Nitrogen assimilation

Nitrogen assimilation converts nitrate, nitrite, or ammonium into glutamine and glutamate, thereby supplying nitrogen for the synthesis of amino acids, nucleotides, and other nitrogen-containing compounds. Different key enzymes have clearly defined roles in substrate affinity, energy ...

The core of carbon-nitrogen metabolic crosstalk lies in the dynamic conversion between carbon skeletons and nitrogen flow. Glutamate and α-ketoglutarate form key hubs connecting the TCA cycle, transamination reactions, glutamine metabolism, and amino acid biosynthesis. Their changes reflect not ...

After photosystem I, the photosynthetic electron transport chain does not simply enter a single “NADPH generation endpoint,” but instead enters a terminal reducing-power allocation layer centered on ferredoxin.

Physiological and biochemical activities are fundamental processes that maintain biological structure and function, spanning material metabolism, energy conversion, redox homeostasis, and growth and development. In animals, plants, and microorganisms/cultured cells, environmental changes or ...