Techniques for detecting, quantifying and localizing antigens and antibodies — ELISA, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Below are the protocols, FAQs and technical articles in our knowledge base tagged with this topic.
The glucose oxidase method, glucose dehydrogenase method, and hexokinase method can all be used for glucose quantification, but they differ markedly in reaction principle, readout mode, interference profile, and platform compatibility. Method selection should be based on sample type, detection ...
After glucose enters cells, it can be converted into pyruvate and lactate through glycolysis, or it can enter the pentose phosphate pathway to generate NADPH and ribose phosphate. HK, PGI, PFK, and G6PDH correspond respectively to glucose phosphorylation after uptake, G6P/F6P interconversion, ...
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) is a key enzyme family involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, NADPH supply, α-ketoglutarate generation, and cellular redox homeostasis. In mammalian cells, the major isoenzymes include IDH1, IDH2, and IDH3. IDH1 and IDH2 are NADP⁺-dependent enzymes and are ...
Intracellular electron transfer is not confined to the mitochondrial respiratory chain, but rather spans a continuous network involving glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acid oxidation, amino acid catabolism, oxidative folding in the endoplasmic reticulum, oxidative metabolism in ...
Cellular metabolic enzymes are not merely responsible for the chemical conversion of “substrate to product”; they form a highly coupled functional system spanning energy supply, redox homeostasis, and signal transduction.
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the key rate-limiting enzyme of the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). It catalyzes the oxidation of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) to 6-phosphoglucono-δ-lactone while reducing NADP⁺ to NADPH. NADPH is pivotal for antioxidant ...
Diaphorase denotes a class of NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductase activity systems that catalyze hydride or electron transfer from NADH or NADPH to exogenous electron acceptors, thereby channeling cellular reducing equivalents to reporter molecules. Diaphorase-based reactions provide methodological ...
Coenzymes—enzymes’ indispensable partners and the behind-the-scenes drivers of biochemical reactions.
Dehydrogenases function as enzymes responsible for oxidizing and reducing carbonyl groups, particularly alcohols. These enzymes primarily rely on NAD(P)H for their activity. In the reduction process of aldehydes and ketones, baker yeast is frequently employed.
Techniques often explored alongside immunological experiments.
