Cobalt Catalysts—From Fundamentals to Practice: Mechanistic Insights, Selection Logic, and a One-Stop Aladdin Selection List
Cobalt Catalysts—From Fundamentals to Practice: Mechanistic Insights, Selection Logic, and a One-Stop Aladdin Selection List
Cobalt (Co) is a highly “versatile” catalytic metal: it offers rich redox chemistry, can operate via both two-electron mechanisms and single-electron/radical pathways, and spans multiple application scenarios including homogeneous organic synthesis, energy electrocatalysis, and heterogeneous industrial catalysis. Meanwhile, cobalt’s supply chain and demand structure are evolving rapidly: the DRC contributes ~70%+ of global mined cobalt; China dominates refining, and batteries remain one of the primary demand drivers for cobalt—over recent years, lithium-battery-related demand has accounted for a major share (commonly reported up to ~70% in many market reports).
What Is a “Cobalt Catalyst”?
Broadly, a “cobalt catalyst” refers to a catalytic system in which cobalt serves as the active center (e.g., Co⁰/CoⅠ/CoⅡ/CoⅢ, etc.), typically including:
- Homogeneous cobalt catalysts: present in solution as molecules/complexes (e.g., in situ generation of active species from cobalt salts + ligands; cobalt carbonyl complexes, etc.).
- Heterogeneous cobalt catalysts: catalysis at solid surfaces/interfaces (e.g., supported Co/Al₂O₃, Co₃O₄, Co–Mo/Al₂O₃, core–shell Co@support structures, etc.).
- Electrocatalytic cobalt materials: drive hydrogen evolution/oxygen evolution on electrodes (e.g., cobalt oxides, hydroxides, phosphides, etc.).
How Do Cobalt Catalysts Work?
1. Variable oxidation states: two-electron vs single-electron
- Two-electron pathways: resemble organometallic catalytic cycles typical of Pd/Ni and other transition metals (addition, migratory insertion, elimination, etc.). Common in certain coupling/insertion/carbonylation systems and often require suitable ligands to stabilize specific oxidation states.
- Single-electron pathways (SET/radicals): cobalt is particularly effective at “pulling” reactions into radical channels—for example, by pairing with peroxides/oxidants or engaging in electron transfer under electrochemical/photochemical conditions.
- Many cobalt-catalyzed reactions appear to follow two-electron cycles, but key steps may still exhibit radical character.
2. Tunable coordination environment: anions, solvents, and ligands all “turn the knobs”
- Anion effects: Cl⁻/Br⁻/I⁻, NO₃⁻, SO₄²⁻, OAc⁻, OTf⁻, ClO₄⁻, etc. can affect solubility, coordination strength, and the “openness” of active sites.
- Hydrated vs anhydrous salts: for example, CoCl₂·6H₂O and anhydrous CoCl₂ may behave completely differently in strictly anhydrous systems (crystal water can change coordination and side reactions).
- Ligand selection: from acac to porphyrins and phthalocyanines to more complex ligands, which define the electronic structure and selectivity of the metal center.
3. Where is the “active center”: homogeneous molecular sites vs heterogeneous surface sites
- Homogeneous: uniform sites, clearer mechanisms, faster screening; but separation and recycling are relatively inconvenient.
- Heterogeneous: diverse sites strongly influenced by morphology/crystal phase/defects; but easy separation, better suited to scale-up and continuous processing, and naturally connected to materials and electrocatalysis.
