Lipid metabolism

Lipids are not synonymous with fats. Fats mainly refer to energy-storage lipids such as triacylglycerols, whereas lipids comprise a much broader range of structural classes, including fatty acids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and sterol lipids. Different lipids participate not only in ...

Metabolic disorders involve multiple abnormalities, including insulin resistance, dysregulated glucose and lipid metabolism, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress. Natural products possess diverse structural classes and molecular targets and can improve metabolic homeostasis by regulating ...

Apolipoproteins (Apos) are important protein components of lipoprotein particles. They participate in the transport of triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids, and lipid-soluble molecules, and determine the interactions between lipoproteins and receptors, enzymes, and transport proteins.

Fatty acid chain length affects the choice of activating enzymes, subcellular metabolic pools, and downstream pathway partitioning. Short-chain fatty acids are mainly linked to acetyl-CoA supply and acetylation regulation. Medium-chain fatty acids are more associated with rapid oxidative energy ...

Neuropeptides constitute the central integrative layer of energy homeostasis regulation. The hypothalamus–brainstem network continuously receives signals from the gastrointestinal tract, adipose tissue, pancreas, liver, and circulating nutrient substrates, and in turn reshapes feeding, ...

Lipids in inflammation and immune responses do not merely serve structural roles in membrane assembly and energy storage, but instead constitute a critical regulatory layer spanning the entire course of inflammatory initiation, signal amplification, immune cell differentiation, effector ...

Betaine , also known as N,N,N-trimethylglycine, is a quaternary ammonium small molecule named after its first isolation from sugar beet. The molecule contains both a quaternary ammonium cationic center and a carboxylate anionic center, giving an overall zwitterionic (inner-salt) structure. This ...

Cell homeostasis is regulated by the coordinated activities of several key metabolic pathways. These processes include carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, glutamine metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism, which maintain the energy state of cells and provide the necessary components to ...