Applications of Nanoclay in Materials and Formulations: Dispersion Mechanisms, Performance Enhancement, and Product Selection

What is Nanoclay?

Nanoclay generally refers to clay minerals and their modified derivatives that exist in a system in nanoscale sheet/tubular/fibrous forms, with at least one dimension reaching the nanoscale (e.g., a single layer of a layered silicate can be close to 1 nm thick). In formulation contexts, “nanoclay” emphasizes the morphology and effects after exfoliation/dispersion into nanostructures, rather than the particle size of the as-supplied powder.

Nanoclay can be roughly classified into three categories by morphology:

Morphology Type	Representative Materials	Core Structural Features	Typical Advantage Keywords	Common Application Directions
Layered platelet type (most typical)	Montmorillonite (MMT), synthetic clays (synthetic lithium magnesium silicate / synthetic hectorite; smectite-type disc-like nanoclays; typical diameter ~25–30 nm, thickness ~1 nm), vermiculite (Vermiculite)	“Book/page-like layered” structure; can be intercalated and exfoliated	Barrier, reinforcement, modifiable	Polymer nanocomposites; barrier coatings/films; anticorrosion barriers; certain adsorption applications
Tubular / hollow type	Halloysite nanotubes (Halloysite nanotubes, HNTs)	Common naturally occurring hollow nanotubes; can be loaded	Loading, controlled release, carrier	Drug delivery/controlled release; catalyst loading; adsorption; antibacterial composites
Fibrous / rod-like type	Palygorskite / Attapulgite; Sepiolite	Fibrous network; readily forms a 3D framework	Thixotropy, thickening, anti-settling	Rheology control in coatings/inks; suspension anti-settling; slurry stabilization; certain adsorption applications

Notes:

1. Bentonite is often a montmorillonite-rich clay and is a common commercial name within layered platelet systems.
2. Nanofibrous clays (palygorskite, sepiolite) are often used as next-generation rheology additives in water-based systems (e.g., drilling fluids/suspensions), contributing thixotropy, thickening, and yield stress.

What Are the “Functions and Roles” of Nanoclay in Essence?

Nanoclay works well essentially due to four keywords (A–D):

Core Source	Typical Applications	Key Mechanistic Points	Main Functions / Roles
A. High aspect ratio + high specific surface area → nano-skeleton / nano-barrier	Polymer nanocomposites (PA/PP/PLA/epoxy/PU), barrier films and anticorrosion coatings, reinforced adhesives/sealants	High-aspect-ratio platelets/fibers build a “tortuous diffusion path” and load-bearing framework within the matrix; when interfacial bonding is good, load is efficiently transferred	Improved barrier properties (O₂/water vapor/solvents); increased strength/modulus; improved dimensional stability and creep resistance
B. Surface charge + CEC (cation exchange capacity) → assembly/modification/adsorption	Water-treatment adsorption (heavy metals/dyes/organic pollutants), solid-phase extraction/purification; preparation of organoclays for thixotropy and resin compatibility in solvent-based coatings; surface-functionalized carriers	Negatively charged layer surfaces and interlayer exchangeable ions (Na⁺/Ca²⁺) enable ion exchange and adsorption; quaternary ammonium intercalation / silane coupling enables organophilization and functionalization	Adsorption and pollutant removal; targeted surface modification/functionalization; organoclays for improved compatibility and thixotropy/anti-settling in organic systems
C. Colloidal and rheological behavior → thickening, thixotropy, suspension	Thixotropy and anti-sagging in waterborne coatings/inks; anti-settling in slurries/suspensions; 3D-printing inks (shear-thinning + thixotropic recovery); hydrogels/injectable systems	Synthetic clays/fibrous clays form “house-of-cards” or fibrous network structures in water, generating yield stress and thixotropic recovery; pH/salinity strongly affect network stability	Thickening and thixotropy; improved anti-sagging and application properties; suspension anti-settling and storage stability; constructing printable/injectable rheology windows
D. Thermal/combustion behavior + inorganic barrier effect → synergistic flame retardancy and heat resistance	Halogen-free flame-retardant plastics and coatings (synergy with APP/ATH/MDH), heat-resistant modified composites, smoke suppression and char-layer reinforcement systems	Inorganic platelets/framework form a barrier during combustion and promote densification of the char layer; synergy with P–N flame retardants and metal hydroxides reduces release of flammable volatiles and dripping	Synergistic flame retardancy (smoke suppression, anti-dripping, reinforced char barrier); improved heat resistance and thermal stability (system-dependent); improved overall fire performance metrics