An Application Map of Cobalt Catalysts
Scenario | Typical reactions/targets | Common cobalt system form | Starting point for selection | Selection tips | Safety/compliance reminders |
A Organic synthesis: cross-coupling, reductive coupling, C–H functionalization | C–C/C–N/C–X construction; radical/SET pathways are common | Mainly homogeneous cobalt salts/complexes | CoCl₂·6H₂O; anhydrous CoCl₂; CoBr₂; Co(OAc)₂; Co(acac)₂ | In many systems, “changing cobalt matters less than changing the ligand/reductant/solvent/additives”; start with a general-purpose cobalt salt for quick scouting, then move to drier/higher-purity grades for optimization | Cobalt halides/salts are hygroscopic—mind moisture effects; radical systems require attention to peroxide/reductant hazards |
B Classic organometallic: hydroformylation & Pauson–Khand | Alkene → aldehyde (CO/H₂); alkyne + alkene + CO → cyclopentenone | Cobalt carbonyl systems (precatalysts/reagents) | Dicobalt octacarbonyl Co₂(CO)₈ | Strongly dependent on substrate/solvent/temperature window; most issues are not “wrong cobalt,” but CO/H₂ ratio, pressure/sealed setup, and activation steps | CO-related risks (ventilation, gas monitoring, SDS); carbonyl metals are heat/air sensitive—operate under strict controls |
C Clean energy: water electrolysis HER/OER (materials) | HER (cathode), OER (anode), and bifunctional catalysis | Heterogeneous materials: oxides/hydroxides/sulfides/phosphides/selenides + conductive supports | Co₃O₄; Co(OH)₂; CoP; CoS; CoSe; conductive carbon (nano carbon powder) | First define: HER or OER, and acidic/alkaline/neutral electrolyte; material systems strongly couple with electrolyte; requires matched supports/electrode fabrication and characterization; cobalt-based materials show more pronounced dissolution/reconstruction under acidic HER—durability and leaching should be evaluated | Nanopowder and metal powder safety; for electrochemical corrosion/leaching, use ICP or colorimetry with standard-solution calibration |
D Hydrogen carrier: catalytic ammonia cracking for H₂ | NH₃ → N₂ + H₂; target lower temperature and higher space velocity | Exploratory systems: supported Co/CoOx + support engineering; commercial heterogeneous catalysts can serve as benchmarks | Ammonia source; Raney cobalt; alumina support spheres (catalyst carrier); mesoporous alumina | Establish a reproducible baseline first (e.g., Raney Co/conventional impregnation on standard supports), then discuss interface/strain engineering; support acidity/basicity, pore structure, and shaping strength matter greatly | High temperature, flammable gas (H₂), ammonia corrosion and leak risks; fixed-bed pressure drop and durability require lifetime testing |
E Resource valorization/fine synthesis: amination–carbonylation of ethers (case) | Activation of inert ether substrates + CO insertion + amination; radicals/peroxides are common | Cobalt salt + peroxide initiation/oxidative conditions | Cobalt source: Co(OAc)₂ or CoCl₂; initiator: DTBP | Key lies in radical generation/capture and control of side reactions; solvent, concentration, peroxide dosing mode, and temperature profile determine success | Store peroxides (DTBP) per SDS, keep cool and protected from light; CO conditions (if used) managed as in Scenario B |
Cobalt Catalyst Selection Guide
Selection approach: work backward from “what reaction do I want to run” to “which cobalt source/support/additives should I choose”:
1. Is it homogeneous or heterogeneous?
(1) Homogeneous-first (solution catalysis/mechanistic studies)
- Prioritize: solubility, anion coordination strength, hydration state, and purity grade.
(2) Heterogeneous-first (heterogeneous catalysis/materials/electrocatalysis)
- Prioritize: precursor processability (impregnation/precipitation/calcination), support pore structure, particle size, phase structure, and reduction/sulfidation/phosphidation routes.
2. Is the system “strictly anhydrous/water-sensitive”?
- If yes: avoid cobalt salts containing crystal water (e.g., cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate, cobalt(II) nitrate hexahydrate); use anhydrous or ultra-dry cobalt salts (e.g., ultra-dry CoI₂), and pay attention to solvent drying and glovebox/inert-atmosphere operation.
- If no: hydrated salts are often easier to weigh and dissolve, but treat “water” as an explicit variable and record it in your condition table.
3. Do you need “open sites” or “strongly coordinated stability”?
- To favor more open metal centers: consider weakly coordinating anions (e.g., OTf⁻, ClO₄⁻) to reduce anion occupancy (but strictly evaluate safety and compatibility).
