3,200+ step-by-step lab protocols and SOPs for cell culture, staining, PCR, protein work and microbiology, with reagents, conditions and evaluation criteria.
HepG2 is a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line with hepatocyte-like features. Under excess free fatty acid (FFA) exposure, intracellular triglycerides (TG) markedly accumulate and abundant lipid droplets form, phenocopying hepatocyte steatosis in morphology and lipid metabolism.
5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) is a thymidine analogue incorporated into nascent DNA during S phase. Like BrdU, it labels proliferating cells, but—unlike BrdU, which requires harsh acid/base or heat denaturation to expose epitopes—EdU detection exploits its terminal alkyne for rapid, ...
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, binds to the TLR4 receptor and its co-receptors (e.g., CD14, MD-2) on macrophages, activating NF-κB, MAPK, and other pathways and inducing production/secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, ...
Use Hoechst nuclear staining to observe chromatin morphology and qualitatively/semi-quantitatively assess apoptosis ratios. Applicable to both adherent and suspension cell apoptosis models.
Use tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity staining to selectively label osteoclasts and other TRAP-positive cells. By observing cell morphology and staining intensity under a microscope, perform morphological assessment and semi-quantitative analysis of changes related to ...
oil-red-o-staining-protocol
Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) is a WST-8–based cell viability reagent commonly used for cell proliferation and cytotoxicity evaluation. In the presence of an electron-mediating agent, the water-soluble tetrazolium salt WST-8 is reduced by intracellular mitochondrial dehydrogenases to an orange ...
Purifying Antibodies with Magnetic Agarose Beads
Sulfo Cyanine3 Maleimide Labeling Protocol and Instructions for Use