Nano Silver - 1000ppm, Particle size: 12-20nm

Cat. No.: N1524093

GRADE & PURITY 1000ppm, Particle size: 12-20nm

Storage

Room temperature

Shipped In

Normal

Specifications

Specifications & Purity

1000ppm, Particle size: 12-20nm

Storage

Room temperature

Shipped In

Normal

Application Protocols

No manufacturer-validated application protocols are provided for this item.

General starting points (literature/guidance; adjust to your material)

• Dispersion: add the required volume of nanoparticle dispersion to your medium or, if supplied as powder, wet with a small aliquot of the target solvent, then dilute under gentle stirring. Brief bath sonication (1–5 min) can help deagglomerate. Avoid probe sonication unless necessary.
• UV–Vis quality check: record spectrum 300–800 nm; a symmetric LSPR near ~400 nm (for small spheres) indicates good dispersion. Broad/red-shifted peaks suggest aggregation.
• SERS test: adsorb a model analyte (e.g., 4-mercaptobenzoic acid) at micromolar levels; evaluate enhancement and hotspot formation by controlled salt addition if compatible.
• Catalysis benchmark: use 4-nitrophenol/NaBH4 reduction to compare activity between batches; extract apparent rate constants from ln(A/A0) vs time plots.

These are non-item-specific suggestions; optimize conditions for your stabilizer, particle size, and matrix. Always verify compatibility and safety before scaling.

Biological Roles

Applicability note: Nano silver is a materials science reagent; no biological role is specified for this product. The following are general/literature observations, not product claims.

• Elemental silver is not an essential biological element. In nanoparticulate form, Ag can interact with biomolecules (proteins, membranes, nucleic acids) largely via surface adsorption and through any released Ag+ ions (literature).

• Common research contexts (non-clinical)

  • Biosensing: AgNPs as SERS-active labels or LSPR transducers for detection of nucleic acids, proteins, and small molecules.
  • Biointerfaces: studies of protein corona formation and its effect on cellular uptake and nanoparticle fate.
  • Antimicrobial surface research: evaluation of Ag-containing coatings on abiotic materials for inhibition of microbial growth in controlled lab studies. No medical use implied.

• Mechanistic notes (literature)

  • LSPR-driven field enhancement can increase signal in optical assays.
  • Surface chemistry controls bio–nano interactions: charge, hydrophobicity, and ligand identity regulate opsonization and colloidal stability in biological buffers.

• Practical cautions

  • Biological media with chloride (e.g., PBS) and sulfur-containing amino acids/thiols can complex or passivate Ag, altering responses.
  • Endotoxin and sterility requirements are application-specific; this product provides no such guarantees—consult the CoA or select specialized bio-grade materials when necessary.

Buffer Applications

Nano silver is not a buffering reagent. It does not establish or maintain pH. Accordingly, this section is typically not applicable.

Practical notes (general)

• Dispersion stability in buffers varies strongly with ionic strength and chloride content. High-salt buffers (e.g., PBS) can induce aggregation or form AgCl on the surface.
• For biological assays, low-ionic-strength, chloride-free media (e.g., HEPES or acetate at modest ionic strength) may better preserve colloidal stability, provided the stabilizer is compatible. Item-specific compatibility is not provided—verify empirically.

Green Alternatives

Perspective: Nano silver is valued for unique plasmonic and catalytic properties; however, silver is a precious metal and nanoforms raise environmental concerns (aquatic toxicity, persistence). Selection and synthesis strategies can improve sustainability.

• Greener synthesis approaches (literature/general)

  • Reductants: replace hydrides or glycols with ascorbate, glucose, plant extracts, or photochemical methods to reduce waste and hazards.
  • Solvents: use water or bio-based solvents (e.g., glycerol) instead of high-boiling aprotic solvents.
  • Energy: microwave or flow synthesis for higher efficiency and tighter size control, reducing batch failures and waste.

