Gemcitabine (LY-188011) - Moligand™, 10mM in DMSO , Inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit M1;Inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2, CAS No.95058-81-4, Inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit M1;Inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2

CAS: 95058-81-4 Cat. No.: G408851 Peso molecular: 263.2 Número EC: 619-100-6

GRADE & PURITY Moligand™, 10mM in DMSO

Synonyms

NSC 613327 | 2'-​deoxy-​2',​2'-​difluoro-cytidine

Storage

Store at -80°C

Shipped In

Dry ice packs + Cold packs

Descripción general

Information

Gemcitabine (LY-188011) Gemcitabine (LY-188011, NSC 613327), a nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor, is a very potent and specific deoxycytidine analogue, used as chemotherapy. Gemcitabine induces a potent p53-dependent apoptosis .
In vitro

Gemcitabine results in 50% inhibition of growth in the CCRF-CEM human leukemia cell culture assay with IC50 of 1 ng/ml. Gemcitabine combined with deoxycytidine provides about a 1000-fold decrease in biological activity. Gemcitabine combined with C225 results in additive cytotoxic effects that increased with increasing gemcitabine concentrations in human pancreatic carcinoma L3.6pl cells. Gemcitabine combined with Cisplatin results in synergistic effect in wild-type A2780 and cisplatin-resistant ADDP cells.

In vivo

Gemcitabine combined with C225 results in growth inhibition, tumor regression, and abrogation of metastasis in L3.6pl tumors established in the pancreas of nude mice. Gemcitabine treatment alone reduces median tumor volume from 538 to 152 mm³. Gemcitabine reduces the production of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin 8 in gemcitabine-treated tumors. Gemcitabine is able to dramatically and specifically reduces the number of myeloid suppressor cells found in the spleens of animals bearing large tumors with no significant reductions in CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, NK cells, macrophages, or B cells. Gemcitabine combined with curcumin shows significant reductions in volume (P = 0.008 versus control; P = 0.036 versus gemcitabine alone), Ki-67 proliferation index (P = 0.030 versus control), NF-kappaB activation, and expression of NF-kappaB-regulated gene products (cyclin D1, c-myc, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein-1, cyclooxygenase-2, matrix metalloproteinase, and vascular endothelial growth factor) compared with tumors from control mice treated with olive oil only. Gemcitabine combined with Curcumin is also highly effective in suppressing angiogenesis as indicated by a decrease in CD31(+) microvessel density.
Cell Data

cell lines：

Concentrations：

Incubation Time：

Powder Purity:≥99%

Specifications

Sinónimos

NSC 613327 | 2'-​deoxy-​2', ​2'-​difluoro-cytidine

Especificaciones y pureza

Moligand™, 10mM in DMSO

Mecanismos bioquímicos y fisiológicos

Gemcitabine (LY-188011, NSC 613327), a nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor, is a very potent and specific deoxycytidine analogue, used as chemotherapy. Gemcitabine induces a potent p53-dependent apoptosis.

Condiciones de almacenamiento de almacenamiento

Store at -80°C

Enviado en

Dry ice packs + Cold packs

Este producto requiere envío en cadena de frío. Los servicios terrestres y otros servicios económicos no están disponibles.

Grado

Moligand™

Tipo de acción

INHIBITOR

Mecanismo de acción

Inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit M1;Inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2

Nombres e identificadores

• Isómeros SMILES: C1=CN(C(=O)N=C1N)[C@H]2C([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)(F)F
• CAS alternativo: 122111-03-9
• Peso molecular: 263.2
• Reaxy-Rn: 11499718
• Reaxys-RN_link_address: https://www.reaxys.com/reaxys/secured/hopinto.do?context=S&query=IDE.XRN=11499718&ln=

Objetivos asociados (humanos)

SLC29A1 Tclin Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (0 Activities)

Discover Target: SLC29A1

Activity Type	Activity Value -log(M)	Mechanism of Action	Activity Reference	Publications (PubMed IDs)

