Ciwujianoside D2 , CAS No.114892-57-8

CAS: 114892-57-8 Cat. No.: C1440872 Formula: C₅₄H₈₄O₂₂ Molecular Weight: 1085.23

Storage

Store at -20°C

Shipped In

Ice chest + Ice pads

Overview

Ciwujianoside D2, a saponin compound, can enhance pancreatic lipase activity in vitro.

Specifications

Storage

Store at -20°C

Shipped In

Ice chest + Ice pads

This product requires cold chain shipping. Ground and other economy services are not available.

Action Type

INHIBITOR

Names and Identifiers

• Molecular Weight: 1085.23

Application Protocols

No catalog-tested immunoassay protocols (WB, IHC, IF, FC) apply to this small molecule. However, typical research workflows include (literature/general):

• Preparation of stock solutions:
  • Dissolve in anhydrous DMSO (e.g., 10–50 mM if solubility allows) or methanol/ethanol; vortex and sonicate briefly if needed.
  • Filter through 0.22 µm PTFE for analytical injections.
• LC–MS quantitation (outline):
  • Prepare a 6–8 point calibration in matrix-matched solvent (e.g., 20–90% MeOH/H2O with 0.1% FA).
  • Inject 1–10 µL on C18 UHPLC; detect with ESI–MS or ELSD/CAD; compute linear regression with appropriate weighting.
• Cell-free biochemical assays (if applicable to your lab study):
  • Dilute DMSO stocks into assay buffer to the desired concentration, maintaining constant vehicle across samples; include vehicle controls.

Item-specific, validated protocols are not provided in this listing. Refer to your method SOPs and the literature for detailed steps.

Biological Roles

Background (literature/general):

• Chemical class: triterpenoid saponin (glycoside). Saponins are amphiphiles comprising a hydrophobic triterpene aglycone and hydrophilic sugar moieties.
• Natural occurrence: reported from Acanthopanax/Eleutherococcus species (“ciwujia,” Siberian ginseng). Within plants, such saponins are secondary metabolites implicated in defense against herbivores and microbes and may modulate membrane properties.
• Biochemical behaviors in vitro: saponins can form micelles, interact with sterols (e.g., cholesterol) in membranes, and facilitate permeabilization/detergent-like effects at sufficient concentrations (mechanistic, non-clinical context).

Research relevance:

• Serves as a chemotaxonomic marker for profiling of Eleutherococcus species by metabolomics.
• Utilized in studies of glycosidase-mediated hydrolysis and structure–activity relationships among triterpenoid glycosides.

Caveats:

• Specific molecular targets and pathways for Ciwujianoside D2 have not been provided in this listing. For any biological testing, define concentration ranges carefully and include appropriate vehicle and negative controls. No medical or clinical claims are made or implied.

Buffer Applications

This item is not a buffering reagent. It does not serve as a conventional buffer component.

Practical guidance (research use):

• When preparing assay solutions or standards, dissolve first in a suitable organic co-solvent (e.g., DMSO or ethanol), then dilute into your buffer (e.g., PBS, HEPES) while mixing to prevent precipitation and foaming.
• Maintain neutral to mildly acidic pH during handling to minimize glycoside hydrolysis (literature). Avoid strong base.

For buffer recipes, use established buffering agents (phosphate, HEPES, MOPS). This compound is the analyte/ligand, not the buffer.

Green Alternatives

As a solid natural product, Ciwujianoside D2 itself is not a process solvent or bulk reagent. Greenness considerations center on solvent choices for handling, analysis, and purification.

Greener handling options (literature/general):

• Prefer aqueous alcohols over chlorinated solvents for dissolution, extraction, and chromatography where feasible.
• Use ethanol (bio-derived) or isopropanol as co-solvents instead of acetonitrile when compatible with your analytical method; note ACN often gives sharper peaks in LC–MS—balance performance vs sustainability.
• Normal-phase silica with dichloromethane can often be replaced by reversed-phase chromatography (C18) using water–ethanol/methanol gradients.

Comparison (typical trade-offs):

• Ethanol vs Acetonitrile: Ethanol is greener and safer but more viscous and UV-absorbing; may reduce LC pressure limits and sensitivity at low UV wavelengths.
• Aqueous MeOH vs Aqueous ACN: MeOH is less toxic but can increase backpressure and sometimes broaden peaks for highly polar analytes.

