DOSPA , CAS No.282533-23-7

CAS: 282533-23-7 Cat. No.: D1440294 Formula: C₅₄H₁₁₅Cl₅N₆O₃ Molecular Weight: 1073.79

Storage

Store at -20°C

Shipped In

Ice chest + Ice pads

Overview

DOSPA is a cationicliposome. DOSPA can formulate with DNA to be a transfection system. DOSPA can be used for gene therapy research.

Specifications

Storage

Store at -20°C

Shipped In

Ice chest + Ice pads

This product requires cold chain shipping. Ground and other economy services are not available.

Names and Identifiers

Molecular Weight

1073.79

Application Protocols

No item-specific, tested application protocols are provided in the product data for SKU D1440294.

• Validated applications, recommended dilutions, and positive controls: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet or internal SOPs.
• General literature resources can guide optimization of charge ratios, buffer conditions, and incubation steps for nucleic-acid complexation; however, such procedures are not claimed or validated for this specific product listing.

Biological Roles

Context for research use only. No medical or clinical claims.

• Functional role (literature, general for cationic lipids): serves as a synthetic, positively charged amphiphile that binds anionic nucleic acids via electrostatic interactions, condensing them into nanoparticles suitable for cellular uptake.
• Mechanistic aspects:
  • The cationic headgroup neutralizes phosphate charges, reducing repulsion and promoting compaction.
  • Hydrophobic tails drive self-assembly into bilayers or micelles; helper lipids can tune membrane fusion and endosomal escape.
  • Resulting complexes interact with cell membranes through electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic insertion.
• Influence of environment:
  • Ionic strength and pH affect complex stability; divalent cations and serum proteins can screen charges and alter uptake.
  • Buffer composition (HEPES, PBS) and the presence of serum modulate particle size, zeta potential, and transfection performance.
• Research utilities:
  • In vitro delivery studies of plasmid DNA, siRNA, mRNA, and oligonucleotides.
  • Model system for examining cellular internalization, endosomal processing, and gene expression kinetics.

Item-specific bioattributes (e.g., endotoxin levels, sterility, excipients): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Buffer Applications

DOSPA is not used as a buffer component. However, buffer conditions are critical for its complexation performance in research workflows.

• Common buffer choices (literature, general):
  • HEPES or HEPES-buffered saline (HBS) for complex formation at near-physiological pH with moderated ionic strength.
  • Opti-MEM or reduced-serum media for cell-based delivery steps to minimize premature aggregation.
• Practical considerations:
  • Avoid high ionic strength during initial complexation; salt can screen electrostatics and increase particle size.
  • Maintain pH ~7.2–7.4 (general) to ensure headgroup protonation state remains favorable for complex stability.
  • Introduce serum after complexes have formed if required by the assay; serum proteins can adsorb to particle surfaces.

Item-specific buffer recommendations: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet or internal SOPs.

Green Alternatives

Greener considerations relate mainly to solvent choice and process design, since the amphiphile itself is specialized.

• Solvent substitution (general guidance):
  • Replace chloroform in film hydration with ethanol or 2-MeTHF where solubility allows; consider ethanol:water co-solvent methods for direct dispersion.
  • Use ethyl acetate or isopropanol for equipment cleaning instead of chlorinated solvents when feasible.
• Process intensification:
  • Adopt microfluidic or impingement jet mixing to form nanoassemblies in ethanol/aqueous systems, reducing chlorinated solvent use.
  • Employ continuous solvent removal (e.g., inline evaporation) to lower solvent inventories.
• Waste and safety:
  • Segregate halogenated from non-halogenated waste streams to enable lower-impact disposal.
  • Opt for closed systems and solvent recovery when conducting large-scale film casting.

Trade-offs:

• Ethanol-based workflows may require higher volumes or longer dissolution times compared with chloroform and can slightly alter particle size distributions.
• 2-MeTHF is bio-based and less toxic than chloroform but has different evaporation dynamics and peroxide-forming potential; apply standard peroxide testing if stored long-term (general solvent hygiene).

