Girinimbine (Girinimbin) is a carbazole alkaloid with a variety of biological effects. Girinimbine can induce apoptosis , and has antitrypanosomal, antiplatelet activity, antibacterial activity, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor activities .
In Vitro
Girinimbine (1-400 µM; 24-72 h) decreases the viability of HepG2 cells in 24, 48 and 72 h with IC 50 values of 61 µM, 56 µM, and 40 µM respectively. Girinimbine (10-100 µM; 24-48 h) increase of LDH leakage in both concentration- and time-dependent manner in HepG2 cells. Girinimbine (56 µM; 24-48 h) treatment results in DNA fragmentation and elevates levels of caspase-3 in HepG2 cells.\nHepG2 cells. Girinimbine (56 µM; 12-48 h) treatment also displays a time-dependent accumulation of the Sub-G0/G1 peak (hypodiploid) and caused G0/G1-phase arrest. Girinimbine shows a potent antitrypanosomal activitywith an IC 50 value of 10.16 µg/mL. MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Cell Viability AssayCell Line: HepG2 cells Concentration: 1 µM, 10 µM, 50 µM, 100 µM, 200 µM Incubation Time: 24 h, 48 h and 72 h Result: Inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells in vitro in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Apoptosis AnalysisCell Line: HepG2 cells Concentration: 56 µM Incubation Time: 24 h, 48 h Result: Showed typical morphological features of apoptosis. Cell Cycle AnalysisCell Line: HepG2 cells Concentration: 56 µM Incubation Time: 12 h, 24 h, 48 h Result: Induced G0/G1-phase arrest in HepG2 cells.
In Vivo
Girinimbine (10-100 mg/kg; orally gavage; once) pretreatment helps limit total leukocyte migration, and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, TNF-α) levels in the peritoneal fluid. In vivo in zebrafish embryos, Girinimbine (20 μg/mL; 24 hours) shows significant distribution of apoptotic cells in embryos. MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Animal Model: Male ICR mice (25-35 g) treated with carrageenanDosage: 10 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg Administration: Orally gavage; once Result: Helped limit total leukocyte migration, and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the peritoneal fluid.
Form:Solid