- For more stable/controllable systems: use acetates, acac complexes, or model complexes such as porphyrins/phthalocyanines.
4. Are you running a radical/SET pathway?
- If yes: a common combination is “cobalt salt/cobalt complex + peroxide/oxidant (e.g., DTBP),” and ligands/anions/solvents are used to tune radical generation and capture efficiency.
- Additional concerns: reaction exotherm, peroxide safety, oxygen participation, and inhibitor effects.
5. Heterogeneous catalysis & materials: how to choose supports?
- Alumina supports: suitable for dispersion and high-temperature benchmark comparisons; acidity/basicity/neutrality, mesoporous/nanoscale, and γ/α phases can all serve as structural variables.
- Carbon supports (activated carbon/nano carbon powder, etc.): high conductivity; suitable for electrocatalysis and some heterogeneous systems; also useful for post-reaction adsorption/purification.
- Modified supports (acid-modified, etc.): used to study how acid sites/surface functional groups affect activity and selectivity.
- For characterization, it is recommended to use a BET standard reference material to make surface-area data “comparable” (instrument/method verification with a standard + unified degassing procedure).
Safety and Compliance
1. Occupational health risks exist for cobalt metal dust/fumes and some soluble cobalt salts. IARC has provided carcinogenicity classifications for “cobalt metal and soluble cobalt(II) salts,” etc. Laboratory and process development should follow ventilation, PPE, and exposure control practices.
- Cobalt metal & soluble cobalt(II) salts: Group 2A (probably carcinogenic)
- Cobalt(II) oxide: Group 2B (possibly carcinogenic)
- Cobalt(II,III) oxide (Co₃O₄): Group 3 (not classifiable)
2. ECHA RAC has issued scientific opinions on OELs for cobalt and inorganic cobalt compounds, and the European Commission is advancing related limit proposals/impact assessments in CMRD revisions.
Cobalt-catalysis-related systems often involve combinations of toxicity/flammability/strong oxidizers/pyrophoricity. Risk controls should be implemented upfront:
- Raney cobalt: typical risk is pyrophoricity after drying; store and transfer according to the supplied form (usually wet/water-dispersed), avoiding exposure, friction, and heating.
- Co₂(CO)₈ (cobalt carbonyl): air/heat sensitive and toxic; may release CO or pose inhalation risks; operate with ventilation and appropriate protection.
- Perchlorates (e.g., Co(ClO₄)₂·6H₂O): perchlorate introduces strong oxidizer-related hazards; avoid improper contact with flammable/reducing substances and comply with chemical safety procedures.
- Organic peroxides (DTBP, etc.): significant oxidizing and thermal hazards; control temperature, avoid contamination, store and dispose of waste per regulations.
- Cobalt salts/cobalt powders: consider heavy-metal toxicity and dust inhalation hazards; metal powders may present combustible dust risks—avoid dusting and static buildup.
- Ammonia solutions: volatile and corrosive; ensure sealing and ventilation; solvent systems (ethanol/methanol/THF, etc.) also introduce flammability variables.
Cobalt Catalyst Selection Reference: Aladdin Product Category List
This list covers the most common needs in cobalt-catalysis research, including commonly used cobalt sources and complexes for homogeneous catalysis; heterogeneous/electrocatalysis materials; supports and adsorption/purification materials; and standards/CRMs plus characterization consumables that support reproducibility and QC. The table below lists only representative catalog numbers for each category. More catalog numbers can be searched on the Aladdin website by CAS, or see the product list at the end of the article.
This list is organized into: homogeneous cobalt sources; organometallic/complexes; heterogeneous active-phase materials (oxides/hydroxides/sulfides/phosphides/selenides); cobalt metal and powders; formulated catalysts; supports/adsorbents (alumina and carbon materials); ammonia sources and reaction additives; and standards/characterization support.
