enzymes or organometallic catalysts.
Sterility and biocompatibility considerations: the membrane is not sterile as supplied (unless explicitly stated on the CoA). If used in contact with biological media, typical practice includes soaking in sterile electrolyte and assembling under aseptic conditions. Exposure to strong bases/enzymes is generally not recommended due to potential ionomer degradation.
No medical or clinical use is intended or implied. For research use only (per Product Data).
Buffer Applications
This item is a solid ion-exchange membrane and is not itself a buffering reagent. Accordingly, conventional buffer preparation (pH-setting, buffer capacity) is not applicable.
Practical notes (literature) for pairing with buffers/electrolytes:
Proton-conducting performance depends on hydration and the acidity of the contacting electrolyte. Common electrolytes include dilute H2SO4, HClO4, or phosphate-free acidic media when metal corrosion must be minimized.
Avoid high-pH buffers (>~pH 9) or amine-rich buffers at elevated temperature, which can attack the sulfonated side chains over time.
Rinse thoroughly after exposure to cleaning baths (H2O2, H2SO4) with copious ultrapure water to eliminate carryover into experimental buffers.
For electrochemical impedance or conductivity measurements, equilibrate the membrane in the target electrolyte until mass changes stabilize to ensure reproducible protonic resistance.
Green Alternatives
While PFSA membranes like Nafion offer unmatched proton conductivity and oxidative stability, they are fluorinated materials with end-of-life and persistence concerns. Alternatives may be appropriate depending on application requirements.
Comparison (literature; general guidance):
PFSA (this product):
Strengths: high proton conductivity when hydrated, excellent chemical/oxidative stability, low gas permeability, broad industrial validation.
Tradeoffs: fluoropolymer persistence; potential release of HF and toxic species on incineration; manufacturing cost/footprint.
Tradeoffs: typically lower oxidative stability and hydrothermal durability; higher swelling/crossover at similar conductivity.
Short-side-chain PFSA (e.g., Aquivion):
Strengths: higher crystallinity and potentially improved mechanical/transport balance at lower EW.
Tradeoffs: still fluorinated; similar end-of-life concerns.
Anion-exchange membranes (AEMs; e.g., Sustainion, PiperION) for alkaline operation:
Strengths: enable non-platinum catalysts and different reaction environments.
Tradeoffs: conduct OH⁻, not H⁺; different device chemistry; varying chemical stability in alkaline oxidative environments.
Green practice tips (any membrane):
Optimize thickness to minimize precious-metal loading and energy losses.
Extend lifetime via proper pre-cleaning, hydration control, and contamination avoidance to reduce replacement frequency.
Implement take-back/recycling where available; avoid combustion disposal.
Pharmaceutical Uses
This perfluorinated membrane is a laboratory/research material and is not an excipient or active ingredient.
General literature context (non-clinical, no therapeutic claims):
Device component: PFSA membranes can serve as separators or proton-conducting components in research electrochemical devices used for process development relevant to pharmaceutical manufacturing (e.g., electro-organic synthesis cells).
Analytical tools: Nafion films are sometimes employed in electrode surface modification for electroanalytical assays, aiding in permselectivity and signal stability.
There is no pharmacopeial monograph for the membrane form, and no formulation roles are claimed for this specific item. Always confirm regulatory suitability for any process-contact application.
Physical Properties
Item-specific specifications are not provided in the Product Data. Consult the CoA/Spec Sheet for definitive values for this SKU.
General/literature values for Nafion-type PFSA membranes (for context; not specifications for this item):
Physical state/appearance: dense, non-porous polymer film; typically colorless to slightly translucent.
Density (dry): ~1.97–2.05 g/cm³ (literature, varies with equivalent weight and hydration).
Water uptake: typically 10–30 wt% at ambient conditions depending on equivalent weight, thickness, and humidity (literature).
Onset of sulfonic acid group decomposition: ~190–250 °C in air; PTFE-like backbone stable >300 °C, with major mass loss often >350–400 °C.
No true melting under normal use; semi-crystalline regions soften at elevated T but the material is typically used below ~120 °C when hydrated to maintain mechanical integrity.