Notes:

1. Surface charge and CEC differ significantly among clay minerals. Smectites (e.g., MMT) typically have negatively charged basal surfaces and relatively high CEC. For HNT, inner and outer surfaces may show different charge behavior influenced by pH; HNT is often described as having a relatively positive inner lumen (Al–OH) and a relatively negative outer surface (Si–OH), and its surface charge/zeta potential varies with pH and ionic strength. Kaolinite/halloysite generally have lower CEC, so functionalization routes should be chosen according to mineral type.
2. Nanoclay is often used as a synergist for flame retardancy/smoke suppression/char reinforcement. In halogen-free intumescent systems, a small amount of OMMT (e.g., ~3 wt%) can significantly improve the LOI of APP/IFR-PP and help pass UL-94 ratings (performance depends on the specific formulation). It typically needs to be combined with P–N systems or metal hydroxides, and may also increase viscosity and change the processing window.
3. Quaternary ammonium intercalants used in organo-modified clays have a thermal decomposition window; for high-temperature processing (e.g., certain engineering plastics), risks such as volatilization/discoloration/performance fluctuations should be evaluated.

Mechanism of Action: Intercalation, Exfoliation, Modification, and “Dispersion” Are the Core

In materials/formulations, nanoclay performance depends heavily on its morphology in the system:

1. Agglomerated (poor effect): behaves like powder particles; limited improvement; may cause embrittlement/increased haze.
2. Intercalated: polymer chains enter the interlayer galleries; properties improve noticeably.
3. Exfoliated: single-layer platelets are dispersed; small additions can deliver large reinforcement.
4. Intercalation/exfoliation mechanisms mainly apply to layered, swellable clays (e.g., MMT). Fibrous clays (sepiolite/palygorskite) rely more on fibrous network architecture and interfacial interactions, while HNT relies more on lumen loading and surface modification.
5. Note: complete exfoliation is not always the easiest to process. The more fully exfoliated the system, the more likely viscosity/yield stress will rise, narrowing the processing window. Some toughness/transparency/appearance defects may worsen with excessive exfoliation or improper dispersion (e.g., haze, stress concentration).

Common implementation routes include:

1. Ion exchange / intercalation modification: use quaternary ammonium salts, etc., to turn hydrophilic interlayers more organophilic, facilitating entry into organic resins.
2. Silane coupling / titanate coupling: enhance interfacial bonding with resins.
3. Solution blending / melt shear / in situ polymerization: “break apart” clay and lock in the morphology.
4. pH / salt / solvent control: especially in aqueous systems, electrolytes strongly affect colloidal networks and stability.

