CuInS Quantum Dots - fluorescence λem 590 nm,12μmol/L in Cyclohexane

Cat. No.: C139652

QUALITÄT & REINHEIT fluorescence λem 590 nm,12μmol/L in Cyclohexane

Storage

Store at 2-8°C

Shipped In

Wet ice

Spezifikationen

Spezifikationen & Reinheit

fluorescence λem 590 nm,12μmol/L in Cyclohexane

Storage

Store at 2-8°C

Verschickt in

Wet ice

Dieses Produkt erfordert Kühlkettenversand. Grundversand und andere Economy-Optionen sind nicht verfügbar.

Chemische und physikalische Eigenschaften

• Empfindlichkeit: Light sensitive

Application Protocols

No vendor-validated biological assay protocols are provided for this item. Item-specific recommendations such as working concentration, solvent/vehicle, filtration, or film-casting parameters are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General starting points (literature/practice):

• Optical characterization: record absorbance (quartz cuvette) and photoluminescence spectra immediately after dilution to your working solvent; avoid concentrations that cause self‑absorption or inner‑filter effects.
• Thin films: filter dispersions (0.2 µm PTFE for nonpolar media) before coating; optimize spin speed and baking to balance film uniformity and PL retention.
• Aqueous work: after ligand exchange, dialyze or apply multiple precipitation/redispersion cycles to remove excess ligands and salts; confirm hydrodynamic size by DLS and zeta potential.
• Storage aliquots: prepare small, single‑use aliquots to minimize photodegradation and contamination.

For application‑specific SOPs, validate conditions empirically with your exact lot.

Biological Roles

CuInS Quantum Dots are synthetic inorganic nanomaterials and do not possess intrinsic biological roles or metabolic functions.

Research-use context (literature/general):

• Fluorescent labels: when rendered water-dispersible and bioconjugated, CuInS QDs can serve as photostable probes in cell and tissue imaging, typically emitting from green to NIR. Large Stokes shifts reduce bleed‑through in multicolor experiments.
• Biosensing: surface chemistry enables interaction with analytes (e.g., thiols, metal ions), modulating photoluminescence via charge/energy transfer.
• Phototherapeutic research: investigated as photosensitizers in vitro for ROS generation under light; strictly research use only, no clinical claims.

Practical notes

• Surface coating dictates biocompatibility and colloidal stability in buffers/serum. Avoid high ionic strength and multivalent cations unless particle charge is balanced to prevent aggregation.
• Validate cytotoxicity and uptake for each formulation; properties vary strongly with ligand/shell and dose. Follow institutional biosafety protocols.

Item-specific bioconjugation, ligand identity, and dispersibility are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Buffer Applications

This product is a semiconductor nanocrystal, not a buffering agent. It does not establish defined pH ranges or buffering capacity.

For users preparing aqueous dispersions (general guidance):

• Use low-ionic-strength buffers (e.g., 1–10 mM phosphate or HEPES, pH 6.8–7.8) to minimize aggregation after hydrophilic ligand exchange; screen ionic strength and pH empirically for each surface chemistry.
• Additives such as small amounts of nonionic surfactant or PEGylated ligands can improve colloidal stability. Avoid chelators that may strip surface metal ions unless intended.

Item-specific recommendations are Not specified for this item; confirm compatibility with your particular QD surface chemistry.

Green Alternatives

Perspective on material choice (literature): CuInS-based QDs are often selected as “heavy‑metal‑reduced” alternatives to cadmium- or lead‑based QDs. While they still contain indium and copper, they avoid Cd/Pb and can reduce certain regulatory burdens in consumer applications.

Comparison (general):

• Materials profile

  • CuInS2 (CIS/CuInS QDs): Cd/Pb‑free; broad emission; large Stokes shift; moderate PLQY improved by ZnS shelling.
  • CdSe/ZnS QDs: high PLQY and narrow FWHM; contain cadmium (RoHS‑restricted in many contexts).
  • InP/ZnSeS QDs: Cd/Pb‑free; increasingly high PLQY with careful shelling; require phosphorus precursors and rigorous processing.

• Process considerations

  • Solvent systems can be greener by adopting anisole, 2‑MeTHF, or cyclopentyl methyl ether (where ligand compatibility allows) instead of chlorinated aromatics.
  • Ligand selection: shorter, less odorous thiols and benign carboxylates help reduce VOC toxicity; aqueous ligand exchanges enable water‑based processing for some applications.

