Lotus Leaf Extract

Cat. No.: L1449822

Storage

Store at -20°C

Shipped In

Ice chest + Ice pads

Overview

Lotus Leaf Extract is the extract of Lotus Leaf, with content of 2% , 3% Nuciferine HPLC.

Specifications

Storage

Store at -20°C

Shipped In

Ice chest + Ice pads

This product requires cold chain shipping. Ground and other economy services are not available.

Application Protocols

The following protocols are general, literature-informed examples for working with botanical extracts. They are provided as starting points and should be adapted to your system. No item-specific performance has been validated.

1. Preparation of analytical stock solution

• Weigh 10–50 mg extract into an amber vial.
• Add DMSO or methanol to 10 mg/mL.
• Sonicate 10 min; vortex. Centrifuge 10,000 × g for 10 min. Transfer supernatant to a clean vial; 0.22 µm filter for LC–MS/HPLC.

2. LC–MS fingerprinting (UPLC)

• Column: C18, 2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 µm.
• Mobile phases: A = water + 0.1% formic acid; B = acetonitrile + 0.1% formic acid.
• Gradient: 5–40% B (0–15 min), 40–95% B (15–25 min), hold 95% B (25–28 min), re-equilibrate.
• Detection: PDA 200–400 nm; MS in ±ESI (m/z 100–1000).
• Inject 1–5 µL of a 0.1–0.5 mg/mL sample.

3. Cell-free enzyme assay compatibility check

• Prepare serial dilutions in assay buffer with ≤0.5% DMSO (final).
• Include vehicle controls and a redox-interference control if the readout is ROS- or metal-sensitive.
• Pre-clear solutions by centrifugation to avoid scattering.

4. SPE cleanup prior to bioassay

• Condition C18 cartridge (MeOH → H2O).
• Load aqueous-diluted sample.
• Wash with 5–10% MeOH/H2O to remove sugars.
• Elute phenolics with 40–80% MeOH/H2O; collect and concentrate under reduced pressure; reconstitute in assay-compatible vehicle.

Always document solvent composition and final vehicle percentage in the assay.

Biological Roles

Biological roles are described for typical classes of constituents found in lotus leaf (general literature context). These are provided for biochemical understanding and research planning; they are not item-specific and do not imply biological efficacy.

• Flavonoids (e.g., quercetin, kaempferol derivatives): Plant secondary metabolites involved in UV protection, pigmentation, and defense. Biochemically, they can act as redox-active phenolics capable of metal chelation and free-radical scavenging in vitro. They are substrates for glycosyltransferases and can undergo phase II metabolism (glucuronidation, sulfation) in mammalian systems.
• Alkaloids (e.g., nuciferine, aporphines): Nitrogen-containing secondary metabolites implicated in plant defense. In biochemical assays, they may interact with membrane components or enzymes; many are basic and lipophilic, influencing their partitioning and binding behavior. Metabolically, they often undergo oxidative N-dealkylation and conjugation.
• Phenolic acids and tannins: Contribute to astringency and defense; exhibit protein-binding capacity and can precipitate proteins/polysaccharides in vitro, which impacts assay design (potential nonspecific interactions).
• Lipophilic constituents (phytosterols, fatty acids): Structural components of plant membranes; may modulate membrane properties in model systems.

Experimental considerations:

• Complex mixtures can produce pleiotropic effects in biochemical assays. Employ fractionation and orthogonal controls (vehicle, matrix-matched blanks) to dissect mechanism and specificity.
• Protein-binding and redox activity can confound enzyme or cell-based readouts; include counter-screens (e.g., detergent tolerance, redox-interference tests) where relevant.

Buffer Applications

Not typically applicable. Lotus Leaf Extract is a complex mixture and not used as a buffering agent. If incorporating into aqueous biological assays:

• Prepare stock in DMSO, ethanol, or aqueous alcohol and dilute into the desired biological buffer (e.g., PBS, HBSS, assay-specific buffers), ensuring the final co-solvent content is compatible with the system (commonly ≤0.1–1% v/v for cells/enzymes).
• Consider slight acidification of the vehicle (0.05–0.1% formic or acetic acid) to maintain solubility of basic alkaloids, provided the assay tolerates minor pH changes.
• Verify that the buffer contains minimal components that could precipitate phenolics (e.g., high concentrations of polyvalent cations may form complexes).