Operational tips:

• Minimize solvent volumes by using UHPLC or SPE cleanup.
• Consider ELSD/CAD detection to avoid low-UV issues and enable higher fractions of green solvents.

Item note: No alternative “green substitute” compound applies; this section addresses greener workflows surrounding this analyte.

Pharmaceutical Uses

This product is supplied strictly for research use only. No pharmacopeial status, excipient role, or clinical use is provided for this item.

Context (general, non-clinical):

• Triterpenoid saponins are sometimes explored in pre-formulation research as permeation enhancers or adjuvant-like components; however, such uses are investigational and outside the scope of this catalog entry.
• Formulation scientists handling saponins in research commonly employ aqueous ethanol or DMSO stocks, with attention to foaming and adsorption losses on plastics.

Item-specific regulatory/compendial information: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. No therapeutic claims are made or implied.

Physical Properties

Item-specific specifications:

• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Grade/Purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Literature/general physico-chemical characteristics for triterpenoid saponins (guidance only; verify for this compound):

• Physical state: typically an amorphous to microcrystalline solid; often foam-forming due to surfactant character.
• Solubility: generally freely soluble in polar aprotic/protic organic solvents (e.g., methanol, ethanol, n-butanol, DMSO) and in water to varying extents depending on sugar load; aqueous solubility may increase with mild warming or presence of co-solvents. Forms micellar solutions above a compound-specific CMC (literature).
• Partitioning: amphiphilic; effective logP is moderated by sugar chains; tends to partition into aqueous phases relative to non-glycosylated triterpenes (qualitative, literature).
• UV/Vis: weak chromophores; detection often at 203–210 nm for HPLC or via derivatization (literature). No UV cutoff specified for this item.
• Optical rotation: many saponins are optically active; magnitude and sign are structure-dependent (literature).
• Melting point/decomposition: many saponins decompose or foam before clear melting; specific MP not provided for this item.

Important: Do not treat the above as product specifications. For item-specific numeric values (mp, solubility limits, water content, residual solvents), see the CoA/Spec Sheet.

Quality & Grades

Item-specific grade/purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Interpretation and expectations (general guidance for a purified natural product standard):

• Research-grade small molecule: Typically purified to a defined purity by HPLC/UPLC and characterized by MS and NMR. When present, an HPLC purity percentage reflects area normalization at a given wavelength; note that saponins often have weak UV absorbance and purity may be confirmed by ELSD/CAD.
• Identity tests: High-resolution MS (accurate mass), 1H/13C NMR, and potentially sugar-composition analysis after hydrolysis. Optical rotation may be reported.
• Residual solvents/water: For hygroscopic glycosides, Karl Fischer water and residual alcohols may be present; item-specific limits are not provided here.
• Stabilizers: Typically none are added to saponins; any stabilizer would be declared on the CoA. For this item: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Best practices:

• Verify purity and identity upon receipt if your application is sensitive (analytical reference standard, bioassay). Record lot number and retain CoA spectra for method validation.

Reaction & Applications

This compound is primarily used as a reference standard and research-grade natural product rather than as a general-purpose reagent. Relevant applications (literature/general):

• Analytical standard:
  • Marker compound for authentication and quality assessment of Eleutherococcus/Acanthopanax materials by HPLC/UPLC–DAD, ELSD/CAD, or LC–MS/MS.
  • Calibration for quantitative metabolomics of triterpenoid saponins; supports method validation (linearity, LOD/LOQ, precision, recovery).
• Chemical characterization:
  • Structural elucidation via 1D/2D NMR (HSQC/HMBC/COSY/ROESY) to confirm sugar linkages and aglycone substitution pattern.
  • MS/MS fragmentation to profile neutral losses of sugars (e.g., 162, 146 Da, etc., dependent on sugar identity; literature guidance) for dereplication.
• Derivatization and reactivity (as a glycoside; literature):
  • Acid/base-catalyzed hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds to release aglycone and sugars; proceed under mild, controlled conditions to avoid degradation.
  • Selective acylation or silylation of hydroxyl groups for analytical GC derivatization (e.g., TMS derivatives) of hydrolysis products.
• Biological assay research: Employed in in vitro mechanistic studies and receptor/enzyme screening under controlled lab conditions (no clinical claims; research use only).

