VGF Antibody - Primärer Antikörper, specific to VGF

Cat. No.: Ab134144

QUALITÄT & REINHEIT Carrier Free, ExactAb™, Validated, 1.0 mg/mL

Application

IF/ICC, IHC, WB

Host species

Kaninchen

Reactive species

Kuh, Maus, Mensch, Rat

Isotype

Rabbit IgG

Conjugation

Unconjugated

Übersicht

Rabbit anti Human VGF Antibody, Polyclonal, could be used for WB, IHC, IF/ICC and so on.

Spezifikationen

Product Name

VGF Antibody - Primärer Antikörper, specific to VGF

Synonyme

NERP-1 antibody | NERP-2 antibody | Nerve growth factor inducible antibody | Neuroendocrine regulatory peptide-2 antibody | Neurosecretory protein VGF antibody | VGF antibody | VGF_HUMAN antibody | neuro-endocrine specific protein VGF | neurosecretory pro

Spezifikationen & Reinheit

ExactAb™, Validated, Carrier Free, 1.0 mg/mL

Biochemische und physiologische Mechanismen

May be involved in the regulation of cell-cell interactions or in synatogenesis during the maturation of the nervous system. NERP peptides are involved in the control of body fluid homeostasis by regulating vasopressin release.

Wirtsspezies

Kaninchen

Spezifität

VGF

Immunogen

A synthetic peptide derived from human VGF.

Positive Kontrolle

WB: Rat brain lysates. IHC: Human lung cancer tissue. IF/ICC: RAW 264.7 cells.

Konjugation

Unconjugated

Note

Carrier Free, ExactAb™, Validated

SDS-PAGE

150 kDa

Verfahren zur Reinigung

Immunogen affinity purified

Konzentration

1.0 mg/mL

Product Line

Biologische Produkte

Lagerung und Versand

Form

Liquid

Storage

Store at -20°C,Avoid repeated freezing and thawing

Verschickt in

Ice chest + Ice pads

Stabilität und Lagerung

Store at 4°C short term (1-2 weeks). Store at -20°C long term (12 months). Upon receipt, it is recommended to aliquot. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle.

Bilder

Western Blot: VGF Antibody (Ab134144)

VGF Antibody (Ab134144) - Western Blot
All lanes: VGF Antibody (Ab134144) at 1/1000 dilution
Samples: Lysates at 20 µg per lane
Secondary: Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (Ab170144) at 1/20000 dilution
Predicted band size: 67 kDa
Observed band size: 70 kDa
Exposure time: 181.2 s

IHC: VGF Antibody (Ab134144)

VGF Antibody (Ab134144) - IHC
Immunohistochemical analysis of VGF staining in human lung cancer formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue section. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0). The section was then incubated with VGF Antibody (Ab134144) at room temperature and detected using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. The section was then counterstained with haematoxylin and mounted with DPX.

IF/ICC: VGF Antibody (Ab134144)

VGF Antibody (Ab134144) – IF/ICC
Immunofluorescent analysis of VGF staining in Raw 264.7 cells. Formalin-fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 5-10 minutes and blocked with 3% BSA-PBS for 30 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with VGF Antibody (Ab134144) in 3% BSA-PBS and incubated overnight at 4 °C in a humidified chamber. Cells were washed with PBST and incubated with a DyLight 594-conjugated secondary antibody (red) in PBS at room temperature in the dark. DAPI was used to stain the cell nuclei (blue).

Anwendung

Anwendung

Dilution info

IF/ICC

1/100-1/500

WB

1/500-1/1000

IHC

1/100-1/200

Zugehörige Ziele (menschlich)

VGF Tbio Neurosecretory protein VGF (0 Activities)

Discover Target: VGF

Activity Type	Activity Value -log(M)	Mechanism of Action	Activity Reference	Publications (PubMed IDs)

Application Protocols

Tested applications, recommended dilutions, and positive controls must come from item-specific validation.

For this SKU (Ab134144):

• Tested applications (e.g., WB, IHC, IF, ELISA, IP): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Recommended dilutions/working concentrations: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Positive control samples/tissues: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General usage guidance (literature/general)

• Start with small pilot titrations to identify the optimal antibody concentration and incubation time for your assay and sample type.
• Include appropriate negative controls (isotype control, no-primary control) and, when available, peptide competition to substantiate specificity.
• Use low-protein-binding consumables and freshly prepared blocking buffers to minimize background.

Biological Roles

Target overview (general, literature)

• VGF (non-acronymic) encodes a secreted polypeptide precursor that is post-translationally processed into multiple neuropeptides (e.g., TLQP, NERP families). These peptides modulate synaptic activity, neurogenesis, energy balance, and neuroendocrine signaling.
• Expression: Predominantly in neurons and neuroendocrine cells, induced by neurotrophins and activity-dependent signaling. VGF is localized to secretory granules and dense core vesicles.
• Functional themes: Roles have been described in regulation of appetite and energy expenditure, circadian processes, synaptic plasticity, and stress responses. Distinct peptides exhibit receptor-mediated activities impacting calcium signaling and vesicle trafficking.

