Valinomycin - ≥98%(TLC),≥95%(HPLC) , CAS No.2001-95-8

CAS: 2001-95-8 Cat. No.: V100895 Molecular Weight: 1111.32 Beilstein Registry Number: 78657 EC Number: 217-896-6 PubChem CID: 3000706

GRADE & PURITY ≥98%(TLC),≥95%(HPLC)

Synonyms

Potassium ionophore I | valino | Antibiotic N-329 B | CHEBI:28545 | N561YS75MN | NSC122023 | cyclo[-D-O-Val-D-Val-L-O-Ala-L-Val]3 | yclic(D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl-D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl-D-alpha-hydro

Storage

Protected from light,Store at -20°C

Shipped In

Ice chest + Ice pads

Overview

Valinomycin is a cyclodepsipeptide and potassium ionophore that has been shown to induce cell death. The compound has been shown to have antibabesial activity and reported to promote hemolysis in HK erythrocytes, and decrease the intracellular ATP concentration. CHO cell studies demonstrate that cells exposed to Valinomycin display caspase-3 activation, phosphatidylserine membrane translocation, and mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Can be used as a biosensor to detect potassium efflux as well.
A potassium ionophore shown to induce cell death;Being a Potassium selective ionophore, valinomycin is used in specific potassium measurment electrodes. Valinomycin is an apoptosis inducer. It is used as a tool in membrane research

Specifications

Synonyms

Potassium ionophore I | valino | Antibiotic N-329 B | CHEBI:28545 | N561YS75MN | NSC122023 | cyclo[-D-O-Val-D-Val-L-O-Ala-L-Val]3 | yclic(D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl-D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl-D-alpha-hydro

Specifications & Purity

≥98%(TLC), ≥95%(HPLC)

Biochemical and Physiological Mechanisms

K+-selective ionophoric cyclodepsipeptide; potassium ionophore which uncouples oxidative phosphorylation, induces apoptosis in murine thymocytes, inhibits NGF-induced neuronal differentiation and antagonizes ET-induced vasoconstriction.K + selective ionop

Source

Streptomyces fulvissimus

Storage

Protected from light, Store at -20°C

Shipped In

Ice chest + Ice pads

This product requires cold chain shipping. Ground and other economy services are not available.

Note

Wherever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20°C. Generally, these will be useable for up to one week. Before use, and prior to opening the vial we recommend that you allow your product to equilibrate to room temperature for at least 1 hour. Toxic, refer to SDS for further information. Need more advice on solubility, usage and handling? Please visit our frequently asked questions (FAQ) page for more details.

Purity

≥98%(TLC), ≥95%(HPLC)

Names and Identifiers

• Canonical Smiles: CC1C(=O)NC(C(=O)OC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)OC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)OC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)OC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)OC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)O1)C(C)C)C(C)C)C(C)C)C)C(C)C)C(C)C)C(C)C)C)C(C)C)C(C)C)C(C)C
• IUPAC Name: (3S,6S,9R,12R,15S,18S,21R,24R,27S,30S,33R,36R)-6,18,30-trimethyl-3,9,12,15,21,24,27,33,36-nona(propan-2-yl)-1,7,13,19,25,31-hexaoxa-4,10,16,22,28,34-hexazacyclohexatriacontane-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,35-dodecone
• InChIKey: FCFNRCROJUBPLU-DNDCDFAISA-N
• INCHI: 1S/C54H90N6O18/c1-22(2)34-49(67)73-31(19)43(61)55-38(26(9)10)53(71)77-41(29(15)16)47(65)59-36(24(5)6)51(69)75-33(21)45(63)57-39(27(11)12)54(72)78-42(30(17)18)48(66)60-35(23(3)4)50(68)74-32(20)44(62)56-37(25(7)8)52(70)76-40(28(13)14)46(64)58-34/h22-42H,1-21H3,(H,55,61)(H,56,62)(H,57,63)(H,58,64)(H,59,65)(H,60,66)/t31-,32-,33-,34+,35+,36+,37-,38-,39-,40+,41+,42+/m0/s1
• Isomeric SMILES: C[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)O[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)O[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)O1)C(C)C)C(C)C)C(C)C)C)C(C)C)C(C)C)C(C)C)C)C(C)C)C(C)C)C(C)C
• WGK Germany: 3
• RTECS: YV9468000
• PubChem CID: 3000706
• UN Number: 2811
• Packing Group: I
• Molecular Weight: 1111.32
• Beilstein: 78657