Chemical resistance: excellent vs. most acids, oxidants, and many solvents; can be attacked by strong nucleophiles/bases at elevated T (literature).
Solubility: insoluble as a membrane; related PFSA dispersions are available in alcohol/water mixtures (literature context).
Equivalent weight (EW): commonly ~1100 g·eq⁻¹ for classic grades (e.g., “117” series), other EWs exist (literature). Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Note: Actual thickness, EW, ionic form, and reinforcement (if any) critically determine measured properties and must be taken from the item’s CoA.
Quality and Grades
Item-specific grade/purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
How PFSA membrane quality is typically defined (literature/industry context; not specifications for this item):
Equivalent weight (EW, g·eq⁻¹): determines ion-exchange capacity and water uptake. Lower EW → higher conductivity and swelling; higher EW → greater mechanical/chemical robustness.
Thickness and type code: e.g., 50–180 µm films (often denoted by legacy codes such as 112, 115, 117). Thickness impacts sheet resistance, gas crossover, and handling.
Ionic form: commonly H+ form for PEM fuel cells; Na+, K+, or Li+ forms for specific separations. Users may exchange to target cation prior to use.
Reinforcement: unreinforced vs. PTFE- or expanded-PTFE-reinforced composites for dimensional stability.
Defect density/pinhole rating and surface cleanliness: critical for electrochemical durability and low crossover.
Ionic conductivity and IEC: often reported at specified T/RH and via titration, respectively.
What to look for on the CoA for this specific SKU:
Nominal thickness and tolerance, EW/IEC, ionic form (H+ vs Na+), residual solvent/impurity limits, conditioning history, and recommended operating window (T, RH, pH). Absent in Product Data here; confirm on shipment documents.
Reaction and Applications
As a perfluorosulfonic acid ion-exchange membrane, this material is widely used as a solid electrolyte/separator rather than a molecular reagent. Key application domains (literature; expand as relevant to your work):
Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC): serves as electrolyte and gas separator. Requirements include high in-plane proton conductivity, low H2/O2 crossover, mechanical integrity under cyclic RH/T, and chemical durability against radicals formed at the cathode. Hydration state is critical; performance typically increases with RH and temperature up to ~80–90 °C in low-pressure systems.
Proton-exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE): functions as diaphragm between anode/cathode, enduring anodic potentials and hot, acidic, oxygen-rich environments. Pre-treatment to remove metal contaminants helps mitigate Fenton-type degradation.
Redox-flow batteries (e.g., vanadium RFB): separator controlling crossover of redox species. Tradeoff between ionic conductivity and permeability dictates thickness/EW choice.
Electrodialysis and electrochemical separations: cation-exchange medium for desalination, acid recovery, and organic separations; selectivity arises from Donnan exclusion and hydrated channel size.
Electro-organic synthesis and sensors: supports proton transport in H-cell membranes or as a solid electrolyte contacting catalytic surfaces.
Catalyst binder/film formation: although this SKU is a membrane, related PFSA dispersions are used to cast ionomer films on electrodes. Membrane pretreatment (H2O2/H2SO4/water) can improve adhesion and wetting.
Practical tips (literature):
Handle with clean, non-metallic tweezers; avoid metal ion contamination. Hydrate prior to assembly to relieve handling stresses.
Control clamping pressure/torque to avoid cold flow and edge leakage. Gaskets should match membrane thickness.
Record and maintain membrane water content for reproducible resistance measurements.
Reaction Conditions
Typical literature conditions for employing PFSA membranes in electrochemical devices (guidance only; not specifications for this item):
Pre-treatment/cleaning (common lab protocol):
Boil 1 h in 3% H2O2 (aq) to oxidize organics.
Rinse; boil 1 h in ultrapure water.
Boil 1 h in 0.5–1.0 M H2SO4 (aq) to protonate/clean.
Rinse; boil 1 h in ultrapure water. Store hydrated until use. Adjust for your application and safety constraints.
Hydration and temperature:
Proton conductivity increases with RH and T; many PEMFC/PEMWE studies operate at 60–90 °C with humidified gases or liquid water. For bench electrochemistry, ambient to 80 °C in aqueous acid is common.