• Alternative materials (use-case dependent)

  • Gold nanoparticles: chemically inert and biocompatible in many contexts, but higher cost; less prone to oxidation/sulfidation.
  • Copper nanoparticles: lower cost; higher conductivity than Ag per mass basis is lower, but close; susceptible to oxidation—require protective shells/inks.
  • Carbon-based nanomaterials (graphene, CNTs, carbon black): for conductivity/EMI shielding where plasmonic Ag chemistry is not essential; improved sustainability and cost.
  • Metal oxides (ZnO, TiO2, Ag-free formulations): for photocatalysis or antimicrobial surfaces where applicable; tradeoffs in activity and spectral response.

• Comparison snapshot (general)

  • Silver NPs: top-tier plasmonics/conductivity; precious metal; aquatic toxicity concerns.
  • Copper NPs: economical; oxidation management required; good for bulk conductive prints with protective sintering.
  • Carbon nanomaterials: scalable, lighter; non-plasmonic; conductivity depends on percolation networks.

• End-of-life and exposure

  • Favor immobilized/supported formats (on SiO2, Al2O3, polymers) to minimize particle release.
  • Implement capture/filtration of process effluents; recycle silver where feasible.

Pharmaceutical Uses

No pharmacopeial grade or excipient role is specified for this product, and it is labeled for research use only. Therefore, it is not intended for clinical formulation.

General materials/manufacturing contexts (non-clinical, literature)

• Device and material R&D: incorporation into polymers, coatings, and textiles during development of antimicrobial surfaces for equipment, filters, and packaging (no therapeutic claims).
• Diagnostics manufacturing R&D: plasmonic labels (e.g., SERS tags) and reflective/conductive layers in prototype biosensors and lateral-flow device components.
• Printed electronics for healthcare devices: conductive inks/pastes for traces, electrodes, and heaters in non-implantable prototypes.

Regulatory and quality cautions

• If an application requires biocompatibility or specific extractables/leachables limits, source specialized grades with documented compliance. This listing provides no such specifications.
• Avoid extrapolating research findings to clinical performance without appropriate validation and regulatory review.

Physical Properties

Item-specific specifications are not provided. Consult the CoA/Spec Sheet for particle size, concentration, dispersant, and stabilizer details.

• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Density: 10.49 g/cm³ for bulk Ag (literature); effective apparent density of nanopowders varies with porosity/agglomeration (not a product spec).
• Melting point: 961.8 °C (bulk silver, literature); nanoparticles exhibit melting-point depression depending on size (literature).
• Boiling point: 2162 °C (bulk silver, literature). Not typically relevant for nanoparticles.
• Solubility/dispersion (literature/general)
  • Insoluble as a bulk solid; forms colloidal dispersions in water or organic media when stabilized (e.g., citrate, PVP, alkylamines). Specific medium for this item is not specified.
  • Sensitive to halides (AgCl formation) and sulfide/sulfur-containing species (Ag2S), which can alter optical/catalytic properties.
• Optical properties (literature)
  • Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR): typically ~400 nm for 10–20 nm spherical particles; peak position/bandwidth report size/aggregation.
  • Strong scattering/absorption cross-sections enable SERS and plasmonic sensing applications.
• Surface charge: Zeta potential and isoelectric behavior depend on capping ligand and medium ionic strength; not specified for this item.
• Refractive index: bulk Ag is highly reflective with complex, wavelength-dependent n,k values (literature). For colloids, effective optical constants depend on particle size/fraction.

Note: All non-item values above are literature/general and not product specifications.

Quality & Grades

• Item-specific grade/purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• What defines quality for nano silver (general/literature expectations)

  • Particle size and distribution: TEM mean diameter and standard deviation; DLS hydrodynamic size and polydispersity index (PDI). Narrow distributions yield consistent optical/catalytic behavior.
  • Surface chemistry: identity and loading of capping agent (e.g., citrate, PVP, thiols); surface cleanliness (residual reductants or salts) strongly impacts stability and reactivity.
  • Concentration: mass (mg/mL) or particle number (particles/mL) and solids wt%. Accurate assay is critical for reproducibility.
  • Crystallinity and phase: XRD for fcc Ag; absence of silver oxide/silver chloride phases unless specified.
  • Contaminants: residual ionic silver (Ag+), chloride, sulfur species, and adventitious metals. Low halide/sulfur content preserves plasmonics and conductivity.
  • Stability: long-term LSPR stability, minimal sedimentation or aggregation under recommended storage.