Taxonomic Classification

Taxonomy Tree

• Kingdom Organic compounds
  • Superclass Organic acids and derivatives
    • Class Peptidomimetics
      • Subclass Depsipeptides

• Kingdom: Organic compounds
• Superclass: Organic acids and derivatives
• Class: Peptidomimetics
• Subclass: Depsipeptides
• Intermediate Tree Nodes: Not available
• Direct Parent: Cyclic depsipeptides
• Alternative Parents: Hexacarboxylic acids and derivatives Macrolide lactams Alpha amino acid esters Macrolactams Macrolides and analogues Lactones Lactams Secondary carboxylic acid amides Carboxylic acid esters Oxacyclic compounds Azacyclic compounds Carbonyl compounds Hydrocarbon derivatives Organic oxides Organonitrogen compounds Organopnictogen compounds
• Molecular Framework: Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
• Substituents: Cyclic depsipeptide - Hexacarboxylic acid or derivatives - Macrolide lactam - Alpha-amino acid ester - Macrolactam - Macrolide - Alpha-amino acid or derivatives - Carboxamide group - Carboxylic acid ester - Lactam - Lactone - Secondary carboxylic acid amide - Oxacycle - Carboxylic acid derivative - Azacycle - Organoheterocyclic compound - Hydrocarbon derivative - Carbonyl group - Organic oxygen compound - Organic oxide - Organopnictogen compound - Organic nitrogen compound - Organonitrogen compound - Organooxygen compound - Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
• Description: This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cyclic depsipeptides. These are natural or synthetic compounds having sequences of amino and hydroxy carboxylic acid residues (usually α-amino and α-hydroxy acids) connected in a ring. The residues are commonly but not necessarily regularly alternating.
• External Descriptors: cyclodepsipeptide - macrocycle

Data sources

1. Djoumbou Feunang Y, Eisner R, Knox C, Chepelev L, Hastings J, Owen G, Fahy E, Steinbeck C, Subramanian S, Bolton E, Greiner R, and Wishart DS. ClassyFire: Automated Chemical Classification With A Comprehensive, Computable Taxonomy. Journal of Cheminformatics, 2016, 8:61.

DOI: 10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y

Associated Targets(Human)

ACHE Tclin Acetylcholinesterase (18204 Activities)

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BXPC-3 (2997 Activities)

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DU-145 (51482 Activities)

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MCF7 (126967 Activities)

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SK-MEL-28 (48833 Activities)

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MIA PaCa-2 (5949 Activities)

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HepG2 (196354 Activities)

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NCI-H460 (60772 Activities)

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A2780 (11979 Activities)

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SF-268 (49410 Activities)

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HUVEC (11049 Activities)

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KM-20L2 (14967 Activities)

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HeLa (62764 Activities)

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SW-620 (52400 Activities)

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ABCC2 Tchem Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 (1191 Activities)

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ABCB11 Tchem Bile salt export pump (2311 Activities)

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ABCC3 Tbio Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 2 (718 Activities)

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ABCC4 Tchem Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (785 Activities)

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HEK-293T (167025 Activities)

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Associated Targets(non-human)

Abcb1b P-glycoprotein 1 (174 Activities)

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Staphylococcus aureus (210822 Activities)

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Staphylococcus epidermidis (22802 Activities)

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Escherichia coli (133304 Activities)

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis (203094 Activities)

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Mycolicibacterium smegmatis (8003 Activities)

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Trypanosoma brucei (78846 Activities)

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Trypanosoma brucei brucei (13300 Activities)

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Leishmania major (2877 Activities)

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L1210 (27553 Activities)

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P388 (20296 Activities)

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Vero (26788 Activities)

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C6 (2371 Activities)

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norA Quinolone resistance protein norA (2171 Activities)

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BCHE Cholinesterase (8742 Activities)

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis BCG (1626 Activities)

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Cell membrane (1233 Activities)

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SARS-CoV (424 Activities)