Implications for assay design (general)

• Antibody epitope location (precursor vs processed peptide region) dictates the spectrum of species detected. Peptide-focused antibodies may label vesicular compartments and secreted peptide pools differently than precursor-targeting antibodies.
• Proteolytic processing varies by tissue and state; observe multiple bands in WB corresponding to precursor and peptide intermediates. Peptide competition controls can help confirm specificity.

Item-specific biological role details and epitope mapping for this SKU are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Buffer Applications

No dedicated buffer system is intrinsic to this antibody. However, buffers are critical to performance in immunoassays.

General buffer guidance (literature/general)

• Dilution/Incubation: PBS or TBS (pH 7.2–7.6) with 0.05–0.1% Tween-20 for WB/ELISA; add 1–5% serum or protein blocker during incubation to reduce nonspecific binding. Carrier-free stock should be diluted into blocking buffer immediately before use.
• IHC/IF: For antigen retrieval, citrate buffer pH ~6.0 or Tris–EDTA pH ~9.0 may be evaluated; permeabilization with 0.1–0.3% Triton X‑100 or saponin depending on localization.
• Storage/dilution: Low-protein-binding tubes; consider adding sterile glycerol (final 40–50%) to aliquots designated for −20°C storage if compatible with your application. For this SKU, specific buffer composition is Not specified; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Recipe hints (general)

• PBS 10× stock: 80 g NaCl, 2 g KCl, 14.4 g Na2HPO4, 2.4 g KH2PO4 in 1 L H2O; adjust pH 7.4, dilute to 1×.
• TBS 10× stock: 24 g Tris base, 88 g NaCl in 1 L H2O; adjust to pH 7.6 with HCl; dilute to 1×.

Green Alternatives

Antibody reagents do not have direct “green solvent” alternatives, but sustainability can be improved in handling and workflows.

Greener practice suggestions (general)

• Buffer design: Use phosphate- or HEPES-based buffers prepared from high-purity salts and deionized water. Avoid azide where downstream cell-based assays are planned; consider sterile filtration instead of biocides.
• Concentration and aliquoting: Prepare single-use aliquots to minimize freeze–thaw, reducing waste from degraded material.
• Cold-chain efficiency: Consolidate shipments and select reusable ice packs and insulated shippers; receive promptly to limit dry ice/ice pack use.
• Waste reduction: Choose low-protein-binding, recyclable plastics where validated; scale experiments to reduce excess antibody consumption.

Tradeoffs

• Removing preservatives improves biocompatibility but can shorten shelf life; maintain sterility and store at recommended temperatures.
• Carrier-free formulations reduce additives (beneficial for downstream conjugation and MS) but may require more careful handling to prevent adsorption.

Pharmaceutical Uses

This product is provided strictly for research use only (per Product Data) and is not intended for diagnostic or therapeutic applications.

General formulation context for antibodies (literature/general)

• In pharmaceutical development, antibodies are stabilized with excipients (e.g., histidine or phosphate buffers, sugars like trehalose/sucrose, polysorbates) and packaged to mitigate aggregation and surface adsorption. Carrier-free research antibodies omit carrier proteins to enable downstream modifications and analytics.
• For assay reagent manufacturing (RUO/IVD development stages), carrier-free antibodies facilitate controlled conjugation to enzymes, fluorophores, beads, or surfaces with minimal background from protein additives.

Regulatory note

• No pharmacopeial monograph or GMP status is claimed for this SKU. Any use in regulated workflows would require independent qualification and method validation. Item-specific excipients, endotoxin, and bioburden levels are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Physical Properties

Item-specific data for this antibody

• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Concentration: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Buffer composition: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. (Carrier-free indicates no added stabilizer proteins.)
• pH, osmolality, and preservatives: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General notes for antibody reagents (literature/general)

• Protein antibodies are water-soluble macromolecules; solution behavior is governed by buffer pH/ionic strength rather than classical solvent properties like boiling point or logP.
• Stability is influenced by freeze–thaw cycles, temperature, and presence/absence of stabilizers (e.g., glycerol, trehalose, carrier proteins). Carrier-free formulations may be more sensitive to handling but are optimal for conjugation and cell-based assays requiring minimal excipients.
• Typical storage for many research antibodies is −20 to −80°C (short-term 2–8°C once diluted), but always follow item-specific guidance. For this item: Store at −20°C; avoid repeated freezing and thawing (per Product Data).

Do not use the above general properties as specifications. For authoritative values and lot-specific details (e.g., concentration, preservative, pH), consult the CoA/Spec Sheet.

