FOR46 (anti-CD46) - Anticorpo primario, specific to CD46, >95%, Human IgG1

Cat. No.: Ab176224

QUALITÀ & PUREZZA Animal Free, Carrier Free, Recombinant, ExactAb™, Low Endotoxin, Azide Free, Validated, ≥95%(SDS-PAGE&SEC-HPLC), See COA

Application

Animal Model, ELISA, Flow Cytometry, Functional Assay

Host species

Umano

Reactive species

Cynomolgus monkey, Umano

Isotype

Human IgG1

Conjugation

Unconjugated

Panoramica

FOR46 (anti-CD46) is a human monoclonal antibody targeting against CD46. It specifically targets and binds to a specific conformational epitope on the immune modulatory receptor CD46 expressed on certain tumor cells.
Purity
>95% (SDS-PAGE&SEC)
Endotoxin Level
< 1.0EU/mg

Specifiche

Product Name

FOR46 (anti-CD46) - Anticorpo primario, specific to CD46, >95%, Human IgG1

Sinonimi

TLX|Trophoblast leukocyte common antigen

Specifiche e purezza

Carrier Free, Recombinant, ExactAb™, Low Endotoxin, Azide Free, Validated, Animal Free, ≥95%(SDS-PAGE&SEC-HPLC), See COA

Specie ospite

Umano

Specificità

CD46

Coniugazione

Unconjugated

Grado

Animal Free, Azide Free, Carrier Free, ExactAb™, Low Endotoxin, Recombinant, Validated

Isotipo

Human IgG1

Tipo di catena leggera

lambda

SDS-PAGE

26.5 kDa (Light Chain) & 50.6 kDa (Heavy Chain), under reducing conditions; 180.0 kDa, under non-reducing conditions.

Metodo di purificazione

Protein A purified

La purezza

>95%

Concentrazione

See COA

Product Line

Prodotti biologici

Stoccaggio e spedizione

Forma

Liquid

Condizioni di conservazione di stoccaggio

Store at -80°C,Avoid repeated freezing and thawing

Spedito in

Dry ice packs + Cold packs

Stabilità e conservazione

Store at -80℃ for 24 months. Upon receipt, it is recommended to aliquot. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle.

Immagini

ELISA: FOR46 (anti-CD46) (Ab176224)

FOR46 (anti-CD46) (Ab176224) - ELISA
Immobilized Human CD46-his at 2.0 μg/mL can bind FOR46 (anti-CD46) (Ab176224) with the EC₅₀ of 5.75 ng/mL.

SEC: FOR46 (anti-CD46) (Ab176224)

FOR46 (anti-CD46) (Ab176224) - SEC
The purity of FOR46 (anti-CD46) (Ab176224) is more than 95% verified by HPLC.

Obiettivi associati (umani)

CD46 Tbio Membrane cofactor protein (0 Activities)

Discover Target: CD46

Activity Type	Activity Value -log(M)	Mechanism of Action	Activity Reference	Publications (PubMed IDs)

Application Protocols

Only product-data–derived application information may be listed here.

• Tested/validated applications: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Recommended working dilutions: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Positive/negative controls: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Compatible detection systems/conjugates: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Please consult the product’s CoA/Spec Sheet and SDS for any available, item-specific protocols and usage guidance.

Biological Roles

Target overview (general/literature)

• CD46 (membrane cofactor protein, MCP) is a ubiquitously expressed complement regulatory protein that serves as a cofactor for factor I–mediated cleavage of C3b and C4b, protecting host cells from complement-mediated damage. It is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein with short cytoplasmic tails generated by alternative splicing.
• Beyond complement: CD46 participates in immune modulation, T cell activation/polarization, and is a known receptor for several pathogens (e.g., measles virus Edmonston strain, certain adenoviruses and Neisseria species). Its expression patterns and glycoforms can be context dependent.

Relevance of an anti-CD46 antibody (general)

• Detection and quantification: Useful for assessing CD46 expression by flow cytometry, immunoblotting, or imaging when appropriately validated.
• Functional studies: Perturbation or blockade of CD46-ligand interactions can illuminate complement regulation and signaling pathways. Antibody effects (agonist/antagonist/neutral) are epitope- and clone-dependent and are not specified for this item.

Caveats

• CD46 is widely present on human somatic cells; cross-reactivity across species is variable and epitope-dependent. Species reactivity for this product is Not specified; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• For live-cell experiments, use azide-free, low-endotoxin material (provided) and verify lack of unintended activation by appropriate controls.

