1,700+ technical articles by Aladdin Scientific's scientists on reagent selection, reaction mechanisms, assay design and formulation. New every week.
Organocatalysts are catalysts whose active component is a small organic molecule. They do not rely on transition-metal centers, and they are different from the macromolecular active sites found in enzymatic catalysis. They can promote reactions because their molecular structures contain ...
The goal of chiral catalysis is to preferentially generate one enantiomer during a reaction. In modern organic synthesis, two common approaches are the metal–chiral ligand system and the small-molecule organocatalytic system. The 2001 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded for asymmetric ...
The TGF-β signaling pathway is an important molecular network that regulates cell fate, tissue homeostasis, and pathological remodeling. This pathway is centered on ligand activation, receptor complex assembly, and Smad-dependent transcriptional regulation, while also intersecting with non-Smad ...
Phase-transfer catalysis (PTC) refers to the use of a small amount of catalyst in two immiscible phases, or in a multiphase system composed of a solid and a liquid, to transfer one reactant from its original phase into another phase so that the reaction can proceed more rapidly. The transferred ...
Hydrogenation catalysts are catalytic materials or catalytic systems that can activate hydrogen and promote hydrogen transfer to a substrate. In the laboratory, “hydrogenation” commonly includes three types of transformations: first, reduction of carbon-carbon double bonds and triple bonds; ...
This article focuses on carbon-hydrogen (C–H) functionalization within the framework of transition-metal catalysis, and does not cover other types of C–H transformations such as radical, photoredox, or electrochemical processes. The central questions addressed here are: how to judge whether ...
In small-molecule synthesis, the first question to answer is not “What reactions are available?” but rather “What type of transformation does this step belong to?” Only after the transformation type has been clearly identified can methods be screened against substrate features, target ...
In generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG), the therapeutic rationale for complement C5 inhibition is grounded in a well-defined immunopathological cascade.
Plant cell wall-degrading enzyme systems are a fundamental technical system in protoplast preparation, cell wall structure analysis, plant–microbe interaction research, and lignocellulosic conversion research. Their core lies in establishing a clearly functionally differentiated multi-enzyme ...