This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as secondary alcohols. These are compounds containing a secondary alcohol functional group, with the general structure HOC(R)(R') (R,R'=alkyl, aryl).
External Descriptors
Not available
1. Djoumbou Feunang Y, Eisner R, Knox C, Chepelev L, Hastings J, Owen G, Fahy E, Steinbeck C, Subramanian S, Bolton E, Greiner R, and Wishart DS. ClassyFire: Automated Chemical Classification With A Comprehensive, Computable Taxonomy. Journal of Cheminformatics, 2016, 8:61.
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Application Protocols
Not applicable to this product.
No immunoassay or bioanalytical “tested applications” (e.g., WB, IHC, IF, FC) are relevant to a small-molecule solvent/reagent. For practical usage examples, see the Reaction & Applications and Reaction Conditions sections for literature-based procedural guidance.
Biological Roles
Applicability
This product is a chemical reagent for research use only. It is not intended for biological administration. The following notes are general biochemical context for the 2-propanol scaffold and isotopic studies.
General biochemistry (literature)
Metabolism: 2-Propanol is oxidized by alcohol dehydrogenase to acetone with concomitant reduction of NAD+ to NADH. Deuterium at C-2 can be used to probe the stereochemistry and kinetics of hydride transfer during enzymatic oxidation (isotope effect and tracing of D incorporation into NAD(D)).
Protein/nucleic acid handling: Isopropanol is widely used to precipitate DNA/RNA from aqueous buffers due to reduced dielectric constant relative to water. The deuterated analogue behaves similarly in bulk solution properties but is typically reserved for mechanistic or MS tracing experiments rather than routine bioprocessing due to cost and the desire to preserve isotopic enrichment.
Microbial/enzymatic studies: Deuterated substrates allow elucidation of kinetic isotope effects, solvent isotope effects, and metabolic flux by MS/NMR tracing.
Notes
No endogenous biological role is attributed to isopropanol; it is an exogenous solvent/substrate. Avoid conflating these research uses with any clinical or diagnostic application.
Buffer Applications
Not typically applicable.
2-Propanol-2-d₁ is not a buffering agent and does not form a conventional conjugate acid/base pair in the physiological pH range. It therefore is not used to maintain pH in buffer systems.
Relevant lab uses (literature/general)
Co-solvent in aqueous buffers to modulate polarity for protein/nucleic acid precipitation or enzyme activity assays. The deuterated variant may be used when isotopic tracing in aqueous systems is needed (e.g., solvent isotope effect studies), but routine buffering should employ dedicated buffers (e.g., phosphate, Tris, HEPES).
If any aqueous formulations are prepared with this solvent for research, validate pH separately and monitor for isotopic exchange that could dilute deuterium content.
Green Alternatives
Context (literature/general)
Isopropanol is already considered a relatively benign, volatile organic solvent with favorable green metrics compared to chlorinated hydrocarbons. It is produced at scale from propene/acetone routes and is biodegradable.
Greener choices and tradeoffs
Ethanol (bio-based): Lower toxicity and renewable sourcing. Higher polarity may change reaction selectivity; different azeotrope behavior with water.
2-MeTHF/CPME (bio-derived ethers): Good for water-tolerant organometallic chemistry; immiscible with water for easier workup. However, peroxidizable and aprotic (different mechanisms). Not isotopically labeled in the same way; not suitable when a deuterium tracer is needed.
Water: The greenest solvent; limited by substrate solubility and incompatibility with water-sensitive reagents. Not a substitute where a deuterated, protic organic medium is required.
Comparison snapshot (literature)
Environmental, health, and safety: i-PrOH has low chronic toxicity and is readily biodegradable; still highly flammable and VOC-emissive.
Process considerations: Distills at ~82–83 °C; forms azeotropes useful for drying operations. Deuterated i-PrOH provides unique mechanistic information unavailable from greener unlabeled alternatives.
Takeaway
When an isotopic label is essential, 2-propanol-2-d₁ has no direct “green” replacement. For non-isotopic roles (e.g., simple solvent), consider ethanol or water where feasible, balancing polarity, reactivity, and process safety.
Pharmaceutical Uses
Scope and limitations
This product is for research use only. Deuterated 2-propanol is not a standard pharmaceutical excipient.