Note: The core amphiphile has specific performance attributes; solvent greening should be validated against the required complexation efficiency and particle characteristics.

Pharmaceutical Uses

This product is for research use only. No medical or clinical use is implied.

• Formulation role (general, research context): cationic amphiphile used to prepare lipoplexes or lipid-based particles that bind nucleic acids for in vitro studies.
• Excipient status: Not specified for this item; not claimed to meet any pharmacopeial monograph.
• Manufacturing considerations (general):
  • Preference for ethanol-based processes when possible to reduce chlorinated solvent exposure.
  • Control of residual solvents, particle size, and zeta potential is important in reproducible assembly.
  • Filtration through low-protein-binding membranes may be possible for clarified dispersions; verify compatibility.

Any claims of GMP status, sterility, or pharmacopeial compliance are not provided; consult the CoA/Spec Sheet if such attributes are required.

Physical Properties

Item-specific physical constants are not provided in the product data.

• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Density: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Refractive index: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Melting/softening range: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Boiling point: Not typically applicable; cationic lipids are non-volatile and may decompose before boiling (literature, general for high-MW amphiphiles).
• LogP: Typically high for dialkyl cationic lipids due to long hydrocarbon tails (literature, general); item-specific value not specified.
• pKa: Cationic headgroups are positively charged at physiological pH (literature, general); item-specific pKa not specified.
• Solubility profile (literature, general for cationic lipids):
  • Soluble in chlorinated and polar organic solvents (e.g., chloroform, dichloromethane, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol) and in DMSO.
  • Dispersible in aqueous buffers when formulated as liposomes or mixed with helper lipids; native free base/quaternary forms are typically not water-soluble without formulation.

Notes:

• For exact constants (e.g., water content, residual solvents, UV cutoffs), consult the CoA/Spec Sheet for this specific SKU.

Quality & Grades

Item-specific grade and purity are not listed in the product data.

• Grade/purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Typical expectations for cationic lipid reagents (general):
  • Research grade: suitable for nucleic-acid complexation and in vitro studies; often controlled for residual solvents and peroxide content of constituent solvents.
  • Transfection/formulation grade (general industry terminology): may emphasize low bioburden, tight control of counter-ions, and solution clarity; not necessarily sterile.
• Stabilizers: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. Many amphiphiles are shipped neat or as solutions in ethanol/chloroform; if a stabilizer or counter-ion is present, consult the certificate.
• What to check on the CoA/Spec Sheet for this SKU:
  • Identity confirmation (NMR/MS/IR), assay (%), residual solvents, water, acid value, and counter-ion content (if salt form).
  • Appearance (waxy solid/oil/solution) and solvent system.
  • Endotoxin/bioburden if relevant to your application.

Note: Definitions such as AR/ACS/HPLC grades apply primarily to analytical reagents/solvents; cationic lipid reagents are more often qualified by identity/assay and performance criteria rather than classical analytical grades.

Reaction & Applications

This reagent is primarily used for formulation/complexation rather than as a stoichiometric reagent in classical organic synthesis.

Applications (literature, general for DOSPA-class cationic lipids):

• Formation of lipoplexes with DNA/RNA via electrostatic condensation for transfection studies.
• Assembly of liposomes or lipid nanoparticles when combined with helper lipids (e.g., DOPE, cholesterol) to modulate fusogenicity and membrane fluidity.
• Surface functionalization of carriers to present positive charge and promote cell association in vitro.

Practical tips:

• Work under dry conditions when preparing thin films; remove residual solvents thoroughly (rotary evaporation + vacuum desiccation) before hydration.
• Control charge ratio (N/P) during nucleic acid complexation; optimize empirically for payload length and buffer ionic strength (see Reaction Conditions tab for literature ranges).
• For reproducibility, prepare concentrated stocks in ethanol or DMSO, aliquot, and minimize freeze–thaw.