Green Alternatives

Greener handling considerations focus on solvent selection and processing, since the product itself is a plant-derived mixture.

• Preferred extraction/dilution solvents (general guidance):
  • Ethanol (anhydrous or aqueous) and water are broadly recognized as greener alternatives to methanol, acetonitrile, and chlorinated solvents for preparing and manipulating botanical extracts, where compatible with your method.
  • Supercritical CO2 (with ethanol co-solvent) can produce lipophilic-rich fractions without chlorinated wastes; not always suitable for polar phenolics.
• Minimize hazardous waste:
  • Use aqueous ethanol gradients for preparative work and SPE over liquid–liquid extraction with halogenated solvents when feasible.
  • Consolidate solvent screening at small scale to identify the minimal solvent system that achieves assay targets.
• Energy and stability:
  • Work at ambient temperature for dissolution to reduce energy use; avoid prolonged heating that accelerates oxidative degradation of phenolics/alkaloids.
• Trade-offs:
  • Ethanol/water systems are safer and more sustainable but may extract more matrix components (e.g., sugars, chlorophyll), increasing baseline noise in LC–UV; additional cleanup (SPE, precipitation) may be needed.
  • Methanol improves solubility and LC–MS performance for some analytes but carries higher toxicity concerns and disposal costs.

Recommendation: If developing new methods, begin with aqueous ethanol (30–80%) or ethanol/DMSO blends, and reserve more hazardous solvents for targeted fractionation only when justified by analytical performance.

Pharmaceutical Uses

No therapeutic or clinical claims are made. This product is designated For research use only.

Context for formulation and manufacturing research (general, non-compendial):

• Compendial status: Botanical “Lotus Leaf Extract” is not a single compendial excipient; pharmacopeial monographs may exist for certain plant parts or defined markers, but none are specified for this item. Confirm regulatory status before any non-research application.
• Use in R&D: May serve as a model botanical matrix for developing analytical methods (e.g., marker quantitation by HPLC/LC–MS), studying excipient–botanical interactions, or exploring stabilization strategies for phenolic-rich mixtures.
• Formulation studies: Researchers may evaluate carriers (cyclodextrins, polymers), antioxidants (ascorbates, sulfites—mind reactivity), and microencapsulation techniques to enhance stability of polyphenols and alkaloids during processing and storage. Such approaches are investigational and must be validated case-by-case.
• Process development: Can be employed to optimize extraction, clarification, and filtration steps relevant to botanical manufacturing (e.g., solvent selection, solid–liquid ratio, clarification aids), with subsequent scale-down models for spray or freeze drying.

Note: Any consideration of human or veterinary use requires comprehensive safety, quality, and regulatory assessments beyond the scope of this research product.

Physical Properties

As a multi-component botanical extract, discrete single-compound physicochemical constants are not applicable.

Item-specific values:

• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Grade/Purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular weight/formula: Not applicable to mixtures.

General/literature guidance for lotus leaf extracts (will vary with solvent and process):

• Physical form: Often supplied as a dried powder or resinous solid; color can range from yellow–brown to dark green depending on solvent and concentration of chlorophylls/tannins.
• Solubility: Typically partially to fully soluble in polar organic solvents (DMSO, methanol, ethanol) and variably dispersible in water; aqueous solubility increases for glycosidic flavonoids and decreases for lipophilic alkaloids and sterols. Small amounts of acid (0.1% formic or acetic acid) can aid dissolution for basic alkaloids.
• Partitioning: Mixed polarity; fractionation yields both hydrophilic (phenolics) and lipophilic (alkaloids, lipids) subfractions. Empirical logP is not meaningful for the mixture.
• UV/Vis: Broad absorbance bands often observed at ~254–280 nm (phenolics) and ~330–370 nm (flavonols) in HPLC-UV fingerprints (literature). Actual UV cutoff and profile are mixture-dependent.
• Hygroscopicity: Some dried extracts are moderately hygroscopic and may cake on exposure to ambient humidity.