Buffer Applications

Item-specific buffer composition, pH, and stabilizers: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General buffer guidance for antibodies (literature/general)

• Working buffers: PBS (10 mM phosphate, 137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, pH 7.2–7.5) or TBS (25–50 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4–8.0). Filter-sterilize (0.22 μm) and degas if using in FACS.
• Blocking buffers: For immunoassays, choose protein blockers (e.g., serum, casein) compatible with the detection system; avoid blockers containing biotin when using streptavidin-based detection.
• Conjugation buffers: For NHS-ester labeling, use amine-free buffers such as 50–100 mM sodium bicarbonate/carbonate (pH 8.3–8.5). For maleimide–thiol coupling, use PBS or phosphate with 1–5 mM EDTA at pH 6.5–7.0 to protect thiols.
• Storage/dilution: Prepare single-use aliquots in sterile buffer to avoid microbial growth; this azide-free item is suitable for live-cell contexts.

Electrophoresis/transfer (general)

• For SDS-PAGE/western assay development, standard Laemmli buffers and Tris–glycine/methanol transfer buffers apply when detecting CD46 in samples; antibody incubation buffers should include gentle detergent (e.g., 0.05% Tween-20) as appropriate.

Note: Use conditions should be optimized empirically for the specific clone and application.

Green Alternatives

Sustainability considerations for antibody reagents (general/literature)

• Preservatives: This item is azide-free, which removes a toxic heavy-metal–reactive preservative from the workflow and reduces hazardous waste concerns. If antimicrobial control is required, consider sterile, single-use aliquots rather than chemical preservatives.
• Process choices: Use aqueous buffers and minimize organic solvent exposure during labeling. Prefer copper-free click reactions (SPAAC) to avoid metal catalysts and subsequent quenching/remediation.
• Packaging and waste: Plan aliquots to reduce freeze–thaw and container waste. Employ recyclable secondary packaging where institutional policies allow.

Comparison of common antimicrobial strategies for protein storage (general)

• Sodium azide: Broad antimicrobial, but toxic and incompatible with HRP assays and copper plumbing; regulated waste stream.
• Sterile filtration + aliquoting: No chemical additive; requires good aseptic technique and freezer space; best for sensitive cell assays.
• Low-toxicity biocides (e.g., isothiazolinones): Effective at low ppm but can interfere with cells/enzymes; evaluate case-by-case. Not present in this item (not specified; check CoA before assuming absence of any biocide).

Bottom line

• For most research uses, animal-free, carrier-free, azide-free antibodies like this product align well with green chemistry principles by reducing hazardous additives and enabling efficient, right-sized aliquoting to lower waste.

Pharmaceutical Uses

No clinical/therapeutic claims are made. This product is supplied strictly for research use only.

R&D and manufacturing contexts (general/literature)

• Assay reagent: Anti-CD46 antibodies are employed in potency/release assays, target quantification, and process analytics in cell-line development when CD46 serves as a phenotypic marker.
• Conjugate development: Carrier-free, azide-free, low-endotoxin antibodies are suitable starting materials for investigational conjugates (e.g., fluorophores, affinity tags) used in discovery-stage screening and characterization workflows.
• Reference/standard: Recombinant, sequence-defined reagents enable consistent calibration standards for flow cytometry or ELISA when appropriately qualified.
• Upstream processing: Animal-free production aligns with quality-by-design (QbD) and risk-reduction strategies for reagents used in regulated environments, though this item itself is not released for clinical use.

Regulatory notes

• Pharmacopeial monographs generally do not apply to research-use recombinant antibodies; any use in GMP settings requires internal qualification. Endotoxin, purity, bioburden, residual HCP/DNA, and viral safety parameters for this product are Not specified; consult the CoA/Spec Sheet if considering regulated applications.

Physical Properties

Item-specific physicochemical specifications

• Concentration, formulation, excipients, and exact molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General properties of recombinant monoclonal antibodies (literature/general)

• Apparent molecular mass: Typically ~145–155 kDa for an IgG, depending on subclass and glycosylation.
• Solubility: Readily soluble in physiological aqueous buffers (e.g., PBS, TBS). Solubility and stability depend on pH, ionic strength, and excipients (e.g., sugars, amino acids, surfactants) used in the specific formulation.
• Isoelectric point (pI): Commonly in the 6–9 range for IgGs; actual pI is sequence/process dependent.
• Stability: Enhanced in the cold; sensitive to repeated freeze–thaw and elevated temperatures. Aggregation propensity increases with mechanical stress, extremes of pH, and freeze–thaw cycling.
• UV absorbance: Proteins exhibit A280 with ε dependent on aromatic residue content; for a typical IgG, A280 1.0 corresponds to ~0.7 mg/mL (literature estimate). Use the item’s stated extinction coefficient if provided in the CoA.