• Documentation to request/consult

  • CoA: particle size (TEM), DLS data, stabilizer identity, concentration, and metal assay.
  • SDS: hazard classification and safe handling.
  • If using for electronics or spectroscopy, inquire about low-UV background, low organic residue, and ash content (as applicable).

• Stabilizers (note)

  • This listing does not specify any stabilizer. If a specific ligand/coating is required for your method (e.g., PVP for ink formulations), confirm prior to purchase.

Reaction & Applications

This product is positioned under Materials Science; nano silver is widely used as a plasmonic and catalytic material. Item-specific application testing is not provided; below are literature/general uses.

• Catalysis (heterogeneous, literature)

  • Selective oxidations (e.g., ethylene oxide industrially with supported Ag; lab-scale aerobic alcohol oxidations on AgNPs under O2).
  • Reductions: benchmark 4-nitrophenol → 4-aminophenol in the presence of NaBH4 using AgNPs as catalysts; convenient for activity comparisons.
  • Couplings/condensations: AgNPs reported for A3 coupling (aldehyde–alkyne–amine), nitroolefin reductions, and epoxide ring-openings under mild conditions.

• Plasmonics and sensing

  • SERS substrates: roughened or aggregated AgNPs amplify Raman signals of adsorbates. Tunable by size/shape and interparticle gaps.
  • Colorimetric analyte detection: LSPR shifts upon aggregation or surface chemistry changes enable simple optical assays.

• Electronics and printing

  • Conductive inks/pastes for printed electronics, RFID antennas, and flexible circuits; sintering yields highly conductive traces at relatively low temperatures compared to bulk melting.

• Antimicrobial materials (materials context)

  • Incorporated into polymers, textiles, and coatings to impart antimicrobial properties to surfaces and devices. Avoid medical/clinical use without appropriate approvals.

• Photonics/energy

  • Light management in photovoltaics and photocatalysis (e.g., plasmon-enhanced fields improving absorption in semiconductors).

Practical tips (general)

• Remove halides and sulfur contaminants to maintain active metallic surfaces.
• For catalysis, mild thermal treatment can increase activity by cleaning organics; balance against sintering risk.
• Characterize pre- and post-use (UV–Vis, TEM, XPS) to track aggregation and surface changes.

Reaction Conditions

Item-specific reaction performance is not provided. Below are representative, literature-reported conditions to guide experimental planning; adjust to your system and verify.

• 4-Nitrophenol reduction (benchmark)

  • Typical: aqueous solution, excess NaBH4 (e.g., 0.1–1.0 M), catalytic AgNPs (nM–µM particle concentrations), 20–25 °C. Reaction progress monitored by UV–Vis (400 nm band decay). Pseudo-first-order kinetics with respect to 4-NP in large BH4− excess; timescale minutes.

• Aerobic alcohol oxidation

  • Solvent: toluene, acetonitrile, or solvent-free; base often unnecessary with Ag/oxide supports. O2 or air (1–10 bar), 50–120 °C, hours. Selectivity depends on substrate and support acidity/basicity.

• A3 coupling (aldehyde–alkyne–amine)

  • Solvent-free or DMSO/MeCN; AgNPs (1–5 mol% Ag relative to limiting reagent), 60–100 °C, 6–24 h; yields vary (40–90%) depending on substrates and catalyst preparation (literature ranges).

• Conductive ink sintering (materials context)

  • Printed films from AgNP inks are typically sintered 120–200 °C for 10–60 min in air or inert gas to reach low sheet resistance; photonic/laser sintering allows sub-second processing on thermally sensitive substrates (parameters vary with ink and substrate).

• SERS substrate preparation

  • Drop-cast or self-assemble AgNPs on cleaned glass/Au/Si; gentle aggregation with low salt (if compatible) to create hotspots; measure Raman under low laser power to avoid heating.

