proteasome

The endoplasmic reticulum maintains protein homeostasis through molecular chaperones, endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation, and endoplasmic reticulum-selective autophagy. Abnormal proteins that can be unfolded are mainly retrotranslocated through ERAD and degraded by the proteasome, ...

The proteolytic enzyme network in cell injury involves calpains, caspases, cathepsins, MMP/ADAM family proteases, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Different proteolytic enzymes correspond to Ca²⁺ overload, apoptotic execution, lysosomal injury, extracellular matrix remodeling, and ...

Ubiquitination is a highly complex type of post-translational modification. Through the coordinated action of ubiquitin molecules, ubiquitin chain structures, the E1-E2-E3 enzymatic cascade, and deubiquitinating enzymes, this system regulates substrate protein stability, subcellular ...