Typical Applications in Chemical Reagents and Scientific Research

Application Area	Main Targets / Pain Points	Recommended Nanoclay / Material Types	Common Systems / Combination Examples	Selection and Use Notes
1. Polymer nanocomposites	Barrier (O₂/H₂O), reinforcement, heat and wear resistance, crack resistance	Layered: MMT/organo-MMT; Fibrous: sepiolite/palygorskite (rubber)	MMT/organo-MMT + PA6, PP, PET, PLA; organoclay + epoxy; sepiolite/palygorskite + rubber	Key factors are dispersion morphology (intercalated/exfoliated) and interfacial bonding; nonpolar resins often require compatibilization/modification strategies
2. Coatings/inks/adhesives/sealants	Thixotropic thickening, anti-sagging, anti-settling, barrier anticorrosion	Waterborne: Laponite/sepiolite; Solvent/solvent-free: organoclay; Anticorrosion: layered clay synergy	Waterborne: Laponite/sepiolite for thixotropy and anti-settling; solvent-based: organoclay thixotropy; anticorrosion coatings: layered barrier + synergy with zinc powder/phosphates	For waterborne systems: watch pH/salt sensitivity and thixotropic recovery; for solvent systems: match solvent polarity and use proper activation/dispersion processes
3. Environment and separation	Adsorption of heavy metals/dyes/organics; anti-fouling and selectivity in membranes	MMT/pillared or activated clays; sepiolite; surface-modified clays; HNT	Pb²⁺/Cd²⁺/Cu²⁺ adsorption; dye/hydrophobic organics adsorption (enhanced via modification); mixed-matrix membranes (MMM) for improved performance	Adsorption: focus on CEC, surface charge, pH and competing ions; membranes: focus on dispersion and interfacial defect control
4. Catalysis and supports	Solid-acid catalysis, immobilized catalysis, photocatalysis synergy, recyclability	Acid-activated clay / Montmorillonite K-10 / pillared clay; HNT metal loading; composites with TiO₂/ZnO	Acid-activated clay for esterification/alkylation; HNT loading Pd/Au/Fe₃O₄ for catalysis/magnetic recovery; TiO₂/ZnO + clay for improved dispersion stability	Catalysis: focus on surface area/porosity/acid sites and metal loading stability; magnetic recovery: focus on robust composites and reusability
5. Biomedical / biomaterials	Drug loading & controlled release, injectable/3D-printable hydrogels, antibacterial	HNT (drug loading); Laponite (hydrogel reinforcement & shear-thinning); composites with Ag⁺/Zn²⁺ or quaternary ammonium for antibacterial	HNT lumen loading of small molecules/proteins/antibacterials; Laponite strengthens hydrogels and provides shear-thinning; Ag⁺/Zn²⁺/quaternary ammonium synergistic antibacterial	Consider biocompatibility and impurity/endotoxin risks (depending on application); release profiles and antibacterial durability should be verified
6. 3D printing and functional fluids	Shear-thinning + thixotropic recovery; holds shape after stopping flow	Laponite/sepiolite (rheology framework)	“Printable ink” rheology design: flows under extrusion, rapidly solidifies upon rest	Key is yield stress + recovery speed; salt/pH/solids content define the printing window and collapse risk

Selection and Use Guidelines

1. Is the system aqueous or organic?

• Aqueous rheology: prioritize Laponite, sepiolite/palygorskite
• Organic resin dispersion: prioritize organo-MMT (quaternary ammonium modified) + coupling agents/high-shear dispersion

2. Ionic strength / salt content (aqueous systems are highly sensitive)

• Electrolytes may cause clay colloids to collapse/flocculate, leading to uncontrolled rheology

3. Moisture content and drying

• Clays are hygroscopic; moisture can affect resin reactions, interfaces, and bubble/defect formation

4. Dispersion methods

• Ultrasonication/high-speed shear/three-roll milling/ball milling/melt extrusion, etc., strongly influence the final morphology

5. Recommended characterization

• XRD (interlayer spacing changes), TEM/SEM (exfoliation and agglomeration), TGA (modification level/thermal stability), FTIR (functional groups), BET (surface area), Zeta potential (dispersion stability), rheology curves (thixotropy and yield stress)
• Note: In polymer nanocomposites, weakening/disappearance of the d001 peak may result from exfoliation, but may also arise from disordering/orientation distribution changes; therefore, morphology is usually determined by XRD + TEM together.

Aladdin Related Product List

Nanoclay and Modified Nanoclay Product List (Core materials, derivatives/modified products, and thixotropes)