Notes

• Ligands profoundly affect catalysis and sintering; remove or exchange as needed.
• Avoid chloride-rich conditions unless AgCl formation is intended.
• All values above are literature/general guidance, not specifications for this item.

Safety & Handling

• Research Use: For research use only (per Product Data). Not for human or animal diagnostic or therapeutic use.
• GHS/SDS information
  • Signal Word: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
  • H-Statements/GHS Classification/Pictograms: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• General hazards (literature/guidance for nano-Ag)
  • Inhalation of nanopowders can be harmful; minimize dust and aerosol generation. Use engineering controls (fume hood, glove box) and appropriate respiratory protection if aerosol risk exists.
  • Silver is very toxic to aquatic life; prevent environmental release. Collect spills with inert absorbents; dispose in accordance with local regulations.
  • Reactivity: reacts with halides forming insoluble AgX; tarnishes with sulfur/sulfides (Ag2S). Avoid contact with acetylene, ammonia, and strong oxidizers under certain conditions.
• PPE recommendations (good laboratory practice)
  • Wear lab coat, safety glasses/goggles, and chemical-resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile). For powder handling, consider sleeve covers and P3/N100 particulate respirator if airborne particles may be generated.
• Handling tips (nano-specific)
  • Work wet where possible (dispersions) to limit airborne particles. Use antistatic measures to reduce powder dispersal.
  • Avoid chloride and sulfide contamination if preserving optical/catalytic properties is critical.
  • For colloids, avoid high ionic strength unless stabilized; salt can induce aggregation.
• First aid (overview; defer to SDS)
  • Inhalation: move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms persist.
  • Skin/eye contact: rinse with water for several minutes; remove contaminated clothing; obtain medical advice if irritation occurs.
  • Ingestion: rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting; seek medical attention.

Always consult the product-specific SDS for authoritative safety, toxicological, and disposal guidance.

Solvent Selection

Applicability: Solvent choice is relevant for dispersing and processing nano silver. Item-specific dispersion medium is not provided; guidance below is general/literature-based.

• Polarity/miscibility considerations (general)

  • Aqueous systems: citrate- or carbonate-stabilized AgNPs disperse in water at low ionic strength and near-neutral pH. High salt can screen charges and induce aggregation.
  • Polar organics: PVP- or amine-capped AgNPs are often dispersible in ethanol, isopropanol (IPA), ethylene glycol, or NMP/DMF. Viscous polyols (EG, DEG) aid ink/film formation.
  • Nonpolar media: thiol- or alkylamine-capped AgNPs can disperse in toluene, hexanes, or chloroform.

• Compatibility notes

  • Avoid halide-rich media (Cl−, Br−, I−) when LSPR integrity is critical; AgX formation alters surfaces and optics.
  • Sulfur-containing solvents/additives (e.g., thiols) can strongly bind and passivate Ag surfaces—useful for stabilization, detrimental for catalysis/conductivity.
  • For SERS, use low-fluorescence, low-UV-absorbing solvents to reduce background.

• Practical selection tips

  • Match solvent to surface ligand: like-dissolves-like (ionic/citrate → water; PVP → alcohols/water; alkyl ligands → nonpolar).
  • Start with low concentrations and gentle sonication; avoid aggressive probe sonication if facet integrity matters.
  • Filter through large-pore PTFE/nylon only if needed; fine filtration can strip/aggregate particles.

• Comparison (general)

  • Water: green, safe, but sensitive to ionic strength; best with electrostatically stabilized particles.
  • Alcohols (EtOH/IPA): fast-drying for inks; moderate polarity; good with PVP coatings.
  • Glycols: slower drying; enhance film formation and sintering at lower temperatures.
  • Nonpolars: useful for hydrophobic coatings; often yield better long-term dispersion with alkyl-capped AgNPs.

Storage & Reconstitution

• Storage conditions (from Product Data)

  • Store at room temperature.
  • Shipped under normal conditions.