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Mechanisms of Action

Chemical and Physical Properties

• Solubility: Soluble in ethanol (50 mg/ml), petroleum ether, ether, benzene, chloroform, glacial acetic, butyl acetate, and methanol (5 mg/ml). Soluble in DMSO at 10mg/ml. Insoluble in water
• Sensitivity: Light & Moisture sensitive
• Melt Point(°C): 190°C
• Molecular Weight: 1111.300 g/mol
• XLogP3: 9.100
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 6
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 18
• Rotatable Bond Count: 9
• Exact Mass: 1110.63 Da
• Monoisotopic Mass: 1110.63 Da
• Topological Polar Surface Area: 332.000 Ų
• Heavy Atom Count: 78
• Formal Charge: 0
• Complexity: 1910.000
• Isotope Atom Count: 0
• Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 12
• Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
• Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
• Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
• The total count of all stereochemical bonds: 0
• Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1

References

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12. Wei Ling, Jingxian Yu, Ning Ma, Ya Li, Ziyue Wu, Rong Liang, Yafeng Hao, Huizhuo Pan, Wentao Liu, Bo Fu, Kun Wang, Hanjie Wang, Lizhu Li, Xing Sheng, Hui Peng, Baoan Ning, Jiajia Yang, Xian Huang.  (2020)  Flexible Electronics and Materials for Synchronized Stimulation and Monitoring in Multi-Encephalic Regions.  ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS,  30  (32): (2002644).  [PMID:] [10.1002/adfm.202002644]

13. Lie Wang, Liyuan Wang, Ye Zhang, Jian Pan, Shangyu Li, Xuemei Sun, Bo Zhang, Huisheng Peng.  (2018)  Weaving Sensing Fibers into Electrochemical Fabric for Real-Time Health Monitoring.  ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS,  28  (42): (1804456).  [PMID:] [10.1002/adfm.201804456]

14. Bing Cao, Fengfeng Xiao, Da Xing, Xianglong Hu.  (2018)  Polyprodrug Antimicrobials: Remarkable Membrane Damage and Concurrent Drug Release to Combat Antibiotic Resistance of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.  Small,  14  (41): (1802008).  [PMID:30118562] [10.1002/smll.201802008]

15. Qinqin Sun, Wanzhen Li, Bin Su.  (2015)  Highly hydrophobic solid contact based on graphene-hybrid nanocomposites for all solid state potentiometric sensors with well-formulated phase boundary potentials.  JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.12.038]

16. Chen Chen, Ziwei Liu, Jianzheng Li, Davide Vurro, Yizhou Jiang, Luyu Xue, Ye Gong, Yaje Qin.  (2024)  A Miniaturized Flexible Patch Based on CNT Fiber Sensors and Highly Integrated SoC for Analysis of Sweat.  IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL,      [PMID:] [10.1109/JSEN.2024.3465048]

17. Jiawei Zhai, Bin Luo, Tianyang Liu, Hongtu Dong, Xiaotong Jin, Xiaodong Wang, Chunjiang Zhao.  (2024)  Development of a hydroponic device using potassium Ion-Selective electrode and neural network technology.  MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.microc.2024.112017]

18. Yuanzhen Wang, Yiding Jiao, Jiacheng Wang, Hanting Zhang, Tingting Ye, Jiang Lu, Er He, Luhe Li, Jie Song, Chenyu Bai, Xusong Li, Yiran Li, Fangyan Li, Fengqi Li, Jingrui Jian, Shuo Yang, Xinxin Hou, Qianming Li, Shupeng Zhao, Ruiyang Tan, Ye Zhang.  (2025)  Metalgel Fiber with Excellent Electrical and Mechanical Properties.  ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,      [PMID:39854174] [10.1021/acsami.4c19418]

19. Ziyi Mi, Youyuan Xia, Huo Dong, Yuhang Shen, Ziyou Feng, Yawen Hong, Haoyu Zhu, Binfeng Yin, Zhengping Ji, Qin Xu, Xiaoya Hu, Yun Shu.  (2024)  Microfluidic Wearable Electrochemical Sensor Based on MOF-Derived Hexagonal Rod-Shaped Porous Carbon for Sweat Metabolite and Electrolyte Analysis.  ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY,      [PMID:39392225] [10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02950]

20. Bo Lin, Fangqi Li, Jianan Hui, Zhe Xing, Jie Fu, Shuang Li, Haotian Shi, Chaoran Liu, Hongju Mao, Zhenhua Wu.  (2024)  Modular Reconfigurable Approach Toward Noninvasive Wearable Body Net for Monitoring Sweat and Physiological Signals.  ACS Sensors,      [PMID:39576944] [10.1021/acssensors.4c02141]