Category	CAS No.	Aladdin Cat. No.	Product Name	Specification or Purity	Key Features or Functions
Core nanoclay material	1302-78-9	N431707	Nanoclay, hydrophilic bentonite	–	Hydrophilic layered clay; for thickening/thixotropy in water-based systems or hydrophilic matrices, suspension anti-settling, barrier and mechanical reinforcement; also a base material for further intercalation/modification
Core nanoclay material	53320-86-8	S303912	Sodium magnesium lithium silicate	≥98%	Synthetic nanoclay (Laponite-type); forms a network in water, providing shear-thinning/thixotropic recovery/suspension stability; suitable for hydrogels, coating rheology, and 3D-printing inks
Core nanoclay material	1332-58-7	H431905	Halloysite nanoclay	–	Tubular/hollow structure; suitable for loading actives (controlled release/antibacterial/catalysis) and composite reinforcement; also widely used in adsorption/carrier research
Core nanoclay material	1318-93-0	M141491	Montmorillonite	Pharmaceutical grade, PharmPure™	Classic layered clay; used for adsorption, suspending aid, stabilization, and composite reinforcement; pharmaceutical grade is suitable for impurity-sensitive systems
Core nanoclay material	63800-37-3	S304245	Sepiolite powder	≥400 mesh	Fibrous network structure; provides thixotropic thickening and anti-settling, with some adsorption capacity; finer mesh is more favorable for dispersion
Core nanoclay material	63800-37-3	S304244	Sepiolite powder	≥200 mesh	General-purpose thixotrope/anti-settling and adsorptive filler; coarser particle size may suit some high-loading systems (select according to dispersion and surface requirements)
Derivative/modified clay (adsorption/catalysis)	139264-88-3	M476106	Montmorillonite (aluminum-pillared clay)	surface area 250 m²/g	More stable pore structure and higher surface area after pillaring; used for adsorption/catalyst supports/solid-acid research; strong differentiation
Derivative/modified clay (adsorption/catalysis)	1318-93-0	M758183	Montmorillonite K-10	Powder	Commonly used for adsorption and solid-acid catalysis (organic synthesis, purification, supports); can also serve as an “activated clay” reference material
Surface-modified nanoclay	–	N477270	Nanoclay, surface modified	contains 35–45 wt.% dimethyl dialkyl (C14–C18) amine	Amine organophilization; improves organophilicity and resin compatibility, promotes intercalated/exfoliated dispersion, enhances mechanical/barrier/heat resistance
Surface-modified nanoclay	–	N477269	Nanoclay, surface modified	contains 25–30 wt.% trimethyl stearyl ammonium	Typical quaternary ammonium intercalated organoclay; for thixotropy, anti-settling, barrier reinforcement, and improved compatibility in resin systems
Surface-modified nanoclay	–	N477268	Nanoclay, surface modified	contains 15–35 wt.% octadecylamine, 0.5–5 wt.% aminopropyltriethoxysilane	Dual modification (amine + silane); combines organophilic dispersion with interfacial bonding, suitable for interface reinforcement and improved water resistance/durability
Organoclay thixotrope	1302-78-9	B102861	Bentonite	Bentone SD-2, suitable for medium to high polarity solvents	Solvent-based thixotrope; improves thickening, anti-sagging, anti-settling, and suspension stability (prioritize for medium/high polarity systems)
Organoclay thixotrope	1302-78-9	B102863	Bentonite (bentonite clay)	BENTONE 38, used in polar solvent systems	For polar solvent/resin systems; strong thixotropy and anti-settling; suitable for high-polarity formulations
Organoclay thixotrope	1302-78-9	B102862	Bentonite (bentonite clay)	BENTONE 27, used in medium to high polarity solvents	General for medium/high polarity systems; used for anti-settling, anti-sagging, and application rheology optimization
Organoclay thixotrope	1302-78-9	B102860	Bentonite (bentonite clay)	Bentone SD-1, suitable for medium to low polarity solvents	Thixotrope for medium/low polarity systems; used for thickening, anti-settling, and anti-sagging (better matched to low-polarity solvents)

Reference Clays / Mineral Fillers (Non-nano)