• Item-specific details not provided

  • Physical form (powder vs. dispersion), stabilizer/coating, and concentration: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• General storage guidance (nano silver; ensure compatibility with your specific material)

  • Keep container tightly closed in a dry, well-ventilated place. Protect from dust generation (for powders) and from light that may promote photo-oxidation.
  • Avoid exposure to halides and sulfur-containing vapors/reagents that can passivate or tarnish the surface (AgCl/Ag2S formation).
  • For aqueous dispersions: store at ambient away from high ionic strength; do not freeze unless validated, as freeze–thaw can induce aggregation. Minimize headspace and temperature cycling.
  • For organic dispersions: prevent solvent evaporation; inert headspace (N2/Ar) may improve shelf life if oxidation is a concern.

• Reconstitution/resuspension (if supplied as powder; general)

  • Wet the powder with a small amount of the target solvent compatible with the stabilizer (water for citrate; alcohols/water for PVP; nonpolar for alkyl ligands), then bring to volume under stirring. Use brief bath sonication to break soft agglomerates; avoid over-sonication that can reshape particles.

Always refer to the product’s CoA and SDS for item-specific storage, stability window, and compatibility information.

Structure & Identity

Brief overview: Nano Silver refers to dispersible nanoparticles composed of elemental silver (Ag0). Particle size, shape, surface ligands, and concentration critically determine performance.

• Item-specific identifiers

  • CAS: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • CID: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • InChIKey: Not applicable to nanoparticles.
  • SMILES: Not applicable to nanoparticles.
  • Molecular Formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. (Elemental silver is Ag.)
  • Molecular Weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• Structural features (general/literature)

  • Core: metallic silver, typically face-centered cubic (fcc) lattice.
  • Morphology: spheres are most common; rods, plates, cubes, and wires are also known (literature). Facets often express {111}/{100} planes.
  • Surface: often carries adsorbed/chemisorbed stabilizers (e.g., citrate, PVP, amines) to prevent aggregation (not specified for this item).
  • Oxidation state: predominantly Ag0 at the core; native surface may bear a thin Ag2O layer in air (literature).
  • 2D description: an assembly of nanoscale Ag atoms forming near-spherical clusters; no discrete molecular bonds or defined stereochemistry.

• Identity checks (general guidance)

  • UV–Vis: localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) typically 380–420 nm for small (~10–40 nm) spheres; red-shifts with size/aggregation (literature).
  • XRD: fcc Ag reflections at 2θ ≈ 38.1°, 44.3°, 64.4°, 77.5° (Cu Kα) (literature).
  • TEM/DLS: provides primary size and hydrodynamic diameter, respectively (item-specific values not provided).

Synthetic Utility

Although not a molecular building block, nano silver functions as a heterogeneous catalyst and functional additive in synthesis. No item-specific performance data are provided; the following are literature/general utilities.

• Catalytic transformations

  • Reductions: benchmark catalytic reduction of nitroarenes (e.g., 4-nitrophenol → 4-aminophenol) with NaBH4 or H2 at ambient to mild conditions.
  • Oxidations: aerobic oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes/ketones using supported AgNPs under O2 or air; tuning via particle size/support acidity.
  • Couplings: A3 coupling (aldehyde–alkyne–amine) and related multicomponent condensations under solvent-free or polar-solvent conditions; AgNPs act as Lewis acidic and π-activating sites.
  • Epoxide/michael additions: AgNPs catalyze ring opening and conjugate additions, often at room temperature.

• Plasmon-assisted chemistry

  • Under visible light, LSPR excitation can generate hot carriers that promote surface reactions (e.g., selective oxidations) on or near AgNPs (research-scale).

• Additive roles

  • Nucleating/conductive additive in polymer composites; facilitates sintering of Ag films at reduced temperatures, enabling low-temperature metallization on plastics.

Practical guidance

• Precondition catalysts by washing to remove residual ligands that block sites; gentle thermal treatment can improve activity but may induce sintering.
• Avoid halide/sulfide contamination that deactivates surfaces.
• Recycle and characterize spent catalyst to monitor aggregation and leaching (ICP-OES for Ag in solution).

Target Specificity

Not applicable. This product is a nanomaterial reagent, not an antibody, probe, or biologic. No antigen/epitope or species reactivity information is associated with nano silver.