Trade‑offs

• CuInS QDs typically have broader emission (useful for down‑conversion) but may show lower color purity vs CdSe/InP QDs for display applications. Shelling and post‑synthetic treatments can mitigate.

Note: Item-specific solvent/ligand systems are Not specified for this item; confirm compatibility before implementing greener substitutions.

Pharmaceutical Uses

No pharmacopeial status or excipient role is specified for this item. CuInS Quantum Dots are provided for research use only.

Context (general, non-clinical)

• Investigational use as fluorescent tracers or reporters in formulation research and device development (e.g., imaging phantoms, diagnostic prototype studies). No therapeutic or clinical diagnostic claims.
• Potential roles in industrial products (e.g., LED down‑conversion films, coatings) rather than pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Regulatory note

• If considering use beyond laboratory research, assess applicable regulations for nanomaterials and heavy‑metal content (e.g., RoHS, REACH). Item-specific compliance data are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet and contact your EHS/compliance office.

Physical Properties

Item-specific physicochemical specifications (e.g., exact size distribution, solvent / concentration, absorbance peak, PL peak, PLQY) are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General/literature properties for CuInS2-based QDs (for context only):

• Crystal structure: chalcopyrite or wurtzite-derived (literature).
• Bulk bandgap: ~1.5 eV for CuInS2 (literature). Quantum dots exhibit blue-shifted, size/defect-dependent emission typically spanning ~500–800 nm (literature), often with broad FWHM relative to II–VI QDs.
• Density (bulk CuInS2): ~4.6–4.8 g/cm3 (literature). Note: not directly applicable to dispersed colloids.
• Solubility: QDs are insoluble as solids in the thermodynamic sense but form stable dispersions. Dispersibility depends on surface ligands:
  • Nonpolar-capped QDs disperse in toluene, hexane, chloroform (literature).
  • Hydrophilic/charged or PEGylated ligands enable dispersion in water and buffered media (literature).
• Optical constants: absorption coefficient and refractive index depend strongly on size and surface chemistry; item-specific data Not specified for this item.
• Thermal stability: improved by core/shell passivation (e.g., ZnS). Ligand desorption may occur on heating above ~100–200°C depending on ligand set (literature).

Notes

• Nanocrystal ensembles do not have a single defined molecular weight or boiling/melting point. Reported properties vary with size, composition (Cu:In:S ratio), shelling, and ligand coverage.

Quality and Grades

• Grade/Purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

How we think about quality for CuInS Quantum Dots (general, for context):

• Optical metrics: photoluminescence peak position and FWHM, absolute PL quantum yield (PLQY), absorbance peak(s), and Stokes shift. These define suitability for imaging, LEDs, and down‑conversion.
• Structural metrics: size/shape distribution from TEM; crystal phase by XRD/SAED; composition and Cu:In:S ratios by ICP‑OES/EDX; surface ligands quantified by TGA or NMR.
• Surface passivation: core/shell constructs (e.g., CuInS2/ZnS) typically exhibit higher PLQY and stability than core-only; shell thickness and uniformity matter.
• Purity/cleanliness: low residual precursors, free metal salts, and ligand byproducts (checked by ICP, FTIR, 1H NMR of supernatant). Low particle aggregation evaluated by DLS or SAXS.
• Solvent/vehicle: identity and concentration critically affect handling and film quality; low water and low peroxide levels in the carrier solvent help optical stability. Item-specific solvent identity and concentration are Not specified for this item.

Documentation

• For exact grade, ligand system, solvent, concentration, optical specs, and acceptance criteria: refer to the CoA/Spec Sheet associated with SKU C139652.

Reaction and Applications

CuInS Quantum Dots serve as photonic and electronic nanomaterials rather than molecular reagents. Key application domains (literature/practice):

• Optoelectronics

  • Down‑conversion phosphors for white and warm‑white LEDs; broad emission and large Stokes shift mitigate re‑absorption losses.
  • Light‑emitting diodes (QLEDs): emissive layers processed from solution; performance benefits from core/shell passivation (e.g., ZnS) and optimized ligands.
  • Photovoltaics and photodetectors: absorber layers or sensitizers owing to tunable band edges and reduced toxicity relative to Cd‑based QDs.

• Bioimaging and sensing (research use only)

  • Fluorescent probes with visible–NIR emission; surface functionalization enables bioconjugation to antibodies/peptides (no clinical/diagnostic claims).
  • Ratiometric/turn‑on sensors leveraging surface trap states and charge transfer.