Category	CAS No.	Aladdin Cat. No.	Product Name	Specification or Purity	Key Features or Functions
Reference clay/mineral filler (non-nano)	1332-58-7	K100133	Ultrafine kaolin	≤2.5 µm, calcined	Inorganic filler/reference clay: improves stiffness, heat resistance, dimensional stability, and coating film density; ultrafine grade favors reinforcement and densification
Reference clay/mineral filler (non-nano)	1332-58-7	K100132	Ultrafine kaolin	3000 mesh (5 µm), calcined	Calcined kaolin filler; for reinforcement and wear resistance in coatings/plastics/rubber; stabilizes rheology
Reference clay/mineral filler (non-nano)	1332-58-7	K100131	Ultrafine kaolin	>1250 mesh (11 µm), calcined	General-purpose calcined kaolin; for filling/reinforcement, heat resistance, and dimensional stability
Reference clay/mineral filler (non-nano)	1332-58-7	K100134	Kaolin	Pharmaceutical grade, PharmPure™	Pharmaceutical-grade kaolin; for adsorption, carriers, flow aid/suspending aid where higher purity sensitivity applies
Reference clay/mineral filler (non-nano)	1332-58-7	K431903	Kaolin	Anhydrous grade	Low moisture; suitable for water-sensitive systems (certain resins/reaction systems); used as dry filler/adsorption carrier
Reference clay/mineral filler (non-nano)	1332-58-7	K299133	Kaolin	Filler grade, kaolinite content ≥80%	Clear composition and good reproducibility; used for filling/reinforcement/rheology control/cost optimization
Reference clay/mineral filler (non-nano)	1332-58-7	K1373699	Kaolin	Filler grade, whiteness ≥85%	High whiteness; suitable for coatings/plastics requiring good appearance while providing filling performance
Reference clay/mineral filler (non-nano)	1332-58-7	K299130	Kaolin	Filler grade, whiteness ≥75%	Balanced whiteness and cost-effectiveness; general filler/reference material
Reference clay/mineral filler (non-nano)	1332-58-7	K299131	Kaolin	Filler grade, whiteness ≥65%	General filler; for base formulations in coatings/plastics/rubber, etc.
Reference clay/mineral filler (non-nano)	1332-58-7	K299132	Kaolin	Filler grade, sedimentation volume ≥3 ml/g	Sedimentation volume helps evaluate suspension/dispersion characteristics; used for anti-settling and rheology selection
Reference clay/mineral filler (non-nano)	1332-58-7	K431904	Kaolin	Heavy, powder	Heavy filling and densification; used for filling, flow, and thixotropy window tuning (adjust per system)
Reference clay/mineral filler (non-nano)	1318-00-9	V302378	Vermiculite	20–40 mesh	Layered mineral; used for thermal insulation, barrier, adsorption, and filling; can also serve as a reference for clay/nanosheet systems