Do not treat the above general values as specifications. Use only the product’s CoA/Spec Sheet for assay-critical parameters.

Quality and Grades

Item-specific designations (as provided)

• Animal Free: Manufactured without animal-derived components to reduce adventitious agent risk and variability.
• Carrier Free: No protein carriers (e.g., BSA) added—facilitates accurate mass-based dosing, labeling, and low-background assays.
• Recombinant: Sequence-defined production for lot-to-lot consistency; enables controlled glycosylation/quality attributes.
• ExactAb™: Branding indicating precise, reproducible recombinant antibody format (interpret per Aladdin/producer definition).
• Low Endotoxin: Suitable for sensitive cell-based assays; exact endotoxin limit Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Azide Free: Enhances compatibility with live-cell work, enzymatic conjugations, and peroxidase-based detection.
• Validated: Assay validation performed; specific validated applications Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

What these grades mean in practice (general/literature)

• Absence of carriers/preservatives decreases matrix effects, improves conjugation efficiency (NHS-ester, maleimide), and reduces interference in MS-based analytics.
• Low endotoxin minimizes TLR-mediated activation in primary cells and PBMC assays.
• Animal-free production supports regulatory and ethical sourcing preferences and reduces risk of animal-origin contaminants.

Documentation and release testing

• For assay-critical thresholds (purity, monomer %, residual host cell proteins/DNA, endotoxin IU/mg), and isotype/subclass: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Reaction and Applications

This section focuses on chemical reactivity for bioconjugation workflows rather than biological assay use.

General bioconjugation strategies for antibodies (literature/general)

• Lysine-directed labeling: NHS-ester dyes/biotin at pH 7.5–8.5 target solvent-exposed ε-amine groups; yields heterogeneous loadings. Quench unreacted NHS with Tris or ethanolamine after reaction.
• Cysteine-directed labeling: Mild reduction (e.g., TCEP) reveals interchain cysteines, enabling maleimide conjugation for site-defined payloads. Control reduction to preserve structural integrity.
• Enzymatic tagging: Sortase A, transglutaminase, or glycan remodeling (GAL-T, EndoS/Sialyltransferase) allow site-specific modification at defined motifs or Fc glycans.
• Click chemistry: Azide–alkyne (CuAAC) or strain-promoted (SPAAC) ligations post-introduction of orthogonal handles; SPAAC avoids copper for cell-compatible conditions.
• Photocrosslinking/Proximity labeling: Diazirine/benzophenone or enzymatic tags (APEX, BioID) in discovery studies; ensure compatibility with antibody and target biology.

Practical considerations

• Maintain antibody monomer content; verify by SEC before/after conjugation.
• Use carrier-free, azide-free preparations (as provided) for optimal coupling efficiency.
• Control degree of labeling (DOL) to balance signal and affinity; overlabeling can impair binding.
• Desalt or buffer-exchange into conjugation-compatible buffers (e.g., carbonate for NHS, PBS with EDTA for maleimide).

Note: Specific, validated biological applications for this product are Not specified; refer to the product’s CoA/Spec Sheet.

Reaction Conditions

The following are general, literature-based conditions for common antibody conjugation reactions. They are not item-specific specifications.

• NHS-ester (amine) labeling:

  • Buffer: 50–100 mM sodium bicarbonate/carbonate, pH 8.3–8.5 (amine-free).
  • Temperature/time: 4–25°C for 15–60 min; protect from light for fluorophores.
  • Stoichiometry: 2–10 mol dye per mol IgG to start; adjust for desired DOL.
  • Quench: 20–50 mM Tris or 10–50 mM ethanolamine, pH 7.5–8.5.

• Maleimide–thiol (cysteine) labeling:

  • Buffer: PBS or phosphate with 1–5 mM EDTA, pH 6.5–7.0.
  • Partial reduction: 0.25–5 mM TCEP for 15–30 min at 25°C (optimize to preserve structure); remove excess reductant before conjugation.
  • Temperature/time: 4–25°C, 30–120 min.