21. Yuge Wu, Qi Wang, Xin Li, Ke Li, Dehua Huang, Kehan Zou, Zhehua Zhang, Yongchao Qian, Congcong Zhu, Xiang-Yu Kong, Liping Wen.  (2025)  Olfactory-Inspired Separation-Sensing Nanochannel-Based Electronics for Wireless Sweat Monitoring.  ACS Nano,      [PMID:39808732] [10.1021/acsnano.4c14660]

22. Lidan Yan, Yang Zhang, Zhibiao Zhu, Yuqi Liang, Mengmeng Xiao.  (2025)  Robust Carbon Nanotube Transistor Ion Sensors with Near-Nernstian Sensitivity for Multi-Ion Detection in Neurological Diseases.  Nanomaterials,  15  (6): (447).  [PMID:40137620] [10.3390/nano15060447]

23. Dan Luo, Lu Liu, Yuefeng Liu, Jun Li, Zhijie Li, Haibo Sun, Pengfei Peng, Yue Qiu, Yong Liu, Hao Liu.  (2025)  Rubbing resistant and rapid response multifunctional sweat sensor based on core-sheath structure yarns.  CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.cej.2025.165987]

24. Yizhu Liu, Yexi Jin, Detao Yuan, Hao Shen, Yu Lu, Guangyao Chen, Liwei Xue, Tuo Zhang, Zongheng Shi, Jing Zhang, Liguo Chen.  (2025)  A wearable sweat detection system with biomimetic steady-flow microfluidic structure for multi-biomarker analysis.  CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.cej.2025.167915]

25. Lina Yang, Vishaka Pathiranage, Shihao Zhou, Xiaoting Sun, Hanbin Zhang, Cuixin Lai, Chenlei Gu, Fedor V. Subach, Mikhail Drobizhev, Alice R. Walker, Kiryl D. Piatkevich.  (2025)  Sensitive red fluorescent indicators for real-time visualization of potassium ion dynamics in vivo.  PLOS BIOLOGY,  23  (9): (e3002993).  [PMID:40961161] [10.1371/journal.pbio.3002993]

26. Zehao Li, Weixuan Jing, Zhenwei Yang, Weizhuo Gao, Fan Zhou, Feng Han, Qi Mao, Libo Zhao, Zhaochu Yang, Zhuangde Jiang.  (2025)  A potassium ion sensor with an acupuncture needle inserted into a glass capillary for small-volume sample detection.  MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.microc.2025.113870]

27. Guodong Liu, Xianyang Guan, Pingna Zhang, Qifeng Tan, Tianlong Li, Xin Jin, Huiqing Xu, Chaojiang Li, Jieliang Zhao.  (2025)  A Fully Integrated Wearable Microfluidic Electrochemical Sensor with Ultrasonic Connecting and Hot-Pressing Bonded Multilayer Structure for Sweat Biomarker Analysis.  ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY,      [PMID:41055006] [10.1021/acs.analchem.5c04641]

28. Pengjia Qi, Canjie Hu, Zhanlu Yu, Yang Chen, Chonghui Zhu, Lichao Liu.  (2026)  A flexible multichannel wearable sensor for real-time monitoring of exercise-induced sweat composition.  TALANTA,      [PMID:41519035] [10.1016/j.talanta.2026.129355]

29. Yu-hang Ma, Yi-feng Ding, Liu-hong Yang, Jing Wen, Ke-fan Duan, Ge Dai, Feng-Feng Mo, Jia-feng Wang.  (2026)  Ti3C2Tx MXene/AuNPs-empowered microfluidic electrochemical sensor for simultaneous sensing of lactate and potassium ions in blood.  ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148137]

30. Xu Zhong, XiaoBo Liu, Bing Yin, Shitao Nie, Jie Song, Mingqian Tan, Tianxi Yang, Yun Ma, Wentao Su.  (2026)  Laser-Induced Graphite Multi-Ion Sensor for Real-Time Assessment of Fucoxanthin Therapy in Alcoholic Liver Disease.  ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY,      [PMID:41748470] [10.1021/acs.analchem.5c06878]

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