Category | CAS No. | Aladdin Cat. No. | Product name | Specification / purity | Product features / role (relevant to cobalt catalysis) |
Cocatalyst / pro-oxidation additive | 136-52-7 | Cobalt(II) 2-ethylhexanoate solution | 65 wt.% in mineral spirits | Cobalt carboxylate pro-oxidant/drier; can serve as a cobalt promoter in radical oxidation systems | |
Cocatalyst / pro-oxidation additive | 61789-51-3 | Cobalt naphthenate | Co 7.8–8.2%, solvent: 40%–80% mineral oil | Same as above, with different cobalt content/solvent system | |
Homogeneous cobalt source (cobalt salt) | 10026-17-2 | Cobalt(II) fluoride | — | Cobalt source for specific systems / surface chemistry tuning | |
Homogeneous cobalt source (cobalt salt) | 10026-22-9 | Cobalt(II) nitrate hexahydrate | PrimorTrace™, ≥99.999% metals basis | Ultra-high-purity cobalt nitrate precursor | |
Homogeneous cobalt source (cobalt salt) | 10026-22-9 | Cobalt nitrate hexahydrate | ACS | ACS-grade cobalt nitrate | |
Homogeneous cobalt source (cobalt salt) | 10026-24-1 | Cobalt(II) sulfate heptahydrate | AR, ≥99% | General-purpose cobalt sulfate | |
Homogeneous cobalt source (cobalt salt) | 10026-24-1 | Cobalt(II) sulfate heptahydrate | PrimorTrace™, ≥99.999% metals basis | Ultra-high-purity cobalt sulfate | |
Homogeneous cobalt source (cobalt salt) | 13478-33-6 | Cobalt(II) perchlorate hexahydrate | ≥98% | Weakly coordinating anion salts can help in some cases, but activity/selectivity gains must be verified experimentally; prioritize safer salts or controlled conditions | |
Homogeneous cobalt source (cobalt salt) | 15238-00-3 | Cobalt(II) iodide | PrimorTrace™, ultra-dry grade, ≥99.99% metals basis | CoI₂: anhydrous/ultra-dry for water-sensitive systems and radical/coupling screening | |
Homogeneous cobalt source (cobalt salt) | 513-79-1 | Cobalt(II) carbonate | ≥98% | Precursor for CoOx via precipitation/calcination | |
Homogeneous cobalt source (cobalt salt) | 58164-61-7 | Cobalt(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate | ≥98% | Weakly coordinating anion cobalt salt; can enhance homogeneous activity and favor open coordination sites | |
Homogeneous cobalt source (cobalt salt) | 6147-53-1 | Cobalt(II) acetate tetrahydrate | ACS | ACS-grade hydrated cobalt acetate | |
Homogeneous cobalt source (cobalt salt) | 71-48-7 | Cobalt(II) acetate (anhydrous) | PrimorTrace™, anhydrous, ≥99.99% metals basis | General cobalt source; high-purity anhydrous grade better for water-sensitive systems | |
Homogeneous cobalt source (cobalt salt) | 71-48-7 | Cobalt acetate solution | Co ≥4.0% aqueous solution | Liquid cobalt source for convenient dosing; often used for impregnation/solution prep as a cobalt precursor | |
Homogeneous cobalt source (cobalt salt) | 7646-79-9 | Cobalt(II) chloride (anhydrous) | ≥99.7% metals basis | Anhydrous CoCl₂ cobalt source | |
Homogeneous cobalt source (cobalt salt) | 7646-79-9 | Cobalt(II) chloride (anhydrous) | ≥97% | General-purpose anhydrous CoCl₂ | |
Homogeneous cobalt source (cobalt salt) | 7789-43-7 | Cobalt(II) bromide | PrimorTrace™, ≥99.99% metals basis, beads, >10 mesh | CoBr₂ cobalt source; halide effects/solubility can influence activity; bead form is easy to weigh | |
Homogeneous cobalt source (cobalt salt) | 7791-13-1 | Cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate | ACS, ≥98% | Common CoCl₂·6H₂O for coordination/catalysis screening; crystal water impacts strictly anhydrous systems | |