Always verify lot-specific physical attributes and solubility on receipt. For chromatography or bioassay use, pre-filter solutions (0.22–0.45 µm) to remove insolubles before analysis.

Quality & Grades

Item-specific quality designations:

• Grade/Purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

How to interpret quality for botanical extracts (general guidance for professional users):

• Identity testing: Often supported by HPLC/UPLC fingerprinting (UV or MS), TLC profiling, and, where applicable, marker compound assays (e.g., nuciferine, quercetin derivatives). A robust fingerprint compares peak pattern and relative ratios to a reference library.
• Assay/standardization: Some extracts are standardized to a class of constituents (e.g., “total flavonoids by UV” or specific alkaloids by HPLC). If standardization is critical for your use, confirm marker(s), method, and acceptance criteria on the CoA.
• Purity in the context of extracts: Rather than a single percent purity, quality is described via contaminant limits (residual solvents, heavy metals, pesticides), microbial counts, moisture, ash, and chromatographic purity of specified markers. Values are process- and supplier-specific.
• Stabilizers: Botanical extracts are generally supplied without added stabilizers; if antioxidants (e.g., ascorbate) or carriers (e.g., maltodextrin) are present, they should be declared on the CoA/spec. None are specified for this item.
• UV suitability: For chromatographic uses (HPLC-UV), low background at analytical wavelengths is important; pre-cleanup or SPE may be recommended to reduce baseline drift when complex tannin matrices are present.

Recommendation: Review the lot-specific CoA for identity methods, marker content (if any), solvent residues, and contaminant panels to ensure suitability for your analytical or screening workflow.

Reaction & Applications

This product is primarily intended for natural products and life-science research rather than as a stoichiometric reagent.

Representative research applications (general, literature-based):

• Phytochemical profiling: Use in HPLC/UPLC-UV or LC–MS to obtain characteristic fingerprints of lotus leaf constituents; can support method development, authentication studies, and comparative metabolomics.
• Bioassay-guided fractionation: Partitioning followed by activity screening (e.g., enzyme inhibition, redox/antioxidant assays, receptor-binding screens) to prioritize fractions and putative actives. Maintain controls for solvent effects.
• Reference material in analytical development: Spike-recovery, matrix effects, and system suitability in phenolic/alkaloid methods. May serve as a positive control mixture for extraction and cleanup workflows.
• Derivatization for analytical enhancement: Phase II-mimicking conjugations (e.g., sulfation/glucuronidation using appropriate reagents) or esterification/silylation to improve GC–MS detectability of phenolics (general technique; not item-specific).

Practical tips:

• Preclarify by centrifugation and 0.22–0.45 µm filtration before LC–MS. Avoid plasticizers—use glass vials for organic-rich solutions.
• For reproducibility, standardize the extraction/dissolution protocol (solvent grade, solid-to-solvent ratio, time, and temperature). Record final solvent composition for bioassays to control for vehicle effects.
• Light and oxygen can alter phenolics/alkaloids; minimize exposure by using amberware and degassed solvents where possible.

Reaction Conditions

No stoichiometric or catalytic reaction conditions are specified for this item. The following are general, literature-based experimental conditions relevant to working with lotus leaf extracts:

• Dissolution/prep:
  • Typical stock concentrations: 10–100 mg/mL in DMSO, methanol, or ethanol (adjust to assay requirements). Sonication (5–15 min) may aid dissolution.
  • For aqueous-compatible stocks, prepare 50–70% ethanol/water or include 0.05–0.1% formic acid to enhance solubility of basic alkaloids.
• Clarification: Centrifuge at 10,000–15,000 × g for 10–15 min and filter (0.22–0.45 µm PTFE/nylon) before chromatography or bioassay.
• LC–MS fingerprinting (example guidance, literature):
  • Column: C18, 2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7–3 µm.
  • Mobile phase A: water + 0.1% formic acid; B: acetonitrile or methanol + 0.1% formic acid.
  • Gradient: 5% to 95% B over 20–30 min; flow 0.2–0.4 mL/min; detect at 254, 280, 340 nm and full-scan MS (±ESI for phenolics/alkaloids).
• Fractionation (general): Solid-phase extraction (C18/HLB), or liquid–liquid partitioning (n-hexane → ethyl acetate → n-butanol) to separate lipophilic vs. phenolic fractions.
• Stability studies: Store aliquots at −20°C, protected from light; evaluate degradation by periodic HPLC (look for declining phenolic peaks or new baseline features). Avoid repeated thawing.