Assembly parameters:
Gasket compression: target uniform compression without inducing creep; torque values depend on hardware and thickness.
Electrode–membrane bonding: hot-pressing catalyst-coated membranes (CCMs) at ~120–140 °C and modest pressure (literature) can improve interfacial contact; optimize for your ionomer/catalyst system.
Performance benchmarks (illustrative literature values at full hydration):
In-plane proton conductivity: ~0.05–0.12 S·cm⁻¹ at 25 °C for classic EW ~1100 membranes; higher at 80 °C.
Hydrogen crossover: typically low for ≥100 µm films; decreases with thickness but raises ohmic losses.
Chemical environment:
Stable in strong acids and oxidizing conditions typical of PEM anodes; avoid strong bases and amines, especially hot.
Always validate conditions with small-scale trials and consult the specific CoA/SDS for temperature and chemical compatibility limits.
Safety and Handling
Item-specific hazard classifications (GHS, H-statements, pictograms, signal word): Not specified for this item; refer to the SDS for authoritative safety information.
General safety considerations for PFSA membranes (literature/good practice):
Thermal decomposition can release hazardous fluorinated species (e.g., HF, SOx, perfluoroisobutylene) if overheated or burned. Avoid processing above recommended temperatures; do not incinerate. Use local exhaust when heat-treating.
In proton (H+) form the membrane is strongly acidic locally within its ionic domains; handle with gloves to avoid skin/eye contact, especially when wet or during acid/base conditioning steps.
Avoid strong bases/nucleophiles at elevated temperature which may degrade side chains; prevent contact with amines or alkali at high pH unless performing controlled ion-exchange.
Mechanical hazards: edges of cut films can be sharp; use cut-resistant gloves when slitting.
Contamination control: oils, surfactants, and metal ions can foul ionic pathways; handle with clean tools in a low-contamination environment for electrochemical work.
Recommended PPE: safety glasses, lab coat, chemical-resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile), and appropriate thermal protection if heat-treating.
First aid (overview; defer to SDS):
Skin/eye contact (with acidic or alkaline conditioning solutions used on the membrane): rinse with water for ≥15 min; seek medical advice.
Inhalation of decomposition fumes: move to fresh air; seek medical attention.
Storage incompatibilities: keep away from strong bases, amines, and high temperatures. Do not expose to open flame.
Solvent Selection
This product is a solid membrane and is not used as a solvent. However, solvent interactions matter for cleaning, conditioning, and assembling PFSA membranes.
General/literature guidance (not specifications for this item):
Polarity/affinity: Nafion’s fluorinated matrix is hydrophobic, while sulfonic acid clusters are highly hydrophilic. Hydration with deionized water is essential for proton conduction.
Swelling media: water and lower alcohols (e.g., methanol, ethanol) penetrate ionic domains to varying degrees; swelling increases with lower EW and higher temperature. Over-swelling can reduce mechanical strength.
Chemical resistance:
Stable to strong mineral acids (H2SO4, HNO3) and oxidants (H2O2) used in cleaning protocols.
Generally resistant to many aprotic solvents (acetonitrile, DMSO) but long exposure can alter mechanical properties; verify for your grade.
Strong bases/amine solvents can damage side chains; avoid prolonged exposure at elevated temperature.
When to choose vs. alternatives:
Use PFSA membranes when high proton conductivity, chemical/oxidative stability, and low gas permeability are needed (PEM fuel cells, electrolyzers).
Consider hydrocarbon ionomers (e.g., SPEEK) where cost is critical and oxidative load is modest; consider AEMs for hydroxide conduction.
Small comparison (literature):
Water: best for hydration/activation; no residue.
Alcohol/water mixes: aid wetting and removal of organics; can plasticize membrane.
Acidic baths (e.g., 0.5–1 M H2SO4): protonate and clean; rinse thoroughly afterward.
Shipped in: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
General handling and storage guidance for PFSA membranes (literature/best practice; not specifications for this item):
Dry vs. wet storage: If shipped dry, store flat in the original pouch to prevent creasing. For wet storage, immerse in clean, deionized water with periodic water changes to limit biofouling; avoid microbial growth by maintaining cleanliness (do not add biocides unless validated for your application).