Propiedades químicas y físicas

• Rotación específica [α]: 74° (C=1,MeOH)
• Punto de fusión (°C): 217-222°C

Referencias

1. Haiyu Zhao, Wenxiao Li, Xuan Li, Zhiyu Kuang, Shengyao Xu, Zhenzhen Zhao, Jin Sun, Zhonggui He, Chunwang Fu, Yixin Sun, Bingjun Sun.  (2025)  Binding affinity and binding sites to albumin reshape efficacy of gemcitabine prodrugs.  Cell Reports Physical Science,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.xcrp.2025.102775]

2. Heng Zhang, Yiping Yang, Shengchao Yang, Yuchang Qin, Xuan Lv, Lin Cui, Wei Jia, Zhiyong Liu.  (2025)  NIR Responsive Polymeric Prodrug Micelles ZnPc@P(PEG-CMA-TKGEM) for Combating Gemcitabine Drug Delivery in Anticancer Chemotherapy.  Materials,  18  (17): (4165).  [PMID:40942591] [10.3390/ma18174165]

3. Dongchao Xu, Ajuan Liu, Qiang Liu, Hongchen Zhang, Mengyao Tian, Ying Bian, Xiaofeng Zhang, Meidan Ying, Hongzhang Shen.  (2023)  Cucurbitacin C suppresses the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma via inhibition of the cGMP-PKG-VASP axis.  BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY,      [PMID:37717690] [10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115810]

4. Yifan Luo, Chao Li, Yiwen Zhang, Peixin Liu, Hongyi Chen, Zhenhao Zhao, Yu Wang, Zheng Zhou, Haolin Song, Boyu Su, Chufeng Li, Xuwen Li, Tongyu Zhang, Haoyu You, Yuxing Wu, Zonghua Tian, Shilin Zhang, Yun Guo, Hongrui Fan, Qinjun Chen, Chen Jiang, Tao Sun.  (2023)  Gradient tumor microenvironment-promoted penetrating micelles for hypoxia relief and immunosuppression reversion in pancreatic cancer treatment.  Acta Biomaterialia,      [PMID:37276955] [10.1016/j.actbio.2023.05.047]

5. Nan Zhang, Junwei Zhang, Weiqi Cui, Deqiao Wu, Jingxian Zhang, Bo Wei, Lingbo Qu, Xia Xu.  (2023)  Artemisia argyi H.Lév. & Vaniot essential oil induces ferroptosis in pancreatic cancer cells via up-regulation of TFR1 and depletion of γ-glutamyl cycle.  FITOTERAPIA,      [PMID:37169131] [10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105522]

6. Zhuo Yao, Qida Hu, Piaopiao Jin, Bowen Li, Yong Huang, Fu Zhang, Meng Wang, Junming Huang, Jing Huang, Shiyi Shao, Xinyu Zhao, Yuan Ping, Tingbo Liang.  (2023)  A Self-Assembly Combined Nano-Prodrug to Overcome Gemcitabine Chemo-Resistance of Pancreatic Tumors.  ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS,      [PMID:] [10.1002/adfm.202214598]

7. Fu Zhang, Zhuo Yao, Piaopiao Jin, Mengqiu Xu, Qida Hu, Yuxuan Chen, Risheng Que, Tingbo Liang.  (2023)  A tumor microenvironment-stimuli responsive nano-prodrug for overcoming gemcitabine chemoresistance by co-delivered miRNA-21 modulator.  Biomedical Materials,  18  (3): (035010).  [PMID:36990101] [10.1088/1748-605X/acc8ac]

8. Fu Zhang, Qida Hu, Bowen Li, Yong Huang, Meng Wang, Shiyi Shao, Honglin Tang, Zhuo Yao, Yuan Ping, Tingbo Liang.  (2023)  A biomimetic nanodrug for enhanced chemotherapy of pancreatic tumors.  JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE,      [PMID:36627026] [10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.007]

9. Hao Chi, Sheng Tian, Xiu Li, Yuchu Chen, Qiumin Xu, Qixiao Wang, Wenwan Shi, Michael Adu-Frimpong, Shanshan Tong.  (2023)  Construction of lipid raft-coupled agarose gels as bioaffinity chromatography materials and validation with tropomyosin-related kinase A-targeted drugs.  JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A,      [PMID:36731332] [10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463803]

