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Laboratory Protocols & SOPs Library

3,200+ step-by-step lab protocols and SOPs for cell culture, staining, PCR, protein work and microbiology, with reagents, conditions and evaluation criteria.

3228 articles
Laboratory Protocols & SOPs Library

Azide-Alkyne Click Chemistry

Classic Click Chemistry uses copper, Cu(I), to catalyze the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of an alkyne with an azide to form a 1,2,3-triazole.1,2 Sources of Cu(I) include copper(I) iodide, copper(I) bromide, copper turnings, or copper (II) sulfate (CuSO4) and a reducing agent.1 However, the ...

2025-06-10 03:35:02 Updated
Laboratory Protocols & SOPs Library

Bioorthogonal Chemistry

Bioorthogonal chemistry is a set of reactions that can take place in biological environments without affecting biomolecules or interfering with biochemical processes. For this purpose, the reaction must meet the following requirements: fast, efficient, and specific

2025-06-10 03:35:02 Updated
Laboratory Protocols & SOPs Library

Silica Nanoparticles Surface Modification

To a TEOS (2.5 mL) solution in 115 mL of dried ethanol, 3.75 mL of aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution (14.6 M) and 3.75 mL of water were added while stirring. After 12 h of stirring, silica nanoparticles were isolated by centrifugation at a speed of 15,000 rpm and the supernatant ...

2025-06-10 03:35:01 Updated
Laboratory Protocols & SOPs Library

PEGylated Nanoparticles 101

PEGylated nanoparticles are powerful new synthetic tools with differing properties to their nanoparticle precursors. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) can be coated around nanoparticles to alter their properties and offer fascinating new biomedical applications. In particular, the bioconjugation of ...

2025-06-10 03:35:01 Updated
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