Nanoclay Support and Related Product List

Category	CAS No.	Aladdin Cat. No.	Product Name	Specification or Purity	Key Features or Functions
Synergistic additives (flame retardancy / inorganic functional fillers)	68333-79-9	A669915	Ammonium polyphosphate (APP)	n ≥1500	Halogen-free P–N flame retardant; often synergistic with nanoclay (barrier/char formation), improving flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and anti-dripping
Synergistic additives (flame retardancy / inorganic functional fillers)	68333-79-9	A189185	Ammonium polyphosphate (APP)	n ≥1000	Degree of polymerization affects water resistance/processing/system compatibility; used as a main flame retardant or in synergistic systems
Synergistic additives (flame retardancy / inorganic functional fillers)	21645-51-2	A657564	Aluminum hydroxide	For preparing alumina	Common halogen-free flame-retardant filler; synergy with nanoclay can improve flame retardancy and mechanical/barrier performance (formulation-dependent)
Synergistic additives (flame retardancy / inorganic functional fillers)	1309-42-8	M104280	Magnesium hydroxide	Ultrapure, ≥99% (KT)	Halogen-free flame-retardant filler; higher decomposition temperature suits higher processing temperatures; can form synergistic barriers with clays
Synergistic additives (flame retardancy / inorganic functional fillers)	1314-13-2	Z431827	Zinc oxide	Ph.Eur, suitable for analysis, ACS, premium grade	Functional filler: antibacterial/UV shielding/filler; can be compounded with nanoclay to improve dispersion and durability
Synergistic additives (flame retardancy / inorganic functional fillers)	13463-67-7	T431947	Titanium dioxide (IV)	Premium grade, ≥99%	Functional filler: pigment/UV shielding/photocatalysis; compounding with clay may help dispersion stability and barrier performance (system-dependent)
Clay activation / ion-exchange basic reagents	1310-73-2	S111498	Sodium hydroxide	Premium reagent, ≥96%	Alkali activation / pH adjustment; used to tune clay dispersion stability and surface charge; in some systems used to assist “sodium activation/activation”
Clay activation / ion-exchange basic reagents	497-19-8	S432764	Sodium carbonate	Anhydrous, premium reagent, suitable for analysis	Commonly used for bentonite “sodium activation/ion exchange” and pH adjustment; affects swelling and dispersibility (widely used in clay treatment)
Clay activation / ion-exchange basic reagents	7647-01-0	H485680	Fuming hydrochloric acid 37% (precursor regulated)	Premium reagent, suitable for analysis, max. 0.001 ppm Hg	Acid activation/impurity removal/pH adjustment; for clay acid treatment and surface activation (ensure compliance and safety)
Clay activation / ion-exchange basic reagents	7664-93-9	S485807	Sulfuric acid (precursor regulated)	Premium reagent, suitable for analysis, ≥98%	Strong-acid activation; can increase surface area/acid sites for some clays (ensure safety and compliance)
Solvents for dispersion / intercalation studies	68-12-2	D119450	N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF)	Anhydrous, ≥99.8%	Polar solvent; commonly used for polymer/nanomaterial dispersion and composite preparation (anhydrous grade is preferable for water-sensitive systems)
Solvents for dispersion / intercalation studies	872-50-4	M119668	N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)	Anhydrous, ≥99.5%	High-boiling polar solvent; used for polymer dissolution, nanomaterial dispersion, and membrane/coating preparation
Solvents for dispersion / intercalation studies	67-68-5	D103280	Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)	Pharmaceutical grade, PharmPure™	Polar solvent; used for dissolution/dispersion and preparation of surfactant solutions; pharmaceutical grade suits impurity-sensitive applications
Clay modification reagents (quaternary ammonium / intercalation templates)	1119-94-4	D431486	Dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB)	BioReagent Plus, ≥99%	Cationic surfactant; for clay intercalation modification and dispersion/interface control; research grade supports reproducibility
Clay modification reagents (quaternary ammonium / intercalation templates)	1119-94-4	D105301	Dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB)	≥99%	High-purity DTAB; used for organophilization modification and dispersion system construction
Clay modification reagents (quaternary ammonium / intercalation templates)	57-09-0	H108983	Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)	≥99%	Classic CTAB; commonly used for organophilic intercalation, templating/self-assembly, and interface control in clay modification
Clay modification reagents (quaternary ammonium / intercalation templates)	57-09-0	H108984	Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)	Analytical standard, for environmental analysis	Method development/QC; suitable for analytical testing customers
Clay modification reagents (quaternary ammonium / intercalation templates)	57-09-0	H424816	Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)	10 mM in DMSO	Pre-made solution; convenient for rapid template/modification experiments and improved reproducibility
Clay modification reagents (silane coupling / interface enhancement)	919-30-2	A107147	3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (often written as APTES in literature)	≥99%	Amino silane; for inorganic surface functionalization to introduce —NH₂, improving dispersion and interfacial strength (high purity supports research reproducibility)
Clay modification reagents (silane coupling / interface enhancement)	919-30-2	A107148	3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (often written as APTES in literature)	≥98%	General-grade amino silane; used for clay/oxide surface modification and composite reinforcement
Clay modification reagents (silane coupling / epoxy systems)	2530-83-8	G107576	3-Glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane	≥97%	Epoxy silane; suitable for epoxy/coatings/adhesives, improving adhesion, water/chemical resistance, and interfacial bonding
Clay modification reagents (silane coupling / polymerizable grafting)	2768-02-7	V162969	Vinyltrimethoxysilane	≥98% (GC)	Vinyl silane; used for inorganic surface treatment in grafting/crosslinking systems to improve compatibility and crosslinking efficiency
Key materials for functionalization/composites	1317-61-9	O301798	Oleic-acid-modified magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄)	Particle size: 5–10 nm; concentration: 5 mg/mL; solvent: cyclohexane	Hydrophobic magnetic nanoparticles; suitable for magnetic nanoclay composites/recyclable adsorbents/magnetic separation catalyst supports (better matched with organoclay or hydrophobic matrices)
Key materials for functionalization/composites	7761-88-8	S197267	Silver nitrate concentrate	Dilute to 1 L for use; concentration after dilution: 0.1 M	Ag⁺ source; for preparing Ag@clay/HNT antibacterial composites, ion-exchange loading, and controlled-release systems
Key materials for functionalization/composites	9012-76-4	C105802	Chitosan	Medium viscosity, 200–400 mPa·s	Biopolymer matrix; nanoclay composites can improve mechanical properties, film/gel formation, adsorption, and antibacterial carrier capability (commonly used in hydrogels/films/adsorbents)

Notes:

(1) Some kaolinite-group materials (e.g., kaolin/halloysite) may share CAS 1332-58-7 in supply chains; please distinguish by mineral name, morphology (HNT tubular), hydration state, and characterization results.

(2) The list above includes representative Aladdin products only. For more specifications, please refer to the product list at the end of the document or search by CAS number on the Aladdin website.

Aladdin: https://www.aladdinsci.com/