10. Yaowei Guo, Jin Liu, Qinglin Tang, Cuicui Li, Yanying Zhang, Yao Wang, Yanxin Wang, Yupeng Bi, Christopher D. Snow, Matt J. Kipper, Laurence A. Belfiore, Jianguo Tang.  (2022)  Lanthanide (Eu3+/Tb3+)-Loaded γ-Cyclodextrin Nano-Aggregates for Smart Sensing of the Anticancer Drug Irinotecan.  INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES,  23  (12): (6597).  [PMID:35743042] [10.3390/ijms23126597]

11. Yuting Zhu, Shanhao Han, Jianhui Li, Hongwei Gao, Bo Dong.  (2022)  Aqueous Extract of Sea Squirt (Halocynthia roretzi) with Potent Activity against Human Cancer Cells Acts Synergistically with Doxorubicin.  Marine Drugs,  20  (5): (284).  [PMID:35621935] [10.3390/md20050284]

12. Chen Ting-ting, Yuan Ming-ming, Tao Yu-mei, Ren Xiao-yan, Li Sufen.  (2021)  Engineering of Self-assembly Polymers Encapsulated with Dual Anticancer Drugs for the Treatment of Endometrial Cancer.  JOURNAL OF CLUSTER SCIENCE,  33  (6): (2661-2671).  [PMID:] [10.1007/s10876-021-02175-5]

13. Yingjie Kong, Yeneng Dai, Dashan Qi, Wenyu Du, Haiyang Ni, Fan Zhang, Honghai Zhao, Qingming Shen, Meixing Li, Quli Fan.  (2021)  Injectable and Thermosensitive Liposomal Hydrogels for NIR-II Light-Triggered Photothermal-Chemo Therapy of Pancreatic Cancer.  ACS Applied Bio Materials,      [PMID:35006703] [10.1021/acsabm.1c00864]

14. Xiaoyu Xu, Zishan Zeng, Xin Ding, Ting Shan, Qiuxing Liu, Meixu Chen, Jie Chen, Meng Xia, Yuanfeng He, Zeqian Huang, Yanjuan Huang, Chunshun Zhao.  (2021)  Reactive oxygen species-activatable self-amplifying Watson-Crick base pairing-inspired supramolecular nanoprodrug for tumor-specific therapy.  BIOMATERIALS,      [PMID:34537502] [10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121128]

15. Cui Jing, Guo Yao, Wu Heshui, Xiong Jiongxin, Peng Tao.  (2021)  Everolimus regulates the activity of gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells by targeting the Warburg effect via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling.  MOLECULAR MEDICINE,  27  (1): (1-16).  [PMID:33849427] [10.1186/s10020-021-00300-8]

16. Feng Fan, Lijun Jin, Lihua Yang.  (2021)  pH-Sensitive Nanoparticles Composed Solely of Membrane-Disruptive Macromolecules for Treating Pancreatic Cancer.  ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,      [PMID:33689289] [10.1021/acsami.0c16576]

17. Xin Zhang, Jiapeng Xu, Ronglin Yan, Yu Zhang, Zunqi Hu, Hongbing Fu, Qing You, Qingping Cai, Dejun Yang.  (2020)  FAM84B, amplified in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, promotes tumorigenesis through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.  Aging-US,      [PMID:32291380] [10.18632/aging.103044]

18. Jing Dai, Yiqun Wang, Dinghao Wu, Fengju Wan, Yi Lu, Na Kong, Xiuchun Li, Jinkang Gong, Shengjie Ling, Yuan Yao.  (2020)  Biointerface mediates cytoskeletal rearrangement of pancreatic cancer cell and modulates its drug sensitivity.  Colloid and Interface Science Communications,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.colcom.2020.100250]