Not typically used for: Grignard reactions, cross-couplings, or other transformations where the reagent would act as a classical chemical substrate or catalyst. Its role is primarily colloidal/assembly-driven rather than covalent chemistry.

Reaction Conditions

Conditions here refer to assembly/complexation, not covalent reactions. Values are general literature guidance for cationic lipid–nucleic acid systems; optimize per assay.

• Complex formation:
  • Solvent: prepare lipid in ethanol or DMSO stock; dilute into HEPES-buffered saline or serum-free medium during complexation.
  • Charge ratio (N/P): commonly screened from ~2 to 10 (literature, general), depending on nucleic acid type and length.
  • Concentrations: nucleic acid 10–100 nM (siRNA) or 0.1–2 µg/mL (plasmid DNA) during complexation (literature, general ranges).
  • Incubation: mix components and incubate 10–30 min at room temperature to allow complex maturation prior to use (literature, general).
• Temperature: ambient for complexation; avoid elevated temperatures that may promote hydrolysis of ester linkages (general caution).
• Additives: helper lipids (e.g., DOPE, cholesterol) can be co-formulated to adjust membrane fusion and stability.
• Buffer ionic strength: lower ionic strength during complexation; physiological ionic strength can be restored afterward for biological exposure steps.

Item-specific, validated conditions are not provided in the product data. Always establish a design-of-experiments (DoE) optimization around payload type, buffer, and cell system.

Safety & Handling

Hazard classification is not provided in the product data. Handle under standard precautions for cationic surfactants/amphiphiles.

• GHS signal word, pictograms, H-statements: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• Likely hazards (literature, general for cationic lipids): can be irritating to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract; may be harmful to aquatic life; avoid aerosol generation.
• Storage: Manufacturer indicates Store at −20°C. Protect from moisture, heat, and light. Keep container tightly closed.
• Incompatibilities (general): strong oxidizers; strong acids/bases may degrade ester/amide linkers; avoid prolonged exposure to air and humidity.
• PPE: lab coat, nitrile gloves, safety glasses; use in a fume hood when handling powders/organic solvents.
• First aid (general guidance; defer to SDS):
  • Eye/skin contact: rinse cautiously with water for several minutes; remove contaminated clothing; seek medical attention if irritation persists.
  • Inhalation: move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms develop.
  • Ingestion: rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting; seek medical attention.
• Special risks: organic solutions can be flammable; avoid ignition sources. For lipid films in chlorinated solvents, ensure adequate ventilation.

Always consult the product’s SDS for authoritative hazard and response information.

Solvent Selection

DOSPA-class amphiphiles are hydrophobic and typically prepared/handled in organic solvents or formulated into aqueous media.

• Polarity class (general): non-volatile, hydrophobic amphiphile with a cationic headgroup; behaves as a surfactant in mixed aqueous–organic systems.
• Common solvent choices (literature, general):
  • Film preparation: chloroform or chloroform:methanol mixtures for homogeneous dissolution and thin-film casting.
  • Stock solutions: ethanol, isopropanol, or DMSO for direct dilution into aqueous buffers.
  • Aqueous use: disperse as liposomes or in lipoplexes with nucleic acids; helper lipids (e.g., DOPE or cholesterol) often improve dispersion.
• Miscibility profile (general):
  • Miscible with many organic solvents; immiscible with water unless formulated.
  • Ethanol/DMSO stocks can be diluted into buffers; keep final solvent percentage low to protect cells in biological assays.
• Selection guidance:
  • Choose ethanol when a pharmaceutically preferred, greener solvent is desired.
  • Use chloroform for thin-film hydration workflows requiring sharp lipid co-dissolution.
  • Prefer DMSO for precise volumetry and small-scale screening; verify compatibility with downstream systems.