All parameters should be optimized empirically for your specific lot and analytical platform.

Safety & Handling

Hazard classification: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS for authoritative hazard, GHS classification, and pictograms.

General laboratory precautions for botanical extracts (good practice; not a substitute for the SDS):

• PPE: Wear lab coat, safety glasses, and appropriate gloves (e.g., nitrile). Use a dust mask or work in a fume hood when handling fine powders to avoid inhalation.
• Avoid generating dust and aerosols. Prevent contact with skin and eyes. Do not ingest or inhale.
• Storage incompatibilities: Keep away from strong oxidizers and strong acids/bases that may degrade phenolics/alkaloids. Avoid prolonged exposure to light and moisture to limit oxidative and hydrolytic degradation.
• First aid (overview; follow institutional protocols):
  • Inhalation: Move to fresh air. Seek medical attention if symptoms persist.
  • Skin contact: Wash with soap and water. Remove contaminated clothing.
  • Eye contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes; remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue rinsing.
  • Ingestion: Rinse mouth; seek medical advice.
• Fire safety: Treat as a combustible organic solid. Use water spray, dry chemical, CO2, or foam. Combustion may produce CO/CO2 and irritating vapors.
• Spill response: Avoid raising dust. Sweep up and collect in a suitable container for disposal. Ventilate area.

Regulatory/usage notes:

• For research use only (non-food, non-cosmetic, non-household). Follow local waste regulations when disposing of extract residues and solvent washes.

Solvent Selection

Because Lotus Leaf Extract is a heterogeneous mixture, solvent choice should be guided by your analytical/assay goals and the polarity distribution of constituents.

Practical guidance (general/literature-based):

• Stock solution solvents:
  • DMSO: Broadly effective for mixed phenolics/alkaloids; ideal for preparing concentrated stocks for bioassays. Dilute into aqueous buffers with vigorous mixing to avoid precipitation.
  • Methanol or Ethanol (absolute or 70% v/v aqueous): Good for phenolics and many alkaloids; compatible with HPLC/LC–MS sample prep. For LC–MS, use LC–MS grade solvents.
  • Water: Limited direct solubility for lipophilic alkaloids; improves with a small % of organic co-solvent or cyclodextrins. Slight acidification (0.05–0.1% formic or acetic acid) can help protonate basic constituents and maintain solubility.
• Fractionation solvents:
  • Hexane/EtOAc/MeOH sequences or SPE cartridges (C18, HLB) allow polarity-based partitioning prior to analysis or bioassay.
• Avoid: High-basicity solvents (strong amines) that can induce degradation of esterified phenolics; chlorinated solvents for routine bioassay stocks unless strictly necessary.

Quick comparison (general):

• DMSO: Maximal solubilization; may affect certain bioassays at >0.5–1% v/v.
• MeOH: Excellent for LC–MS; toxic to cells at modest %; volatile (easy to remove).
• EtOH: Biocompatible at low %; slightly lower solvency for very polar glycosides than MeOH.

Tip: Prepare a small solubility screen (water, 10–50% MeOH/H2O, EtOH, DMSO) and inspect for clarity/precipitation before scaling.

Storage & Reconstitution

Item-specific conditions:

• Storage: Store at −20°C (per product data). Protect from light and moisture.
• Shipping: Shipped in an ice chest with ice pads.