General industry context (literature/general)
Parent 2-propanol (isopropyl alcohol) appears in pharmacopeias (e.g., USP/NF, Ph. Eur.) as a processing solvent and antiseptic in topical formulations; however, those monographs do not apply to this deuterated reagent.
In drug substance/process development, deuterated reagents like 2-propanol-2-d₁ may be employed as mechanistic probes to understand reaction pathways, impurity origins, or solvent participation via isotopic labeling and MS tracking.
Practical guidance
If used in a GMP or GLP context for mechanistic studies, ensure segregation from excipient-grade isopropyl alcohol and document isotopic content and analytical characterization (NMR, MS). No substitution should be made for pharmacopeial-grade materials in manufacturing or formulation without appropriate regulatory justification.
Physical Properties
Item-specific (from Product Data)
Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Grade/Purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Literature/general properties for the isotopologue and parent solvent (reference values; not product specifications)
Boiling point: ~82–83 °C at 1 atm (literature, parent 2-propanol; deuteration has negligible effect on BP)
Melting point: ~−89 °C (literature, parent 2-propanol)
Density: ~0.785 g/mL at 20 °C (literature, parent 2-propanol)
Refractive index (n20 D): ~1.377 (literature)
Dielectric constant (20 °C): ~18–20 (literature)
LogP (octanol/water): approximately 0 to −0.1 (literature)
pKa (ROH acidity in water): ~16–18 (very weak acid; literature)
Solubility: Miscible with water and with most organic solvents; salts generally insoluble (literature)
Notes for practitioners
Isotopic substitution with a single deuterium at C-2 produces only minimal changes in bulk physical properties relative to 2-propanol; use standard handling and process conditions typical for isopropanol unless your application is sensitive to subtle isotope effects (e.g., kinetic studies, spectroscopy). Always verify lot-specific specifications on the CoA if an exact density/refractive index is required for quantitative work.
Quality & Grades
Item-specific (from Product Data)
Grade/Purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Stabilizers/additives: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Guidance for deuterated solvents/reagents (general)
Isotopic enrichment: Deuterated reagents are defined by deuterium incorporation at the specified position (here, C-2). Typical metrics include isotopic purity at the labeled site and overall protium content. Verify on the CoA by NMR or MS data.
Water/peroxide/UV specs: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. For moisture-sensitive or spectroscopic applications, check Karl Fischer results and UV cutoffs if applicable.
Chromatography/NMR use: For NMR, residual protium signals at the methine position can be diagnostic; verify the residual CH content if using as an internal standard or mechanistic probe.
What the grade implies (examples, literature/general)
“Isotopic” or “Deuterated reagent” grades focus on isotope incorporation rather than HPLC absorbance. If an HPLC or GC grade is offered, it typically ensures low non-volatile residue and low UV background; absent here.
Recommendations
Request the current CoA for: isotopic enrichment at C-2, residual water (KF), non-volatile residue, and GC purity. These parameters are application-dependent (e.g., kinetic isotope effect measurements vs. routine synthesis).
Reaction & Applications
Key application domains (literature/general)
Isotopic tracer and kinetic isotope effect (KIE) studies: The C-2 D label enables probing of hydride/deuteride transfer steps in oxidation, transfer hydrogenation, and solvolysis mechanisms.
Hydrogen donor/acceptor medium: Widely used as a sacrificial hydrogen donor in catalytic transfer hydrogenation (e.g., Ru, Ir, or Ni catalysts). The d₁ label allows tracing of deuteride delivery to substrates.
Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley (MPV) reduction/Oppenauer oxidation: i-PrOH as hydride donor (MPV) and its conjugate acetone as acceptor (Oppenauer). Using 2-propanol-2-d₁ distinguishes D vs H transfer pathways.
Solvolysis and substitution reactions: As a polar protic solvent, i-PrOH favors SN1 mechanisms and can participate in solvolysis to generate isopropyl ethers/esters.
Workup/extraction: Common quench medium for reactive hydrides and metal alkyls; deuterated variant can label intermediates via H/D exchange under basic or catalytic conditions.
Analytical uses: Internal standard/spike for MS to correct for matrix effects and evaporation losses due to mass shift relative to protio i-PrOH.
Practical notes
Maintain anhydrous conditions when water competes with isotopic labeling. Even trace water can scramble D incorporation.
