Acetyl-Coa

Microorganisms can rapidly release excess carbon and generate ATP through acetate-producing pathways, while also activating extracellular acetate into acetyl-CoA. Phosphotransacetylase, acetate kinase, and acetyl-CoA synthetase jointly regulate acetate production, reutilization, and the ...

Pyruvate is a key metabolic node at the end of glycolysis. Depending on redox status, oxygen availability, cell type, and metabolic demand, pyruvate can enter different metabolic branches. PDC, LDH, and PDH respectively represent three typical routes from pyruvate toward ethanol fermentation, ...

Acetyl-group metabolism lies at the intersection of central carbon metabolism, lipid synthesis, post-translational protein modification, and epigenetic regulation. Interconversion among acetyl-CoA, acetate, citrate, and multiple acyl intermediates not only determines the direction of carbon-flux ...