19. Yan Liang, Jing Zhang, Baocheng Tian, Zimei Wu, Darren Svirskis, Jingtian Han.  (2020)  A NAG-Guided Nano-Delivery System for Redox- and pH-Triggered Intracellularly Sequential Drug Release in Cancer Cells.  International Journal of Nanomedicine,      [PMID:32103941] [10.2147/IJN.S226249]

20. Lin Xiao-mian, Luo Wu, Wang Heng, Li Rong-zhen, Huang Yi-shan, Chen Lian-kuai, Wu Xiao-ping.  (2019)  The Role of Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase-2 in Chemoresistance of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.  Frontiers in Pharmacology,      [PMID:31440159] [10.3389/fphar.2019.00836]

21. Liu Yue, Lu Shan, Zhao Liang, Dong Xin, Zhu Zhenyu, Jin Yongsheng, Chen Haisheng, Lu Feng, Hong Zhanying, Chai Yifeng.  (2018)  Effects of glaucocalyxin A on human liver cancer cells as revealed by GC/MS- and LC/MS-based metabolic profiling.  ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY,  410  (14): (3325-3335).  [PMID:29651531] [10.1007/s00216-018-0996-8]

22. Tingyu Yu, Jiao Lin, Jin Zhao, Wei Huang, Lingwen Zeng, Zhiyuan Fang, Ning Xu.  (2017)  A simple in vitro tumor chemosensitivity assay based on cell penetrating peptide tagged luciferase.  PLoS One,  12  (11): (e0186184).  [PMID:29125836] [10.1371/journal.pone.0186184]

23. Peng-fei Liu, Yan-wei Cao, Shu-dong Zhang, Yang Zhao, Xiao-guang Liu, Hao-qing Shi, Ke-yao Hu, Guan-qun Zhu, Bo Ma, Hai-tao Niu.  (2015)  A bladder cancer microenvironment simulation system based on a microfluidic co-culture model.  Oncotarget,      [PMID:26462177] [10.18632/oncotarget.6070]

24. Hong Jiawei, Xian Shiyun, Zheng Shusen, Wang Hangxiang, Jiang Donghai.  (2024)  Addressing chemoresistance with a lipid gemcitabine nanotherapeutic strategy for effective treatment of pancreatic cancer.  Nano Research,      [PMID:] [10.1007/s12274-024-6860-6]

25. Zheng Rongji, Guan Tian, Hong Chaoqun, Yao Yao, Fang Yutong, Huang Wei, Chen Chunfa, Zeng Huancheng, Huang Jiman, Lin Hui, Chen Bingfeng, Zhang Rendong, Chen Dongmei, Ding Zhechun, Zeng Haoyu, Wu Jundong.  (2024)  C188-9 reduces patient-specific primary breast cancer cells proliferation at the low, clinic-relevant concentration.  Journal of Translational Medicine,  22  (1): (1-9).  [PMID:39174945] [10.1186/s12967-024-05542-8]

26. Qida Hu, Fu Zhang, Bowen Li, Piaopiao Jin, Junming Huang, Zhuo Yao, Xinyu Zhao, Shiyi Shao, Meng Wang, Yuan Ping, Tingbo Liang.  (2025)  Engineered a Gemcitabine Nano-Prodrug Targeting Desmoplastic Pancreatic Tumor with Dual Enhancement of Penetration Dynamics.  Small,      [PMID:40007057] [10.1002/smll.202410629]

27. Yuanxin Pian, Yan Hao, Yuxin Guo, Shiqi Wu, Saijiao Tang, Jiaqi Li, Xinya Lu, Xiaoya Sun, Zhaowen Tan, Tianyu Zhu, Yuxiang Tang, Defeng Xu, Hang Hu.  (2025)  Exploration of using α-crocin for drug encapsulation and delivery.  JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106716]

28. Wen Pan, Yangyi Wang, Shaomin Tian, Xiaopeng Ma, Yuanzeng Min.  (2024)  Gemcitabine Resistant Triple Negative Breast Tumor Derived Mesoporous Silicon Nanovaccine Overcame Drug Resistance.  ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS,      [PMID:] [10.1002/adfm.202405773]