Acid/base catalysis can accelerate H/D exchange at C-2; exploit purposefully for labeling, or minimize by neutral conditions and low temperature if preservation of the D label is required.
Monitor isotopic integrity by 1H/2H NMR or GC–MS before and after reactions.
Reaction Conditions
General guidance from literature (not product specifications)
Transfer hydrogenation: Substrates such as ketones or imines; catalysts like Ru(p-cymene)Cl2 dimer with a diamine ligand or Noyori/Ikariya catalysts; base (e.g., KOH or t-BuOK) 0.5–5 mol%; solvent and hydrogen donor: 2-propanol-2-d₁ neat or as major component; 25–80 °C; hours-scale; monitor D incorporation into the reduced product by 2H NMR/GC–MS.
MPV reduction: Aluminum isopropoxide (0.2–1.0 equiv relative to carbonyl) in i-PrOH-2-d₁; reflux (~82–83 °C); water exclusion recommended; reaction times 2–24 h depending on substrate. Expect incorporation of deuterium at the alcohol product’s alpha position when hydride originates from C-2.
Oppenauer oxidation: Opposite direction using acetone or another acceptor; in the presence of Al(OiPr)3; 40–80 °C; monitor for D in the resulting acetone.
Solvolysis/SN1: Tertiary/benzylic substrates generate isopropyl ethers/esters; room temperature to reflux; acidic catalysis may accelerate but can also promote H/D scrambling.
Practical controls
Quantify isotopic purity of starting solvent by 1H vs 2H NMR prior to use. Recheck after reaction to assess D loss.
Minimize adventitious water (dry with 3 Å sieves) to reduce H/D dilution; avoid strongly basic drying agents that catalyze exchange.
For kinetic isotope effect studies, run matched reactions in i-PrOH and i-PrOH-2-d₁ with identical conditions and analyze rate differences.
Safety & Handling
Item-specific (from Product Data)
Hazard statements, signal word, GHS classification, pictograms: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
Storage: Room temperature (as listed). Keep container tightly closed.
Literature-based GHS guidance for 2-propanol (reference only; consult the SDS for this item)
H-Statements: H225 (Highly flammable liquid and vapor); H319 (Causes serious eye irritation); H336 (May cause drowsiness or dizziness)
Pictograms: GHS02 (flame), GHS07 (exclamation)
Handling and PPE
Use in a fume hood or well-ventilated area. Avoid ignition sources, static discharge, and hot surfaces. Ground/bond during transfer.
Recommended PPE: Safety glasses or face shield, lab coat, nitrile gloves; use splash goggles for large-scale handling.
Incompatibilities: Strong oxidizers (risk of exotherm), strong acids/bases (can promote dehydration to propene or esters), reactive metals in the presence of moisture.
Special risks: As a secondary alcohol, peroxide formation is far less pronounced than with ethers, but long-opened containers should still be checked if subjected to concentration/evaporation.
First aid (overview; defer to SDS)
Inhalation: Move to fresh air; monitor respiration.
Skin/eye contact: Flush with water for at least 15 minutes; remove contaminated clothing; seek medical evaluation for eye exposure.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting; seek medical advice.
Firefighting
Use alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical, or CO2. Water spray can cool containers but may be ineffective on flames.
Solvent Selection
Compound type and polarity
Type: Polar protic solvent (secondary alcohol), hydrogen-bond donor and acceptor.
Miscible with water, alcohols, ethers, ketones, esters, chlorinated solvents, and many hydrocarbons; poor solvent for many inorganic salts.
When to choose 2-propanol-2-d₁
Select when a polar protic environment is needed and isotopic tracing, mass-balance by MS, or kinetic isotope studies are integral to the experiment.
Useful as a hydrogen/deuterium donor medium in transfer-hydrogenation or H/D exchange studies where the secondary C–D bond is mechanistically informative.
Comparisons (literature/general)
Versus methanol/ethanol: Lower polarity than MeOH/EtOH; better for reducing solvation of anions and favoring SN1 over SN2 processes; less toxic than MeOH.
Versus acetonitrile or THF: i-PrOH is protic and can quench strong bases/nucleophiles; ACN/THF are aprotic and better for many substitutions/organometallics.