Practical tips:

• Avoid prolonged exposure to strong acids/bases or high temperatures during sample prep to prevent sugar cleavage.
• For LC–MS quantitation, use soft ionization (ESI) and monitor [M−H]− in negative mode or adducts ([M+Na]+) in positive mode; optimize source conditions to reduce in-source fragmentation (literature).

Reaction Conditions

Because this compound is most often used as an analytical standard, typical “reaction” conditions relate to sample preparation and analysis rather than bulk synthesis. The following are literature/general guidelines; adjust to your system.

• LC–MS/LC–DAD analysis:
  • Columns: C18 (2.1–4.6 mm ID), 1.7–5 µm.
  • Mobile phase: Water (A) and methanol or acetonitrile (B), often with 0.1% formic acid or 5–10 mM ammonium acetate for MS compatibility.
  • Gradient: 20–95% B over 15–30 min; detect at 203–210 nm or with ELSD/CAD.
  • Ionization: ESI positive and/or negative; monitor [M−H]− and sodium/potassium adducts.
• Hydrolysis (for aglycone analysis; analytical scale):
  • Acidic: 0.5–2 N HCl in 50–70% aqueous methanol, 60–90°C, 0.5–4 h; quench, neutralize, and extract aglycone (literature). Minimize exposure to avoid degradation.
  • Enzymatic: β-glucosidase or specific glycosidases in buffered aqueous media, pH 5–6, 25–37°C, hours to overnight.
• Protection/derivatization (analytical):
  • Silylation of hydrolysis products: BSTFA + 1% TMCS, 60–70°C, 30–60 min before GC–MS.

Yields and exact conditions are structure-dependent and should be optimized experimentally. No item-specific reaction data or guaranteed procedures are provided.

Safety & Handling

Authoritative safety information must be taken from the SDS.

• GHS classification: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• Signal word / pictograms / H-statements: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.

General handling guidance for saponin-type natural products (literature/general):

• Hazards: Saponins are surface-active and can disrupt cell membranes at sufficient concentrations in vitro; avoid inhalation of dust and contact with eyes/skin. Handle as a laboratory chemical of unknown hazard.
• PPE: Wear lab coat, safety glasses, and appropriate chemical-resistant gloves. Use a certified fume hood for weighing and solution preparation to minimize dust/aerosol exposure.
• Storage incompatibilities: Avoid strong oxidizers and strong acids/bases that can hydrolyze glycosidic bonds. Protect from moisture and prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures.
• First aid overview: If inhaled—move to fresh air; if on skin—wash with soap and water; if in eyes—rinse cautiously with water for several minutes; if ingested—rinse mouth. Seek medical attention if symptoms occur. Follow SDS guidance.
• Spill/cleanup: Avoid dust formation; collect solids by gentle sweeping or HEPA vacuum; wipe area with aqueous ethanol.
• Waste: Dispose in accordance with institutional and local regulations for organic laboratory waste.

Shipping/storage from Product Data:

• Shipped in: Ice chest + ice pads (cold chain).
• Storage: Store at −20°C.

Solvent Selection

Ciwujianoside D2 is expected to be amphiphilic (triterpenoid saponin, literature). Practical dissolution choices:

• Primary stock solvents (common practice):
  • DMSO (anhydrous): excellent solvating power for many saponins; compatible with aliquoting and freezing.
  • Methanol or ethanol: good solubility; useful for analytical preparations (HPLC/LC–MS).
  • n-Butanol or 50–90% aqueous ethanol/methanol: often effective for more hydrophilic saponins.
• Aqueous media: Dissolution may be improved by gradual addition of warm buffer, ultrasound, or co-solvents (≤2–5% DMSO or ethanol). Avoid strong acid/base to prevent hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds (literature).

Polarity/miscibility context (literature/general):

• Amphiphile; forms micelles above a compound-specific CMC; may cause foaming upon agitation.
• Poorly soluble in nonpolar hydrocarbons (hexane, heptane). Sparingly soluble in chlorinated solvents; prefer alcohols or DMSO for stock solutions.