Comparison (general):

• Ethanol: greener, benign, but lower lipid solubility than chloroform.
• Chloroform: excellent solvation, but toxic and non-green.
• DMSO: high solvating power; may affect biological assays at >0.5–1% v/v.

Storage & Reconstitution

Follow the product-specific storage directive and general best practices for amphiphilic reagents.

• Storage conditions (from Product Data): Store at −20°C. Shipments are sent with ice chest + ice pads to maintain cold chain.
• Container handling: keep tightly closed; protect from moisture and light. If supplied as a solution, minimize headspace and avoid prolonged exposure to air.
• Reconstitution (general guidance; item-specific solvent not specified):
  • Prepare stock solutions in ethanol, isopropanol, or DMSO at convenient concentrations (e.g., 1–50 mg/mL depending on solubility), then aliquot.
  • For thin-film hydration, dissolve in chloroform or chloroform:methanol, cast a film, dry thoroughly under reduced pressure, then hydrate with buffer.
• Freeze–thaw: minimize cycles by aliquoting; allow to warm to room temperature before opening to prevent condensation.
• Stability: item-specific shelf life and solution stability are not specified; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. Discard if discoloration, phase separation, or precipitates persist after warming.

Note: Always consult the SDS and CoA for definitive solvent compatibility, concentration limits, and any stabilizers or counter-ions present in this SKU.

Structure & Identity

A cationic amphiphile commonly referenced in the literature for nucleic-acid complexation and delivery.

• Product name: DOSPA (research-use reagent)
• CAS: 282533-23-7
• Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• InChIKey: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Structural features (general, literature context):

• DOSPA is described in the literature as a cationic lipid/amphiphile used to form lipoplexes with DNA/RNA. Such molecules typically feature:
  • One or more long aliphatic chains (hydrophobic tails) that support bilayer or micellar assembly.
  • A cationic headgroup (e.g., quaternary ammonium or polyamine-containing) that electrostatically binds anionic phosphate backbones of nucleic acids.
  • An optional linker (ester/ether/amide) connecting headgroup and tails.

2D structure description (general class, literature):

• Amphiphilic scaffold with a polar, positively charged head on one side and two hydrophobic chains on the other, enabling self-assembly into liposomes or lipoplexes with nucleic acids. Exact atomic connectivity for this catalog item is not specified here; consult the CoA/Spec Sheet for definitive structure.

Synthetic Utility

DOSPA is not typically employed as a substrate or reagent in bond-forming transformations. Its value lies in self-assembly and complexation.

• Functional features (general):
  • Cationic headgroup for binding anionic biomacromolecules.
  • Hydrophobic tails for membrane interaction and particle stability.
• Limited roles in synthesis:
  • Can act as a phase-transfer-like surfactant in some colloidal systems, but this is not a common use-case.
  • May serve as a template or structural component in assembling soft materials.

For classical synthetic chemistry (e.g., cross-coupling, oxidations, reductions), other reagents are more appropriate. Utilize this material primarily for formulation and delivery research.

Target Specificity

Not applicable to this product category. DOSPA is a synthetic cationic amphiphile and does not possess antigen/epitope specificity, clone identity, or species reactivity.

• Target/epitope: Not applicable.
• Isotype/clone: Not applicable.

Any specificity attributes would not apply; consult other tabs for formulation-related information.

Frequently Asked Questions

How should this product be stored?

Store at ?20 °C. Freezer storage is required to maintain the specified shelf life.

How is this product shipped?

This product ships in an insulated container with ice pads. Unpack on arrival and transfer it to the storage condition stated above.

What are the CAS number, molecular formula and molecular weight?

The CAS Number is 282533-23-7, the molecular formula is C54H115Cl5N6O3, and the molecular weight is 1073.79 g/mol.

What documentation is provided?

Available product documentation, including Certificates of Analysis (COA), Safety Data Sheets (SDS), and specification sheets, is shown in the product document area. Document availability and access follow the current site policy.