• Enzymatic ligations:

  • Sortase A: LPXTG-tagged antibody with GGG-payload in Tris–HCl, pH 7.5–8.0, 1–10 mM Ca2+, 25–37°C, 0.5–4 h.
  • Glycan remodeling: EndoS2 deglycosylation followed by engineered transfer with galactosyltransferase/sialyltransferase in appropriate buffers; 4–30°C.

• Purification and analysis:

  • Desalt via spin columns or SEC; polish with AEX/CEX if needed.
  • Verify DOL by UV–Vis, SEC for aggregation, SDS-PAGE for integrity, and functional binding (e.g., ELISA, flow) post-conjugation.

Note: For this item, formulation, concentration, and extinction coefficient are Not specified; adjust conditions based on actual product details in the CoA.

Safety and Handling

GHS/SDS information

• Signal word, hazard statements, pictograms, and classification: Not specified for this item; refer to the SDS for authoritative safety information.

General laboratory safety guidance (literature/general)

• Likely hazard profile: Recombinant, azide-free antibodies are generally considered low hazard for routine laboratory use; nevertheless, handle as a protein biological with standard precautions.
• Personal protective equipment (PPE): Lab coat, nitrile gloves, and safety glasses. Avoid ingestion, inhalation of aerosols, and contact with skin/eyes.
• Engineering controls: Work on ice or in a cooled environment to preserve stability. Use a biosafety cabinet when handling human-derived materials or cell cultures in conjunction with the antibody.
• Incompatibilities: Avoid strong oxidizers, extremes of pH, and organic solvents that denature proteins. Do not mix with sodium azide–containing buffers if downstream peroxidase-based assays or copper plumbing are involved.
• Special risks: Repeated freeze–thaw can cause aggregation and activity loss. Minimize mechanical shear (vigorous vortexing, narrow-gauge syringes) that can induce aggregation.
• First aid (overview): If on skin or in eyes, rinse with water. If inhaled as aerosol, move to fresh air. If ingested, rinse mouth. Seek medical advice; show SDS.

Waste disposal: Follow institutional biosafety procedures for disposal of proteinaceous laboratory reagents.

Solvent Selection

Applicability

• As a recombinant antibody, FOR46 (anti-CD46) is intended for use in aqueous biological buffers. Organic solvent selection is not relevant except for limited bioconjugation workflows.

General buffer considerations (literature/general)

• Preferred matrices: Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or Tris-buffered saline (TBS) at near-neutral pH (7.2–7.5) maintain structural integrity.
• Additives: Depending on downstream use, stabilizers (e.g., sugars, amino acids) and low levels of nonionic surfactants can mitigate aggregation. For this specific item, formulation details are Not specified; consult CoA/Spec Sheet before adding excipients.
• Avoid: High concentrations of chaotropes, denaturants, or organic solvents that disrupt tertiary structure. Limit DMSO exposure during labeling to short durations at low volume percent.

When to choose alternatives

• For peroxidase-based assays or copper plumbing environments, azide-free buffers are preferred (this item is azide-free). For long-term storage aliquots, consider sterile PBS without preservatives vs. cryoprotectant-containing buffers depending on application requirements.

Small comparison (general)

• PBS (pH 7.4): Ionic strength and phosphate can chelate metals—compatible with most immunoassays; may inhibit certain enzymatic conjugations requiring amines.
• TBS (pH 7.4–8.0): Tris can interfere with NHS ester chemistry; use carbonate (pH ~8.3) for amine labeling steps.

Storage and Reconstitution

Item-specific conditions (from Product Data)

• Storage: Store at −80°C. Avoid repeated freezing and thawing.
• Shipment: Shipped on dry ice packs + cold packs.

Additional details

• Appearance, formulation, concentration, and any reconstitution steps: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General guidance (literature/general; not item-specific specifications)

• Upon receipt: If frozen, keep at −80°C until ready to aliquot. Thaw once on ice, mix gently (no vortexing), and prepare single-use aliquots in sterile, low-binding tubes.
• Short-term storage: For use within days to a week, −20°C or 2–8°C may be acceptable depending on formulation; defer to CoA for permitted conditions.
• Cryoprotection: If allowed by your application, inclusion of suitable cryoprotectants (e.g., sugars) can improve stability; do not add preservatives that conflict with downstream assays.
• Freeze–thaw: Minimize cycles; one-time aliquoting is strongly recommended.
• Light and shear: Protect from light if fluorescently labeled post-purchase; avoid mechanical shear that can induce aggregation.

Always prioritize the item’s CoA/Spec Sheet for exact storage, handling, and any reconstitution instructions specific to this lot.

