10mM in DMSO for sensitive chromatographic and analytical workflows requiring minimal baseline interference.
Store at -80°C Ships Dry ice packs + Cold packs Check lot-specific COA for exact specifications.
SDS, COA, datasheet, and spec sheet available for download. Lot-specific COA accessible via lot number lookup.
Cited in 6 peer-reviewed publications across chromatography, organic synthesis, and cross-coupling reactions.
Information
Phenformin (NSC-756501) HCl Phenformin HCl (NSC-756501, Phenethylbiguanide) is a hydrochloride salt of phenformin that is an anti-diabetic drug from the biguanide class. It activates AMPK , increasing activity and phosphorylation.
In vitro
Phenformin stimulates the phosphorylation and activation of AMPKalpha1 and AMPKalpha2 without altering LKB1 activity. Phenformin increases AMPK activity and phosphorylation in the isolated heart, the increase in AMPK activity is always preceded by and correlated with increased cytosolic [AMP]. Phenformin is a 50-fold more potent inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I than metformin. Phenformin robustly induces apoptosis in LKB1 deficient NSCLC cell lines. Phenformin at 2 mM similarly induces AMPK signaling as shown by increased P-AMPK and P-Raptor levels. Phenformin induces higher levels of cellular stress, triggering induction of P-Ser51 eIF2α and its downstream target CHOP, and markers of apoptosis at later times. Phenformin induces a significant increase in survival and therapeutic response in KLluc mice following long-term treatment. Phenformin and AICAR increases AMPK activity in H441 cells in a dose-dependent fashion, stimulating the kinase maximally at 5-10 mm and 2 mm, respectively. Phenformin significantly decreases basal ion transport (measured as short circuit current) across H441 monolayers by approximately 50% compared with that of controls. Phenformin and AICAR significantly reduce amiloride-sensitive transepithelial Na+ transport compared with controls. Phenformin and AICAR suppress amiloride-sensitive Na+ transport across H441 cells via a pathway that includes activation of AMPK and inhibition of both apical Na+ entry through ENaC and basolateral Na+ extrusion via the Na+,K+-ATPase. Phenformin-treated rats reveals a tendency towards a decrease in blood insulin level (radioimmunoassay).
In vivo
Phenformin also increases levels of P-eIF2α and its target BiP/Grp78 in normal lung as well as in lung tumors of mice.
Cell Data
cell lines：
Concentrations：
Incubation Time：
Powder Purity:≥96%
| Isomeric SMILES | C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCN=C(N)N=C(N)N.Cl |
|---|---|
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | DU2200000 |
| UN Number | 2811 |
| Packing Group | I |
| Molecular Weight | 241.72 |
| Reaxy-Rn | 35474258 |
| Reaxys-RN_link_address | https://www.reaxys.com/reaxys/secured/hopinto.do?context=S&query=IDE.XRN=35474258&ln= |
Comprehensive hazard, handling, storage, and regulatory compliance document.
Download SDS →Lot-specific quality data. Enter your lot number to retrieve the exact COA.
Look up COA →Full quality attributes and acceptance criteria for this grade.
View spec sheet →| 1. Huanan Huang, Yihui Chen, Meilin Ni, Jing Du, Chunyan Hou, Xiaoqiang Qiao, Guozhou Cao, Tingting Wang. (2023) Sodium hexametaphosphate-treated halloysite based solid-phase extraction of biguanides from dietary supplements. Analytical Methods, 15 (21): (2685-2692). [PMID:37226487] [10.1039/D3AY00400G] |
| 2. Yiling Ruan, Xinran Li, Linjun You, Jungen Chen, Yueyue Shen, Junying Zhang, Yaozuo Yuan, Lifeng Kang, Chao Qin, Chunyong Wu. (2021) Effect of Pharmaceutical Excipients on Intestinal Absorption of Metformin via Organic Cation-Selective Transporters. MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS, [PMID:33956455] [10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01104] |
| 3. Pan Li, Huan He, Dongyue Lin, Liangbao Yang. (2019) Highly sensitive detection of an antidiabetic drug as illegal additives in health products using solvent microextraction combined with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. ANALYST, 144 (24): (7406-7411). [PMID:31670319] [10.1039/C9AN01688K] |
| 4. Dongmei Cui, Li Mi, Xuan Xu, Jusheng Lu, Jing Qian, Songqin Liu. (2014) Nanocomposites of Graphene and Cytochrome P450 2D6 Isozyme for Electrochemical-Driven Tramadol Metabolism. LANGMUIR, [PMID:25222611] [10.1021/la502699m] |
| 5. Min Yu, Jian-Qin Yan, Ling-Yang Wang, Zhi-Yong Wu, Meng-Yao Wu, Yong Sun, Yan-Tuan Li. (2024) Integrating Theory with Experimental Studies on the Directed Assembly of Phenforminium 5-Fluorouracilate toward Enhanced In Vitro/Vivo Properties and Synergistic Antitumor Efficacy. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN, [PMID:] [10.1021/acs.cgd.4c00295] |
| 6. Qin Zeng, Yiwen Chen, Weihuang Yang, Zheling Zhang, Wenfeng Liu, Yang Zhang, Yu Huang, Dongjie Wang, Qiaogan Liao, Jian Zhang. (2025) Fabrication of Printed Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Nonannealing Strategy Perovskite Film to Achieve PCE > 18%. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, [PMID:40522134] [10.1021/acsami.5c04888] |