Quality and Grades

Item-specific quality designations

• Grade/Purity: Carrier Free, ExactAb™, Validated (per Product Data).

What these mean (general/typical interpretations; not a substitute for item specifications)

• Carrier Free: Formulated without carrier proteins (e.g., BSA) or gelatin. Advantages include cleaner backgrounds in cell-based assays, compatibility with labeling chemistries (e.g., NHS ester conjugation), mass spectrometry, and sensitive biophysical analyses. Tradeoff: may require careful handling and stabilization after aliquoting to minimize adsorption/aggregation.
• ExactAb™: Branded line designation indicating a defined, consistent antibody format and manufacturing controls. Typical emphasis includes sequence-defined or clonally consistent production with batch-to-batch reproducibility. Consult the CoA for exact format, clonality, and sequence status for this SKU.
• Validated: Indicates the antibody has undergone internal validation. However, specific validated applications (e.g., WB, IHC, IF) and species cross-reactivity are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Recommended quality practices

• Request the lot-specific CoA for concentration, purity method (e.g., SEC/HPLC, SDS-PAGE), endotoxin level (if applicable), and residual host cell protein/DNA where relevant.
• On receipt, inspect for integrity (no leakage/precipitate), record lot and concentration, and create single-use aliquots to preserve performance across experiments.

Reaction and Applications

As an antibody reagent, this product is used in immunoassays rather than chemical reactions.

Typical research applications for anti-VGF antibodies (general, literature)

• Immunoblotting (WB) to detect VGF precursor and processed peptides in neuronal and endocrine lysates; consider gel percentage and transfer conditions optimized for the target’s apparent molecular masses.
• Immunohistochemistry/Immunofluorescence (IHC/IF) for mapping VGF expression in brain regions, pituitary, and peripheral tissues; antigen retrieval conditions may influence peptide epitope exposure.
• ELISA and bead-based assays for relative quantification of VGF-derived peptides in biological fluids and extracts; ensure standards correspond to the recognized epitope.
• Immunoprecipitation (IP) for enrichment of VGF and associated peptide fragments prior to LC–MS identification; use carrier-free antibody to avoid protein contaminants.

Item-specific validated applications and reactivity for this SKU are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. Implement appropriate positive/negative controls (e.g., tissue known for high/low VGF expression, peptide blocking where applicable).

Reaction Conditions

Classical reaction conditions are not applicable to antibodies. For conjugation workflows (general, literature):

• NHS–ester labeling: Perform in amine-free buffer (e.g., PBS or bicarbonate, pH 8.3–8.5) at 4–25°C for 30–120 min; quench with Tris or ethanolamine. Remove excess reagent by desalting/SEC.
• Maleimide–thiol coupling: Reduce interchain disulfides selectively (mild TCEP) or introduce sulfhydryls (Traut’s reagent); couple at pH 6.5–7.0, 4–25°C. Avoid high maleimide excess to limit over-modification.
• Click chemistry: Azide–alkyne (SPAAC or CuAAC) after installing handles by NHS/SMCC derivatives; maintain gentle conditions to preserve activity.

These are general literature guidelines only. Item-specific buffer composition, concentration, and stabilizers for this SKU are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Safety and Handling

Item-specific safety information

• GHS classification, signal word, pictograms, and H-statements: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• Research use: For research use only (per Product Data). Not for diagnostic or therapeutic use.
• Storage conditions: Store at −20°C. Avoid repeated freezing and thawing (per Product Data).

General laboratory precautions for protein antibodies (literature/general)

• PPE: Lab coat, safety glasses, and disposable nitrile gloves are recommended when handling biological protein reagents.
• Avoid aerosol generation and prevent microbial contamination by using sterile, low-protein-binding tips/tubes when aseptic handling is needed.
• Incompatibilities: Avoid strong oxidizers and extreme pH; denaturants (e.g., 6 M guanidinium, 8 M urea), high shear, and multiple freeze–thaw cycles can degrade or aggregate antibodies.
• First aid (general): If skin/eye contact occurs, rinse with water for at least 15 minutes; if inhaled, move to fresh air; if ingested, rinse mouth. Seek medical attention if symptoms persist. Defer to SDS for authoritative guidance.
• Waste: Dispose of unused material and consumables as laboratory biological/chemical waste in accordance with institutional and local regulations.

Shipping

• Shipped in an ice chest with ice pads (per Product Data) to maintain a cold chain during transit.

Solvent Selection

This product is a protein antibody reagent. Classical organic solvent selection (e.g., polarity index, dielectric constant) is not typically applicable.