Homogeneous cobalt source (cobalt salt) | 7791-13-1 | Cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate | PrimorTrace™, ≥99.99% metals basis | Common CoCl₂·6H₂O for coordination/catalysis screening; crystal water impacts strictly anhydrous systems | |
Initiator / oxidant | 110-05-4 | Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) | ≥97% | Radical initiator/oxidant; commonly used in cobalt-catalyzed radical/carbonylation strategies | |
Formulated heterogeneous catalyst | 7440-48-4 | Raney cobalt catalyst | 50 μm, dispersed in water | Typical heterogeneous hydrogenation/reduction catalyst (pyrophoricity risk) | |
Formulated heterogeneous catalyst | 7440-48-4 | Raney cobalt catalyst | Co: 66%–70%, ≤85 μm, dispersed in water | Benchmark with higher Co content/particle size specification | |
Standards & CRMs | 7440-44-0 | Carbon black surface area CRM | Surface area: 107.3 m²/g | BET verification: consistency of surface area for carbon supports/catalysts | |
Standards & CRMs | 7440-48-4 | Cobalt standard solution (water quality) | Analytical standard, 85.0 μg/L, in 1% HNO₃ | Calibration for cobalt leaching/content analysis | |
Standards & CRMs | 7664-41-7 | A140492 | Ammonia standard solution (water-based) | Analytical standard, 500 mg/L | Analytical calibration; for ammonia-related system testing |
Ammonia source / ammonia reagents | 7664-41-7 | A140745 | Ammonia solution | 2.0 M in ethanol | Ammonia source for cracking/amination/N chemistry mechanistic studies; solvent/concentration affect the operating window |
Ammonia source / ammonia reagents | 7664-41-7 | A140757 | Ammonia solution | 4 M in methanol | Same as above |
Ammonia source / ammonia reagents | 7664-41-7 | A140758 | Ammonia solution | 7 M in methanol | Same as above |
Ammonia source / ammonia reagents | 7664-41-7 | A433783 | Ammonia solution | 0.4 M in THF | Same as above |
Characterization / separation consumables | 1344-28-1 | Alumina wool | For elemental analysis, wool | Elemental analysis / sample handling | |
Characterization / separation consumables | 1344-28-1 | Alumina balls | For elemental analysis, 2–4 mm airball | Elemental analysis / sample handling | |
Supports/adsorbents (alumina) | 1344-28-1 | A165127 | Neutral alumina | neutral, 60–100 mesh | General neutral alumina; for separations and support benchmarking |
Supports/adsorbents (alumina) | 1344-28-1 | Mesoporous alumina | MSU-X (wormhole), avg. pore size 3.8 nm | Mesoporous support to improve dispersion and mass transfer | |
Supports/adsorbents (alumina) | 1344-28-1 | Alumina | Phosphotungstic acid modified alumina | Modified support: introduces acidic/coordination sites to study support effects | |
Supports/adsorbents (alumina) | 1344-28-1 | Activated alumina balls | For catalyst support | Directly positioned as catalyst carrier | |
Supports/adsorbents (alumina) | 1344-28-1 | Basic alumina | 100–200 mesh, ≥75% | Activated/high-pass-rate version (subject to product list) | |
Supports/adsorbents (alumina) | 1344-28-1 | Nano alumina | PrimorTrace™, ≥99.99% metals basis, nanopowder, γ-phase, 20 nm | Ultra-high-purity, small-particle γ-phase support | |
Supports/adsorbents (alumina) | 1344-28-1 | Nano alumina | ≥99.9% metals basis, powder, α-phase, 150 nm | α-phase nano support, more stable at high temperature | |
Supports/adsorbents (alumina) | 1344-28-1 | Nano alumina aqueous dispersion | 5–10 nm particle size, 20 wt.% aqueous solution | Smaller-particle dispersion | |
Supports/adsorbents (alumina) | 1344-28-1 | Nano alumina alcohol dispersion | 30 nm particle size, 20 wt.% in isopropanol | Alcohol dispersion suitable for water-sensitive formulations | |