General guidance for botanical extracts:

• Upon receipt: Allow to equilibrate to room temperature in sealed packaging before opening to prevent condensation. Inspect for caking or moisture.
• Aliquoting: If frequent use is anticipated, divide into small, airtight amber vials under dry conditions (preferably in a desiccator or glove box) to minimize freeze–thaw and moisture exposure.
• Reconstitution:
  • Prepare a concentrated stock (e.g., 10–100 mg/mL) in DMSO, methanol, or ethanol. Sonicate as needed.
  • For aqueous applications, dilute the organic stock into buffer with vigorous mixing to the desired final organic percentage (commonly ≤0.1–1% v/v for cells/enzymes). Slight acidification (0.05–0.1% formic or acetic acid) may enhance solubility of basic constituents.
• Stability:
  • Store solutions at −20°C or 4°C in amber vials. Many phenolic/alkaloid mixtures are light- and oxygen-sensitive; purge headspace with inert gas if possible.
  • Avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles; use single-use aliquots. Discard solutions that show precipitation, color change, or unexpected chromatographic profiles.
• Documentation: Record solvent, concentration, and preparation date; refer to the lot-specific CoA/Spec Sheet for any additional handling notes.

For research use only.

Structure & Identity

This product is a complex botanical mixture derived from lotus leaf (commonly Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.). As an extract, it does not have a single, well-defined chemical structure.

• SKU: L1449822
• Product name: Lotus Leaf Extract
• Source material: Lotus leaf (botanical source; exact plant part and extraction solvent not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.)
• CAS: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular formula: Not applicable to mixtures; not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular weight: Not applicable to mixtures; not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• SMILES / InChIKey: Not applicable to mixtures; not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Structural features (general literature context):

• Lotus leaf extracts typically contain multiple classes of natural products, including:
  • Flavonoids (e.g., quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin glycosides)
  • Alkaloids (e.g., nuciferine, N-nornuciferine; aporphine-type)
  • Phenolic acids (e.g., gallic, caffeic acids) and tannins
  • Lipophilic constituents (e.g., phytosterols, fatty acids) depending on extraction solvent
• 2D structural motifs present in typical constituents include phenylchromenone (flavone) cores with phenolic hydroxyls and O-glycosides; aporphine alkaloids with tetracyclic nitrogen-containing frameworks.

Important note:

• Exact composition, marker compounds, and relative abundances are batch- and process-dependent. For definitive identity tests (e.g., HPLC/UPLC fingerprint, TLC profile, marker assay), consult the lot-specific Certificate of Analysis.

Synthetic Utility

While not a defined synthetic reagent, Lotus Leaf Extract can be leveraged in natural products and medicinal chemistry workflows (general literature context):

• Isolation feedstock: Provides access to aporphine alkaloids (e.g., nuciferine) and flavonol glycosides, which can be isolated by preparative chromatography for structural studies or semisynthetic modification.
• Derivatization platform: Phenolic hydroxyls in flavonoids allow O-alkylation/acylation, etherification, and carbonate formation. Aporphine alkaloids (tertiary amines) can undergo quaternization, N-oxidation, and selective functionalization to explore SAR in receptor-binding studies.
• Analytical derivatization: Silylation (BSTFA, TMCS) or acylation improves GC–MS volatility for phenolic acids; stable isotope labeling can facilitate quantitative LC–MS method development.
• Retrosynthetic inspiration: The diverse scaffolds present inform synthetic targets and libraries (e.g., biaryl/heterobiaryl coupling to mimic flavonoid frameworks; Pictet–Spengler or oxidative cyclizations modeling aporphine cores).

Practical advice:

• For reproducible semisynthesis, isolate and characterize the target constituent first (NMR, HRMS) rather than attempting direct mixture derivatization.
• Maintain mild conditions to avoid polymerization/oxidation of phenolics (inert atmosphere, low temperature, protected from light).

Target Specificity

Not applicable. This product is a botanical extract and not an affinity reagent (e.g., antibody, inhibitor with a defined single target). Any observed biological effects in assays may arise from multiple constituents and off-target interactions. Use fractionation and orthogonal confirmation assays to assess specificity.