Practical guidance (general)

• Aqueous buffers are used for dilution and assays. Composition for this specific item is Not specified; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• For carrier-free antibodies, choose low-excipient buffers compatible with the intended application (e.g., PBS or HEPES, pH 7.2–7.5) and with conjugation chemistries if labeling.
• Avoid organic solvents that denature proteins (e.g., >20% acetonitrile, methanol) unless specifically required for certain immobilization procedures.
• Use low-protein-binding plastics and pre-chilled buffers to minimize adsorption and degradation.

If you require classical solvent properties for sample preparation or membrane permeabilization, select those based on your downstream assay, not on the antibody itself, and validate that residual solvent does not impair antigen–antibody binding.

Storage and Reconstitution

Item-specific instructions

• Storage: Store at −20°C (per Product Data). Avoid repeated freezing and thawing.
• Shipping: Shipped in an ice chest with ice pads (per Product Data).
• Reconstitution: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. If the product is supplied lyophilized, consult the label/CoA for the recommended diluent and target concentration.

General guidance for carrier-free antibodies (literature/general)

• On receipt, briefly centrifuge vials to collect contents before opening.
• If liquid: Prepare single-use aliquots in sterile, low-protein-binding tubes; optionally add sterile glycerol to aliquots destined for −20°C storage if compatible with your application. Minimize headspace to reduce adsorption.
• If lyophilized: Reconstitute with sterile buffer (commonly PBS or water, pH ~7.2–7.5) to the desired concentration; allow gentle mixing without vortexing to prevent aggregation. Let sit on ice for full dissolution.
• Storage after dilution: Keep at 2–8°C for short-term (hours–days). For longer-term storage, freeze at −20°C to −80°C. Avoid more than one freeze–thaw cycle by using aliquots.
• Always verify lot-specific concentration, buffer, and preservative information on the CoA/Spec Sheet before use.

Structure and Identity

Item-specific identifiers (antibody reagent)

• SKU: Ab134144
• Product Name: VGF Antibody
• Category: 抗体 (research reagent)

Item-specific chemical identifiers

• Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• SMILES: Not applicable for protein antibodies.
• InChIKey: Not applicable for protein antibodies.
• CAS/CID: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Structural features (general, literature)

• Antibodies are Y‑shaped immunoglobulin proteins composed of two heavy chains and two light chains linked by disulfide bonds, with variable domains forming the antigen-binding sites (paratopes).
• The “VGF Antibody” is expected to bind epitopes within the VGF neuropeptide precursor protein; epitope, isotype, and clonality are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Carrier-free formulation indicates the absence of stabilizing carrier proteins (e.g., BSA) in the final preparation for conjugation-sensitive applications.

Target overview (general, literature)

• VGF (non-acronymic) encodes a secreted, neuron- and endocrine-enriched precursor protein cleaved into multiple bioactive peptides implicated in synaptic plasticity and energy homeostasis.

Synthetic Utility

Not typically applicable. This item is a biological antibody reagent rather than a small-molecule building block or catalyst.

If used in conjugation chemistry (general)

• Carrier-free format is suitable for covalent labeling via lysine (NHS esters), cysteine (maleimides), or carbohydrate (oxidation then oxime/hydrazone) strategies.
• Control degree of labeling (DOL) to preserve antigen binding; desalting and buffer exchange (amine-free buffers such as PBS without Tris for NHS chemistry) may be required.

Item-specific reactivity details (e.g., free sulfhydryl content, buffer composition) are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Target Specificity

Only include target, epitope, species reactivity, clonality, isotype, and cross-reactivity when provided in Product Data.

For this SKU (Ab134144):

• Target antigen: VGF (general product name indicates this, but detailed epitope mapping is Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.)
• Epitope: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Species reactivity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Clonality and isotype: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Validated cross-reactivity/competition: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Häufig gestellte Fragen

What does ExactAb? mean?

ExactAb? indicates the product has been validated for use in rigorous antibody validation workflows. Validation may include positive/negative control samples, signal-to-noise testing, and protocol-specific QC. Lot-specific test data is published on the Certificate of Analysis where available.

What does Carrier Free mean?

Carrier Free indicates that the material has been processed and tested for specialty industrial processing. Specifications focus on the impurities that affect performance in that application — for example, metal content for electronics, particle size for batteries, refractive index for optics, or moisture content for moisture-sensitive processes.

How should this product be stored?

Store at ?20 °C. Avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles. Aliquot into single-use volumes before freezing.

How is this product shipped?

This product ships in an insulated container with ice pads. Unpack on arrival and transfer it to the storage condition stated above.

What documentation is provided?

Available product documentation, including Certificates of Analysis (COA), Safety Data Sheets (SDS), and specification sheets, is shown in the product document area. Document availability and access follow the current site policy.

Which species reactivity has this antibody been validated against?

Validated reactivity is listed on the PDP and on each lot's datasheet. We validate against the most commonly tested species for the target (VGF Antibody); cross-reactivity in untested species may exist but is not guaranteed. Contact technical support for specific species inquiries.