Supports/adsorbents (alumina) | 1344-28-1 | Acidic alumina | 100–200 mesh, ≥75% | General acidic alumina | |
Supports/adsorbents (carbon/activated carbon) | 7440-44-0 | NORIT® RX1.5 EXTRA | — | High-performance activated carbon; carbon support for supported Co catalysts or adsorption/purification | |
Supports/adsorbents (carbon/activated carbon) | 7440-44-0 | NORIT® RX3 EXTRA | — | High-performance activated carbon; carbon support for supported Co catalysts or adsorption/purification | |
Supports/adsorbents (carbon/activated carbon) | 7440-44-0 | C112239 | Activated carbon | For water purification & gas purification, 10–24 mesh | Purification/support; can be used as support for supported Co catalysts or for post-reaction workup |
Supports/adsorbents (carbon/activated carbon) | 7440-44-0 | C112240 | Activated carbon | For water purification & gas purification, rod, φ4.0 mm | Shaped carbon for purification; support or post-treatment |
Supports/adsorbents (carbon/activated carbon) | 7440-44-0 | C112241 | Activated carbon | For pharmaceutical decolorization, ≥200 mesh | Fine powder for decolorization; support or post-treatment |
Supports/adsorbents (carbon/activated carbon) | 7440-44-0 | C139569 | Activated carbon | For general gas adsorption, 10–20 mesh | Gas adsorption/support; support or post-treatment |
Supports/adsorbents (carbon/activated carbon) | 7440-44-0 | C139586 | Activated carbon | For water purification, 10–32 mesh | Water treatment/purification; support or post-treatment |
Supports/adsorbents (carbon/activated carbon) | 7440-44-0 | C396531 | Activated carbon | Phosphotungstic acid modified activated carbon | Modified support/acidic sites; support or post-treatment |
Supports/adsorbents (carbon/activated carbon) | 7440-44-0 | C139601 | Powdered activated carbon | For general decolorization refining, ≥100 mesh | Decolorization/refining; post-reaction workup |
Supports/adsorbents (carbon/activated carbon) | 7440-44-0 | C299185 | Granular activated carbon | For solvent recovery, 6–12 mesh | Support/purification/recovery; “catalyst carrier grade” supports loading catalysis |
Supports/adsorbents (carbon/activated carbon) | 7440-44-0 | C299291 | Granular activated carbon | Catalyst carrier grade, >4 mesh | Support/purification/recovery; directly positioned as catalyst carrier |
Supports/adsorbents (carbon materials) | 7440-44-0 | C109965 | Nano carbon powder | ≥99.5% metals basis, powder, 30 nm | Carbon support / conductive framework benchmark |
Cobalt metal and powders | 7440-48-4 | Electrodeposited cobalt | Co ≥99.95% | High-purity cobalt source for supported catalysts/alloys/electrodes | |
Cobalt metal and powders | 7440-48-4 | Nano cobalt powder | ≥99.9% metals basis, ≤500 nm | Nano cobalt metal: high activity/high surface area benchmark | |
Cobalt metal and powders | 7440-48-4 | Cobalt | ≥99.8% metals basis, powder, 2 μm | Fine powder facilitates dispersion and impregnation | |
Cobalt metal and powders | 7440-48-4 | Cobalt | PrimorTrace™, ≥99.99% metals basis, granular | High-purity cobalt metal for supported catalysts/alloys/electrodes | |
Cobalt metal and powders | 7440-48-4 | Cobalt lump | ≥99.5% | Bulk metal source / electrode / alloy exploration | |
Cobalt metal and powders | 7440-48-4 | Cobalt foil | ≥99.5% | Electrode / alloy / property testing | |
Cobalt metal and powders | 7440-48-4 | Cobalt powder | ≥99.9% metals basis | Higher-purity benchmark | |