• Photocatalysis and photo‑redox chemistry

  • Sensitizers for H2 evolution, CO2 reduction, and organic transformations; sacrificial donors (e.g., amines) and co‑catalysts (Ni, Co, Pt) commonly employed.

Practical considerations

• Ligand environment controls charge transport and energy transfer; short ligands aid film conductivity but can reduce colloidal stability.
• For film formation, filter dispersions (0.2 µm PTFE for nonpolar media) and control atmosphere to minimize oxidative quenching.
• Avoid high-flux UV exposure during processing to limit photo‑oxidation unless intentional photochemical curing is used.

Reaction Conditions

As a nanomaterial, CuInS Quantum Dots are deployed under processing rather than classical reaction conditions. Representative literature conditions are provided for context; adapt to your formulation and equipment.

• Film deposition (spin-coating)

  • Solvent: toluene or chlorobenzene for hydrophobic QDs (if compatible); concentration 5–50 mg/mL solids (optimize).
  • Parameters: 500–3000 rpm for 30–60 s; soft bake 60–120°C for 1–10 min under N2 to remove solvent; avoid prolonged heating that strips ligands.

• Ligand exchange (hydrophobic → polar/aqueous)

  • Solvent system: two-phase or single-phase using DMF/DMSO with short thiols/carboxylates/amine ligands.
  • Temperature: 20–60°C; time: minutes to hours with gentle stirring; monitor PL and DLS to minimize aggregation.
  • Purification: precipitation/redispersion cycles or dialysis; maintain inert atmosphere to reduce oxidation.

• Core/shell overcoating (post-synthetic, literature)

  • ZnS shell growth via SILAR at 80–200°C in coordinating solvents (ODE, OLA); precursor stoichiometry controls shell thickness. Post-labelling shell growth on supplied QDs depends on their ligand set; proceed only if synthesis details are known.

• Photocatalysis tests (model conditions, literature)

  • Disperse QDs (0.01–1 mg/mL) with sacrificial electron donor (e.g., TEA) under inert gas; illuminate with appropriate bandgap-matching light; monitor H2 or product formation via GC/MS.

Note: The above are literature guidelines, not product specifications. Item-specific solvent, concentration, and ligand identity are Not specified for this item.

Safety and Handling

• GHS/Classification

  • Signal Word: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
  • H-Statements: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
  • Pictograms: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.

• General nanomaterial precautions (literature/best practice)

  • Avoid inhalation of nanoparticulate aerosols and dust. Handle dispersions in closed containers; avoid aerosol-generating operations. For any dried material, work in a certified fume hood or ventilated enclosure with appropriate respiratory protection as per institutional EHS.
  • Wear appropriate PPE: lab coat, safety glasses, and chemical-resistant gloves. For solvent-dispersed QDs, select gloves compatible with the carrier solvent (e.g., nitrile for aromatics/halogenateds).
  • Prevent environmental release; collect waste as hazardous nanomaterial and solvent waste per local regulations.

• Chemical compatibility (general)

  • Avoid strong oxidizers that may degrade organic ligands; strong acids/bases and thiol exchange can strip ligands and destabilize colloids.
  • Photosensitive: protect from prolonged intense light to minimize photobleaching/oxidation.
  • Air/moisture sensitivity varies with ligand/shell; inert-atmosphere handling improves long-term optical stability (literature).

• First-aid overview (consult SDS for authoritative guidance)

  • Inhalation: move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms persist.
  • Skin/eye contact: rinse with water for at least 15 minutes; remove contaminated clothing; seek medical attention as needed.
  • Ingestion: rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting; seek medical advice.

• Storage per Product Data

  • Store at 2–8°C. Ship on wet ice. Keep container tightly closed, upright, and protected from light. Refer to SDS for full safety information.

Solvent Selection

Item-specific dispersion solvent is Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General guidance for CuInS-based QDs (literature/practice):

• Nonpolar dispersions (common for as-synthesized, oleate/oleylamine-capped):
  • Good: toluene, hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, chloroform, chlorobenzene.
  • Use cases: spin-coating thin films, LED emissive layers, down‑conversion coatings, hydrophobic polymer composites.
• Polar/aprotic dispersions (after ligand exchange to short polar ligands):
  • Good: DMF, DMSO, N‑methylformamide, acetonitrile.
  • Use cases: layer-by-layer assembly, ink formulation with conductive/polar matrices.
• Aqueous dispersions (after hydrophilic ligand exchange/shell modification):
  • Good: water, buffered saline at controlled ionic strength and pH; avoid multivalent cations that may bridge/stabilize aggregates.
  • Use cases: bioimaging, biosensing, and latex/gel encapsulation.