29. Qinglian Hu, Jiayu Feng, Lulu Qi, Yuanxiang Jin.  (2024)  Stromal Reprogramming Optimizes KRAS-Specific Chemotherapy Inducing Antitumor Immunity in Pancreatic Cancer.  ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,      [PMID:39480275] [10.1021/acsami.4c10404]

30. Lihong Chen, Zijia Zhao, Rominah Onintsoa Diarimalala, Zhongwei Chen, Yu Wang, Taozhu Zhan, Yanchao Zhao, Chunhui Ma, Xingyue Wang, Chenqi Zhao, Zicheng Xiao, Kanghong Hu, Pingfan Wu.  (2024)  Tris-functionalized polyoxotungstovanadate-mediated antitumor efficacy involves multiple cell death pathways.  CHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY,      [PMID:38369765] [10.1002/cbdv.202301898]

31. Hongzi Wu, Bowen Li, Jichun Shao, Qingquan Kong.  (2024)  Tumor-oriented and chemo-photothermal nanoplatform capable of sensitizing chemotherapy and ferroptosis against osteosarcoma metastasis.  INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES,      [PMID:38729498] [10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132019]

32. Rong Wang, Ke Wang, Zhuolin Li, Haoping Long, Dongyu Zhang, Yanting Li, Zhuolu Xia, Xindong Guo, Wei Chen, Feng Cao, Feng Jiang.  (2025)  Blood–Brain Barrier-Permeable, Reactive Oxygen Species-Producing, and Mitochondria-Targeting Nanosystem Amplifies Glioblastoma Therapy.  ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,      [PMID:40289326] [10.1021/acsami.5c02384]

33. Xinshi Huang, Zhengde Wen, Huajie Cai, Dinglai Yu.  (2025)  The role of quercetin in modulating lipid metabolism and enhancing chemotherapy via the STAT3-CPT1B pathway in pancreatic cancer.  BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS,      [PMID:40412371] [10.1016/j.bbrc.2025.152033]

34. Chengxun Li, Fei Chen, Jianing Wu, Jun Ren, Yingzhu Li, Shengjie Li, Zuguang Xia.  (2025)  Antibody-DNA nanostructure conjugates exhibit inhibited effects on CT26 cells and prevent upregulation of PD-1 in the tumor microenvironment.  INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES,      [PMID:41046886] [10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148101]

35. Chen Biqing, Gao Jiayin, Sun Haizhu, Zhao Yinghan, Liu Yan, Lv Xinpeng, Qiu Xiaohong, Li Yang.  (2025)  Application of surface-enhanced Raman scattering combined with artificial intelligence for multiplex detection of chemotherapeutic agents used in solid tumors.  ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY,      [PMID:41324706] [10.1007/s00216-025-06241-z]

36. Sai-Nan Qin, Yi-Xue Zhang, Yi-Jie Cao, Ting Wan, Yi-Yang Zhou, Shan-Shan Su, Yu-Qiong Guo, Jian-Jun Sun, Kalle Salminen.  (2026)  A self-assembled electrochemical aptasensor for one-step rapid detection of cisplatin in blood via aptamer conformational change.  MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.microc.2026.116962]

37. Jiaming Zhang, Xinyu Lou, Xiaolan Xu, Yingchao Li, Chenxia Bai, Qing Yan, Yanfang Wang, Yixiu Zhai, Jingdong Xiao, Mengchi Sun, Yinghou Wang, Jin Sun, Tianhong Zhang, Qikun Jiang.  (2026)  Localized chemotherapy through metabolic stabilization and in situ gelation for ratio-locked delivery to maximize cytotoxicity and trigger immune responses.  CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.cej.2026.174133]

38. Yunfan Li, Kaiwen Bao, Renzheng Huan, Tian Wang, Ya Wang, Shuai Wu, Xin Chen, Jiashang Huang, Li Zhu, Jianshu Li, Haifeng Yang, Wei Wu.  (2026)  RAP-peptide functionalized biomimetic nanoformulation with pathological ROS/pH-responsive drug release for target immunotherapy in glioma.  JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY,      [PMID:41654805] [10.1186/s12951-026-04055-4]