Cobalt oxides/hydroxides (heterogeneous materials) | 1307-96-6 | Cobalt(II) oxide | Reagent grade | General CoO source for materials prep and heterogeneous benchmarks | |
Cobalt oxides/hydroxides (heterogeneous materials) | 1307-96-6 | Cobalt(II) oxide | PrimorTrace™, ≥99.99% metals basis | CoO precursor/active phase; for heterogeneous/electrocatalysis and sulfidation/phosphidation routes | |
Cobalt oxides/hydroxides (heterogeneous materials) | 1308-06-1 | Cobalt(II,III) oxide (Co₃O₄) | PrimorTrace™, ≥99.99% metals basis | Ultra-high-purity Co₃O₄ for electrochemistry/mechanistic benchmarks | |
Cobalt oxides/hydroxides (heterogeneous materials) | 1308-06-1 | Cobalt(II,III) oxide | powder, <10 μm | Fine Co₃O₄ powder for heterogeneous/electrocatalysis benchmarks | |
Cobalt oxides/hydroxides (heterogeneous materials) | 1308-06-1 | Nano cobalt oxide | ≥99.5% metals basis, 50 nm | Small-particle benchmark | |
Cobalt oxides/hydroxides (heterogeneous materials) | 1308-06-1 | Nano cobalt oxide | ≥99.5% metals basis, 100 nm | Particle-size benchmark: size/surface-area effects | |
Cobalt oxides/hydroxides (heterogeneous materials) | 13762-14-6 | Cobalt molybdate(II) | ≥99.9% metals basis | Co–Mo-related precursor/material benchmark | |
Cobalt oxides/hydroxides (heterogeneous materials) | 21041-93-0 | Cobalt hydroxide | ≥99.9% metals basis | High-purity precursor for sensitive benchmarks | |
Cobalt oxides/hydroxides (heterogeneous materials) | 21041-93-0 | Cobalt hydroxide | ≥98% | Electrocatalysis/material precursor | |
Cobalt phosphides/sulfides/selenides (heterogeneous materials) | 12134-02-0 | Cobalt phosphide | ≥99.9% metals basis | CoP/Co₂P-type materials: commonly used for electrocatalysis such as HER | |
Cobalt phosphides/sulfides/selenides (heterogeneous materials) | 1307-99-9 | Cobalt(II) selenide | ≥99% metals basis | CoSe materials: common in electrocatalysis/energy storage research | |
Cobalt phosphides/sulfides/selenides (heterogeneous materials) | 1317-42-6 | Cobalt sulfide | ≥99.5% metals basis | CoS materials: common in electrocatalysis/heterogeneous systems (phase structure should be monitored) | |
Cobalt complexes/organometallic catalysts | 10210-68-1 | Dicobalt octacarbonyl | ≥98%, stabilized with 1–5% hexane | High-purity Co₂(CO)₈ | |
Cobalt complexes/organometallic catalysts | 10210-68-1 | Dicobalt octacarbonyl | ≥95%, stabilized with 1–5% hexane | Classic cobalt carbonyl; key to Pauson–Khand/carbonylation chemistry | |
Cobalt complexes/organometallic catalysts | 1277-43-6 | Bis(cyclopentadienyl)cobalt | — | Cobaltocene for single-electron transfer/mechanistic studies | |
Cobalt complexes/organometallic catalysts | 14024-48-7 | Cobalt(II) acetylacetonate | ≥97% | Co(acac)₂ common cobalt source: homogeneous catalysis and materials precursor | |
Cobalt complexes/organometallic catalysts | 14172-90-8 | Cobalt(II) tetraphenylporphyrin | ≥95% | Common model cobalt complex for biomimetic/electrocatalysis research | |
Cobalt complexes/organometallic catalysts | 21679-46-9 | Cobalt acetylacetonate | PrimorTrace™, ≥99.99% metals basis | High-purity Co(acac)₃ / related cobalt complex source (subject to the list), suitable for sensitive mechanistic/electrochemical systems | |
Cobalt complexes/organometallic catalysts | 21679-46-9 | Cobalt(III) acetylacetonate | ≥98% | Co(acac)₃ common precursor; tunes accessible oxidation-state window | |
Cobalt complexes/organometallic catalysts | 3317-67-7 | Cobalt(II) phthalocyanine | ≥95% | Common cobalt complex model for electrocatalysis/small-molecule activation |
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