1,700+ technical articles by Aladdin Scientific's scientists on reagent selection, reaction mechanisms, assay design and formulation. New every week.
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) regulate cell proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation through tyrosine phosphorylation. RTK mutations, amplifications, fusions, or abnormal expression can continuously activate MAPK, PI3K/AKT, STAT, PLC, and other signaling pathways, thereby ...
The gut microbiota can use dietary components, host secretions, and intrinsic microbial metabolic pathways to generate diverse classes of small-molecule compounds. These metabolites regulate the intestinal epithelial barrier, energy metabolism, immune-cell differentiation, and signaling in ...
Collagen is the principal structural protein of the dermal extracellular matrix (ECM). Intact collagen consists of three long polypeptide chains that form a triple helix and subsequently assemble into collagen fibrils and collagen fibers, providing the skin with tensile strength and mechanical ...
D-Xylose, the starting material for Pro-Xylane, can be obtained from hemicellulose in beechwood and other plant-derived woods. Hydrolysis of xylan in wood releases xylose, which is then chemically converted into Pro-Xylane. Therefore, the description “plant-derived” refers to the origin of ...
Biomimetic peptides used as skincare ingredients are typically synthetic peptides designed on the basis of natural human proteins, extracellular matrix fragments, receptor ligands, or protein–protein interaction regions. Through specific amino acid sequences and spatial conformations, they ...
Sodium hyaluronate, crosslinked sodium hyaluronate polymers, sodium acetylated hyaluronate, and hydrolyzed sodium hyaluronate frequently appear together in moisturizing skincare products. They all retain the repeating disaccharide backbone of hyaluronic acid, but differ in molecular chain ...
Skin hydration depends not only on the amount of moisturizing ingredients applied to the skin, but also on the ability of the epidermis to limit outward water diffusion and the capacity of corneocytes to continuously bind and retain water. Tight junctions, keratinocyte differentiation, stratum ...
Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides may be present in the fruiting bodies, mycelia, spore cultures, and submerged fermentation systems of Tremella fuciformis. Raw materials for skincare applications are usually obtained through aqueous extraction of fruiting bodies or microbial submerged ...
Introducing fluorinated groups into organic molecules generally requires simultaneous consideration of three questions: whether the fluorinated fragment can be conveniently prepared and stored, whether a new chemical bond can be formed at the intended position, and whether the reaction product ...