Selection tips:

• For bioassays: prepare concentrated DMSO stock (e.g., 10–50 mM if solubility allows), then dilute into aqueous medium with vigorous mixing to avoid precipitation; keep final DMSO ≤0.1–0.5% as assay permits.
• For LC–MS: use MeOH/H2O or ACN/H2O with 0.1% formic acid or ammonium acetate as needed for ionization; avoid high pH.

Item-specific solubility limits: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Storage & Reconstitution

Storage conditions (Product Data):

• Store at −20°C. Shipments are sent in an ice chest with ice pads to maintain a cold chain.

General best practices for this compound class (saponin glycosides):

• Protect from moisture and light. Keep container tightly closed. If provided as a solid, allow vial to equilibrate to room temperature in a desiccator before opening to reduce condensation.
• For long-term storage, consider keeping material under inert atmosphere (argon/nitrogen) and in a desiccated environment.

Reconstitution guidance (general; verify solubility empirically):

• Prepare a concentrated stock in anhydrous DMSO, methanol, or ethanol. Typical working concentrations for analytical use are µg/mL–mg/mL; determine exact solubility for this lot experimentally.
• After preparing stocks, aliquot into single-use portions and store at −20°C to avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles.
• For aqueous use, add organic stock slowly to stirred buffer to minimize precipitation and foaming; avoid strong acids/bases.

Stability notes:

• Many saponins are stable when dry and frozen, but can hydrolyze in strong acid/base or degrade upon prolonged heating. Avoid extended exposure to elevated temperatures.

Item-specific stability, solubility limits, and reconstitution solvents: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Structure & Identity

Brief overview: Ciwujianoside D2 is a plant-derived triterpenoid saponin (glycosylated aglycone) reported from Acanthopanax/Eleutherococcus (ciwujia) species (literature). It is supplied for research use only as a defined small molecule standard.

• SKU: C1440872
• Product name: Ciwujianoside D2
• CAS: 114892-57-8
• InChIKey: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Structural features (literature/general):

• Core scaffold: typically an oleanane- or dammarane-type pentacyclic triterpenoid aglycone.
• Functional groups: multiple secondary/tertiary alcohols on the aglycone; one or more O-glycosidic linkages to monosaccharide/disaccharide/oligosaccharide units (commonly glucose, rhamnose, arabinose, etc.).
• Stereochemistry: multiple defined chiral centers on the triterpenoid backbone and sugars (exact configuration should be confirmed from primary literature/CoA for this specific compound).
• 2D description: a bulky, polycyclic hydrophobic core bearing hydroxyls, ester/ether linkages at C-3 and/or C-28 (typical for saponins), with a hydrophilic sugar chain extending from the core, yielding an amphiphilic molecule.

Notes:

• Identity-confirmation methods commonly used in the literature for saponins include high-resolution MS (m/z of [M+H]+/[M−H]−), 1H/13C NMR with HMBC/HSQC for sugar linkages, and optical rotation. For item-specific identifiers and spectra, consult the product CoA.

Synthetic Utility

Ciwujianoside D2 is primarily a natural product analyte rather than a general synthetic building block. Nonetheless, its functional groups enable certain transformations and analytical derivatizations (literature/general):

• Glycosidic linkages: subject to enzymatic or acid-catalyzed hydrolysis, enabling access to the aglycone and sugar units for comparative analysis or semisynthesis.
• Multiple hydroxyl groups: permit selective protection (e.g., silyl ethers, acetates) and acylation/alkylation to probe structure–activity relationships or to enhance chromatographic behavior.
• Oxidation/reduction at secondary alcohols: potential for site-selective oxidations (e.g., TEMPO, Dess–Martin) on aglycone hydroxyls to generate analogs for SAR studies.
• Conjugation: coupling via carbonate/ester linkages to reporter tags or solid supports for affinity studies (e.g., immobilization on resins for protein-binding assays).

Use in analytical synthesis:

• Derivatization of hydrolysis products (aglycone and monosaccharides) to volatile TMS ethers/oximes for GC–MS profiling.

Note: Any semisynthetic work should consider stereochemical integrity; harsh conditions risk epimerization or glycosidic cleavage. No item-specific reactivity data are provided in this listing.

Target Specificity

Not applicable. This product is a small-molecule natural product, not an antibody or affinity reagent.

• No antigen/epitope, species reactivity, clone, or isotype information applies.
• For biochemical target engagement studies, users should establish assay-specific selectivity profiles experimentally.