10mM in DMSO for sensitive chromatographic and analytical workflows requiring minimal baseline interference.
Desiccated,Store at -80°C Ships Dry ice packs + Cold packs Check lot-specific COA for exact specifications.
SDS, COA, datasheet, and spec sheet available for download. Lot-specific COA accessible via lot number lookup.
Cited in 1 peer-reviewed publications across chromatography, organic synthesis, and cross-coupling reactions.
Pimonidazole is a novel hypoxia marker for complementary study of tumor hypoxia and cell proliferation in tumor. Pimonidazole accumulates in hypoxic cells via covalent binding with macromolecules or by forming reductive metabolites after reduction of its nitro group, it can be used for qualitative and quantitative assessment of tumor hypoxia .
In Vitro
Pimonidazole, the exogenous hypoxia marker, is a 2-nitroimidazole compound, which forms covalent bonds with cellular macromolecules at oxygen levels below 1.3%. ? Detection : Hypoxic cells were recognized by immunohistochemical detection of pimonidazole using a mouse monoclonal antibody. Cell proliferation was detected with a commercially available monoclonal antibody for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Assessment of hypoxia and cell proliferation was made qualitatively with light microscopy and quantitatively using point counting and image analysis software methods. The pimonidazole-protein adducts were then detected by immunofluorescence ?\nCells (90% confluent) are treated with pimonidazole hydrochloride (10-100 μM), diluted in complete media or PBS, and placed in hypoxia or normoxia for 2-4 hours. Then, cells are washed 4 times in HBSS, fixed for 10 min with 10% neutral buffered formalin at room temperature, washed 3 times with tris buffered saline, and mounted with Prolong Gold with DAPI mounting media. To monitor the intrinsic hypoxic signal, the tissue is removed and the embryos incubated with 400 μM pimonidazole for 2 h before fixation. Immunostaining is performed using antibodies against pimonidazole-protein adducts (Hypoxyprobe) . MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
In Vivo
Pimonidazole is a 2-nitroimidazole that is reductively activated specifically in hypoxic cells and forms stable adducts with thiol groups in proteins, peptides, and amino acids. Additionally, the amount of pimonidazole that is detected is directly proportional to the level of hypoxia within tumors in vivo. ?\nThe following protocol is provided for this useful tool to interrogate the levels of hypoxia? in vivo . ?\n1.Pimonidazole hydrochloride is suspended at a concentration of 30 mg/ml in 0.9% sterile saline or PBS. ?\n2.Multiple mice are injected intravenously (tail vein) with 60 mg/kg of the pimonidazole solution. ?\n3.Let circulate?in vivo?for 90 min before the mice are euthanazied with isoflurane or carbon dioxide (CO2). Note: For animal euthanasia: In compliance with proper IACUC protocols! ?\n4. Mice are sacrificed and organs are then removed, weighed, snap-frozen, and stored in plastic scintillation vials at -80 °C. ?\n5. The pimonidazole stain can work on paraffin-embedded tissue, frozen tissue, and cell lines. Organs are embedded in OCT, placed in a cryostat, and cut into 10 μm-thick sections. Sections are placed on microscope slides for staining. MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
| Isomeric SMILES | C1CCN(CC1)CC(CN2C=CN=C2[N+](=O)[O-])O.Cl |
|---|---|
| PubChem CID | 104997 |
| Molecular Weight | 290.75 |
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View spec sheet →| 1. Zi-Yue Xi, Chuan-Yong Fan, Ying-Ying Jiang, Xin-Ran Xi, Gan-Yu Nie, Shuang Zhu, Jun-Jie Zhang, Lu Xu. (2025) Nanocatalytic system releases overloaded zinc ions and ROS to induce Znproptosis and interrupt cell cycle through inhibiting Akt/mTOR pathway. Theranostics, 15 (10): (4734). [PMID:40225560] [10.7150/thno.107025] |