Versus tert-butanol: Similar proticity but higher fluidity and lower mp than t-BuOH; better low-temperature handling.
Practical tips
Drying: Distill from activated molecular sieves (3 Å) if water-sensitive applications demand it (literature). Verify that drying doesn’t erode isotopic enrichment via exchange.
Avoid strongly basic drying agents that may catalyze H/D exchange at the labeled center.
Storage & Reconstitution
Item-specific (from Product Data)
Storage conditions: Room temperature.
Shipped in: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
General guidance (literature/practice)
Container: Store in a tightly sealed amber glass bottle to minimize evaporation and limit light exposure. Use PTFE-lined caps for chemical resistance.
Atmosphere: Normal lab atmosphere is generally acceptable; for maximal isotopic integrity, minimize prolonged exposure to moisture and strong acids/bases that can catalyze H/D exchange.
Stability: Chemically stable under recommended conditions. Secondary alcohols have low propensity for peroxide formation; nonetheless, avoid concentrating aged material without appropriate checks if contamination is suspected.
Reconstitution: Not applicable; supplied as a ready-to-use liquid. If dilution is required, use dry, compatible solvents (e.g., anhydrous 2-propanol, dry aprotic solvents, or deuterated co-solvents) to preserve isotopic labeling.
Handling losses: Highly volatile; minimize headspace and open-time. For analytical use, gravimetric additions or calibrated syringes improve precision.
Regulatory/usage note
For research use only. Consult the product’s SDS for definitive safety, transport, and disposal information.
Structure & Identity
Item-specific (from Product Data)
SKU: P472007
Product name: 2-Propanol-2-d₁
CAS: 3972-26-7
PubChem CID: 12213344
InChIKey: 179146 (as provided)
Storage (as listed): Room temperature
Literature/computed identifiers and description (for reference only)
Common name: Isopropanol-2-d₁ (isotopologue of isopropyl alcohol)
Molecular formula (d₁ isotopologue): C3H7DO (literature/computed)
2D structural features: Secondary alcohol with a central secondary carbon bearing one deuterium (D), one hydroxyl (–OH), and two methyl groups (–CH3). No rings; one stereogenic center only if substituted asymmetrically by isotopic labeling (D vs H renders the central carbon formally stereogenic in an isotopic sense).
Notes
This product is an isotopically labeled analogue of 2-propanol with the methine hydrogen at C-2 replaced by deuterium. The isotopic label makes it valuable for tracer studies, kinetic isotope effect measurements, and as a deuterium donor/acceptor in exchange processes. Refer to the CoA/SDS for definitive identifiers specific to the lot.
Synthetic Utility
Functional roles (literature/general)
Polar protic solvent: Facilitates SN1 reactions and solvolysis; can act as a nucleophile to form isopropyl ethers/esters.
Hydride/deuteride donor: In transfer hydrogenation of ketones/imines with homogeneous catalysts (Ru, Ir, Fe), 2-propanol serves as a hydrogen source; the d₁ label allows following D transfer incorporation into products.
MPV reduction/Oppenauer oxidation: With aluminum isopropoxide, i-PrOH donates hydride to carbonyls (MPV). Conversely, Oppenauer oxidations produce acetone; deuterium tracing confirms hydride-transfer steps.
H/D exchange/labeling: Under acid, base, or metal catalysis, the C-2 D can exchange with labile positions on substrates or solvents, enabling targeted or solvent-mediated isotopic labeling.
Strategic applications
Mechanistic elucidation: Measure primary kinetic isotope effects when breaking C–D vs C–H at the secondary center.
Internal standardization: Use as a process or analytical internal standard with predictable retention/response offsets in GC/MS workflows relative to i-PrOH.
Tips and caveats
Preserve isotopic integrity by minimizing prolonged exposure to strong acids/bases or metal catalysts unless exchange is intended.
When using as a hydrogen donor, consider catalyst/ligand systems known to favor i-PrOH-mediated transfer (e.g., Ru p-cymene complexes, Noyori/Ikariya-type bifunctional catalysts) and quantify D incorporation by MS/NMR.
Target Specificity
Not applicable to this product.
2-Propanol-2-d₁ is a small-molecule solvent/reagent and has no antibody/antigen or biomacromolecular target specificity. No clone, isotype, species reactivity, or epitope information applies.
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