Contamination control: Keep away from dust, oils, and metal-containing tools. Use dedicated, clean trays and tweezers.
Temperature and light: Ambient room temperature in a dark or opaque pouch is typical. Avoid freezing hydrated membranes (ice expansion can induce microcracks). Avoid prolonged exposure to >60 °C in dry air unless intended for hot-pressing or drying as per protocol.
Reconditioning before use: If stored dry, rehydrate by soaking in deionized water (hours to overnight), then apply application-specific cleaning (e.g., H2O2/H2SO4/water sequence) and equilibrate in the target electrolyte.
Shelf life: Polymer is durable when stored properly; verify usability by visual inspection (no pinholes, cracks) and by measuring ionic resistance after hydration.
Research Use Note: For research use only (from Product Data).
Structure and Identity
Nafion perfluorinated membrane is a solid polymer electrolyte (perfluorosulfonic acid, PFSA) with a PTFE-like backbone and perfluoroether side chains terminating in sulfonic acid groups.
Item-specific identifiers from Product Data:
SKU: N432604
Product name: Nafion™ perfluorinated membrane
CAS: 31175-20-9
InChIKey: 88387 (as provided)
SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Structural features (general literature description; polymers do not have a single SMILES):
Side chains: perfluoroether pendants bearing terminal –SO3H (sulfonic acid) groups; a common repeat motif is –O–CF2–CF(CF3)–O–CF2–CF2–SO3H (literature), attached intermittently to the backbone.
Ionic domains: microphase-separated hydrophilic channels formed by sulfonate clusters within a hydrophobic fluoropolymer matrix, enabling high proton conductivity when hydrated.
Form: typically supplied in the proton (H+) form as a dense, transparent to translucent film; cation-exchanged forms (e.g., Na+, K+) are used for specific applications (literature context).
2D structure in words (literature): Alternating tetrafluoroethylene units form a linear chain; at intervals, a perfluoroether branch bearing a terminal sulfonic acid group projects from the chain, creating a comb-like ionomer architecture.
Synthetic Utility
Although supplied as a membrane rather than a particulate resin, the PFSA chemistry underlying Nafion is that of a superacidic, strongly proton-conducting sulfonic acid ionomer. Synthetic and process-relevant utilities (literature; not item specifications):
Solid acid medium: Nafion (commonly as beads/resin or supported films) has been used as a heterogeneous Brønsted acid catalyst for esterifications, acetalizations, Friedel–Crafts alkylations, and dehydration reactions. Membrane formats can function as proton-conducting barriers enabling compartmentalized acid catalysis.
Electro-organic synthesis: as a proton-exchange separator in divided cells for anodic oxidations, reductive couplings, Kolbe-type electrolysis, and electrosynthesis under acidic conditions, improving selectivity by preventing product/catalyst crossover.
Ion-exchange/separation: selective cation transport can be exploited to separate metal ions or control proton availability in flow systems.
Retrosynthetic value: use of a PEM can unlock reaction manifolds that require strict separation of anodic/cathodic intermediates while maintaining ionic continuity, expanding viable electrochemical disconnections.
Practical notes:
Precondition the membrane (e.g., boil in 3% H2O2, then 0.5–1 M H2SO4, then water; literature) to remove organics/metal impurities before sensitive electrochemistry.
Match membrane thickness/EW to the needed ionic resistance and selectivity; thinner membranes reduce IR drop but may increase crossover.
Clamp assemblies evenly and maintain full hydration to stabilize ohmic resistance during reaction.
Target Specificity
Not applicable. This product is a polymer membrane material and does not target biological epitopes or molecular targets. No antibodies, enzymes, or binding specificities are associated with this SKU.
Häufig gestellte Fragen
How should this product be stored?
Store at room temperature.
What are the CAS number, molecular formula and molecular weight?
The CAS Number is 31175-20-9. InChIKey FOYUGSIADQEOEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N.
What documentation is provided?
Available product documentation, including Certificates of Analysis (COA), Safety Data Sheets (SDS), and specification sheets, is shown in the product document area. Document availability and access follow the current site policy.
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