Practical tips

• Maintain ligand compatibility: do not mix with solvents that desorb ligands (e.g., strong alcohols/acetone for hydrophobic QDs) unless intentional ligand exchange.
• Dryness matters: residual water can quench PL in hydrophobic QDs; dry solvents and protect from air when high PL stability is required.
• Viscosity for coating: chlorobenzene/toluene blends often balance wetting and drying for uniform films; add small fractions of octane/ODE to tune flow (literature practice).

Storage and Reconstitution

• Storage conditions (from Product Data)

  • Store at 2–8°C.
  • Shipped on wet ice.

• General storage guidance for QDs (literature/best practice)

  • Protect from light; use amber vials or foil wrap.
  • Keep tightly sealed to minimize solvent loss and oxygen/moisture ingress. For hydrophobic dispersions, consider an inert headspace (N2/Ar).
  • Avoid freeze–thaw cycles; if freezing is necessary, use cryo‑compatible solvents and aliquot to single‑use vials.
  • Do not store in reactive plastics if the carrier solvent can extract plasticizers; glass vials with PTFE‑lined caps are preferred.

• Reconstitution/handling

  • If supplied as a dispersion: gently equilibrate to room temperature before opening to prevent condensation; vortex or sonicate briefly to redisperse any settled material.
  • If supplied as a dry powder (not typical; not specified for this item): disperse in a compatible, anhydrous solvent with ligand matching; gentle bath sonication can help. Filter through 0.2 µm PTFE syringe filter before precision coating.

• Stability

  • Long‑term optical stability depends on ligand/shell and storage medium. Monitor absorbance/PL periodically for signs of oxidation or aggregation (peak broadening, red‑shift, PL loss).

Item-specific solvent identity, concentration, ligand set, and shelf life are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Structure and Identity

CuInS Quantum Dots (QDs) are colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals in the I–III–VI2 family, most commonly approximating CuInS2 composition with size-tunable quantum confinement.

• Item identifiers

  • SKU: C139652
  • Product Name: CuInS Quantum Dots
  • CAS: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular Formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. (Note: QDs are non-stoichiometric ensembles rather than discrete molecules.)
  • Molecular Weight: Not applicable to polydisperse nanocrystal ensembles.
  • SMILES / InChI / InChIKey: Not applicable for inorganic nanocrystals.

• Structural features (general, literature)

  • Core material: copper indium sulfide (commonly written CuInS2) with chalcopyrite or wurtzite-derived lattices.
  • Surface: capped by organic ligands (e.g., oleylamine/oleate/thiols) or hydrophilic shells after ligand exchange; exact ligand set Not specified for this item.
  • Optional architectures: core-only, core/shell (e.g., CuInS2/ZnS) to improve photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and stability (literature).
  • Size: typically 2–10 nm cores (literature), imparting size- and defect-dependent emission across visible–near-IR.

• 2D description (general)

  • Inorganic nanocrystal core composed of Cu, In, and S atoms arranged in tetrahedral coordination (Cu+ and In3+ coordinated by S2−). Organic ligands form an adsorbed layer defining colloidal dispersibility and interparticle spacing.

Synthetic Utility

While not a small‑molecule reagent, CuInS Quantum Dots are valuable building blocks in materials synthesis and device fabrication.

• Composites and hybrids

  • Incorporation into polymers (PMMA, PS, epoxy, silicones) to create luminescent composites; surface ligands tailor compatibility and dispersion.
  • Embedding in sol‑gel matrices and aerogels; ligand exchange to silanes or trialkoxysilanes enhances binding.

• Heterostructures and energy transfer

  • Fabrication of core/shell (e.g., CuInS2/ZnS) or alloyed structures to tune band offsets and reduce surface traps.
  • Förster/Dexter energy transfer assemblies with dyes or other QDs for sensing and light-harvesting.

• Thin films and prints

  • Spin‑coating, blade‑coating, inkjet or aerosol jet printing of emissive/absorbing layers. Additives control wetting, drying, and film morphology.

• Surface chemistry transformations (post‑synthetic)

  • Ligand exchanges to short carboxylates, amines, or zwitterions for conductivity or aqueous compatibility; crosslinking ligands (e.g., dithiols) to improve robustness.

Item-specific ligand set and concentration are Not specified for this item; optimize conditions empirically for your formulation.

Target Specificity

Not applicable. This product is a semiconductor nanocrystal, not an antibody or affinity reagent. No antigen/epitope or isotype information applies.