Structure and Identity

Recombinant monoclonal antibody targeting human CD46, supplied as an animal-free, carrier-free, azide-free, low-endotoxin ExactAb.

Item-specific identifiers

• Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• InChIKey / SMILES / CAS / CID: Not applicable to biologics; not specified for this item.

General structural description (literature/general)

• Antibody class: Immunoglobulin (typical IgG architecture unless otherwise noted in the CoA). Two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains, forming a Y-shaped quaternary structure stabilized by inter- and intrachain disulfide bonds.
• Domains: Each heavy chain contains variable (VH) and constant (CH1–CH3) domains; each light chain contains variable (VL) and constant (CL) domains. The antigen-binding sites (paratopes) are formed by VH/VL complementarity-determining regions (CDRs).
• Post-translational features: Recombinant antibodies are commonly glycosylated (e.g., at Asn297 in the Fc region for IgG), which can influence effector function and stability; specific glycoforms are product- and process-dependent (not specified for this item).
• 2D depiction (verbal): A central Fc stem (CH2/CH3) with two Fab arms (VH/VL–CH1/CL) at the termini; the CDR loops at the tips of the Fab arms define FOR46’s binding to CD46.

Note: Definitive isotype, subclass, light-chain type, glycoform, and any engineered Fc substitutions are not specified for this item; consult the CoA/Spec Sheet.

Synthetic Utility

Although not a small-molecule building block, this antibody can be a versatile scaffold for chemical biology and bioconjugation.

Utility in synthesis/chemical biology (literature/general)

• Site-selective modification: Exploit native lysines and interchain cysteines, or engineer tags (LPXTG for sortase, Q-tags for transglutaminase, or introduce noncanonical amino acids) for controlled conjugation.
• Multimodal probes: Generate antibody–dye, –biotin, –enzymes (e.g., HRP/AP), or –DNA (for CITE-seq/Prox-seq) conjugates to support target mapping and multiplexed assays.
• Affinity purification: Couple to activated matrices (e.g., NHS-agarose) to create CD46 immunoaffinity columns for enrichment from complex lysates.
• Analytical handles: Introduce isotopic or MS-cleavable linkers for targeted proteomics or crosslinking/MS to map epitope–paratope interactions.

Retrosynthetic perspective

• The antibody serves as a recognition module; chemists can plan payload attachment through orthogonal handles to preserve antigen affinity while tuning hydrophobicity/charge to control aggregation and non-specific binding.

Caveats

• Over-modification can reduce binding; determine an optimal degree of labeling by titration and functional testing. Item-specific isotype/subclass and glycoform—which influence Fc-mediated interactions—are Not specified; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet for detailed attributes if needed.

Target Specificity

Authoritative target- and clone-level details are limited to the provided product data.

• Antigen/Target: CD46 (membrane cofactor protein, MCP) — derived from the product name “FOR46 (anti-CD46)”.
• Clone/Antibody designation: FOR46.
• Species reactivity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Epitope: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Isotype/Subclass: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Host/Format (e.g., chimeric/humanized): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Notes

• Validation status is indicated, but specific tested applications, positive controls, and cross-reactivity panels are Not specified for this item; consult the CoA/Spec Sheet.

Domande frequenti

How should this product be stored?

Store at ?80 °C. Avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles. Aliquot into single-use volumes before freezing.

What does Animal Free mean?

Animal Free indicates that the material has been processed and tested for specialty industrial processing. Specifications focus on the impurities that affect performance in that application — for example, metal content for electronics, particle size for batteries, refractive index for optics, or moisture content for moisture-sensitive processes.

What does Carrier Free mean?

Carrier Free indicates that the material has been processed and tested for specialty industrial processing. Specifications focus on the impurities that affect performance in that application — for example, metal content for electronics, particle size for batteries, refractive index for optics, or moisture content for moisture-sensitive processes.

How is this product shipped?

This product ships frozen with dry ice and cold packs. Unpack on arrival and transfer it to the storage condition stated above; handle dry ice with insulated gloves in a ventilated area.

What documentation is provided?

Available product documentation, including Certificates of Analysis (COA), Safety Data Sheets (SDS), and specification sheets, is shown in the product document area. Document availability and access follow the current site policy.

Which species reactivity has this antibody been validated against?

Validated reactivity is listed on the PDP and on each lot's datasheet. We validate against the most commonly tested species for the target (FOR46 (anti-CD46)); cross-reactivity in untested species may exist but is not guaranteed. Contact technical support for specific species inquiries.