TD Solution (10×, pH 7.4) - BioReagent

Cat. No.: T1528835

GRADE & PURITY BioReagent

Storage

Store at 2-8°C

Shipped In

Wet ice

Overview

TD Solution is a commonly used washing buffer for Western Blot experiments. This product is a 10-fold concentrated solution composed of Tris, KCl, NaCl and trace phosphates, with a pH value of 7.4. Product Features • Effective buffering range: pH 7.0-9.2, perfectly suitable for washing requirements in Western Blot experiments. • Main components: Tris-based buffer system supplemented with KCl, NaCl and trace phosphates. • Storage conditions: Store at 4 °C, shelf-life 12 months. • Instructions for use: Dilute to 1× working concentration with distilled or deionized water prior to use.

Specifications

Specifications & Purity

BioReagent

Storage

Store at 2-8°C

Shipped In

Wet ice

This product requires cold chain shipping. Ground and other economy services are not available.

Grade

BioReagent

Product Line

Biological Products

Application Protocols

Tested/validated application details are not specified for this item. The following are general guidelines for neutral pH buffers; adjust to your assay:

General guidance (literature)

• Dilution: Prepare 1× by mixing 1 part 10× stock with 9 parts ultrapure water. Mix gently.
• Washing (e.g., plates or membranes): 3–5 cycles of 5–10 mL per wash per standard plate or sufficient volume to fully immerse membranes; 5–10 minutes per wash with gentle agitation.
• Incubations: Use sufficient volume to cover the sample; typical times range from 30 minutes to overnight depending on binding kinetics.
• Additives: Introduce detergents or blockers only if validated for your detection chemistry.

For application-specific, lot-specific instructions, please refer to the CoA/Spec Sheet or develop a short pilot protocol to optimize volumes, times, and temperatures for your system.

Biological Roles

This product functions as a laboratory buffer medium at pH 7.4, close to physiological pH, supporting the stability and activity of biomolecules during handling and assays.

General context (literature)

• pH 7.4 approximates extracellular fluid conditions in many mammalian systems. Maintaining this pH helps preserve protein conformation, antigen–antibody interactions, and enzyme activity during in vitro procedures.
• Common buffering systems include phosphate and Tris. Phosphate buffers are components of intracellular/extracellular regulation; Tris is synthetic and provides convenient buffering in the neutral range but can interact weakly with some biological molecules and metal ions.
• Ionic strength modulates electrostatic interactions among proteins, nucleic acids, and surfaces, impacting binding specificity and background in assays.

Use implications

• As a neutral pH buffer, it is suitable as a physiological diluent and wash solution backbone. The exact compatibility with enzymes, chelators, or metal ions depends on the specific buffering species and additives, which are not specified for this item.

Reminder

• This material is for research use only and has no assigned biological function in vivo; it serves solely as an experimental medium.

Buffer Applications

Designed as a 10× concentrate at pH 7.4, this product is intended to be diluted to a 1× working solution for general laboratory buffering.

Practical use (general)

• Preparation of 1×: Mix 1 part 10× concentrate with 9 parts ultrapure water. Invert gently to homogenize. Verify pH at working temperature (20–25°C). Minor adjustments (if allowed by your protocol) should be made with dilute acid/base to avoid ionic strength shifts.
• Typical roles: Sample and reagent dilution, wash steps in immunoassays/blotting, and incubation medium for proteins/antibodies where neutral pH is required.
• Additives: Detergents, blockers, or salts may be added to the 1× buffer as needed; ensure compatibility with your detection chemistry (e.g., HRP/TMB systems can be sensitive to certain preservatives and surfactants).

Quality checks (general)

• Measure conductivity or osmolality to monitor lot-to-lot consistency when critical.
• Use 0.2 µm filtration if sterility is required and the product is not supplied sterile.

Constraints

• Exact buffer composition, ionic strength, and presence of detergents/preservatives for this item are not specified. Validate performance in your assay before large-scale use.

Green Alternatives

This product is already water-based, non-volatile, and generally aligns with green chemistry preferences for benign media in laboratory workflows.

Perspective (general/literature)

• Water is considered a preferred solvent by many solvent selection guides due to low toxicity and environmental impact.
• Buffer concentrates reduce packaging and shipping mass/volume relative to premade 1× solutions, decreasing environmental footprint per liter of working buffer.

Alternatives and trade-offs (general)

• PBS vs TBS at pH 7.4: Both are water-based; selection depends on biochemical compatibility (e.g., phosphate can precipitate with Ca2+/Mg2+; Tris pH is temperature-sensitive). Environmental profiles are similar.
• Good’s buffers (e.g., HEPES, MOPS): Offer minimal biological reactivity and good buffering near neutrality; often more expensive and may have higher upstream synthesis footprints.

Good practices to enhance “greenness”

• Prepare only the volume required; store at 2–8°C to minimize waste from microbial spoilage.
• Use 10× concentrates to reduce shipping weight and packaging; prepare 1× on demand with high-purity water.
• Reuse containers where compatible and implement proper aqueous waste segregation; avoid unnecessary addition of hazardous biocides unless needed by your protocol.

Note: Specific buffer chemistry of this TD Solution is not specified for this item; select the matrix that best fits your assay while keeping sustainability in mind.

Pharmaceutical Uses

This product is labeled For research use only and is not intended for pharmaceutical manufacturing, clinical, or diagnostic applications.

General industry context (literature)

• Buffers at pH ~7.4 are commonly used as excipients in bioprocess development and formulation (e.g., protein therapeutics, vaccines), providing pH control and isotonicity when appropriately specified and qualified.
• Selection between phosphate-, Tris-, or Good’s buffer–based systems is driven by stability studies, compatibility with actives/excipients, and process requirements. Preservatives, surfactants (e.g., polysorbates), and salts are tuned for product integrity and delivery.

If contemplating translational use

• Formal pharmaceutical use requires sourcing materials with appropriate pharmacopeial grades (e.g., USP/EP), validated impurity controls (bioburden, endotoxin, particulates), and change-control documentation. These attributes are not specified for this item.

Recommendation

• For any work beyond basic research, consult regulatory guidance and use buffers that are explicitly qualified for GMP processes and meet relevant pharmacopeial monographs. Use this product for non-clinical laboratory research only.

Physical Properties

Item-specific physical data beyond pH and concentration are not disclosed.

• Concentration: 10× stock (item-specific)
• pH: 7.4 at 10× (item-specific; nominal)
• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Density: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. (Typical aqueous buffers are ~1.00–1.06 g/mL at 20–25°C; literature, varies with salts.)
• Osmolality/ionic strength: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Conductivity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Refractive index: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Solubility: Fully miscible with water (general property of aqueous concentrates; literature).
• Boiling/Freezing points: Governed by water and solute content; not specified for this item. (Water: 100°C bp, 0°C fp; literature; salts elevate bp and depress fp.)
• Vapor pressure: Water-like; not specified for this item.

Practical notes (general/literature)

• Dilution to 1× is typically 1:10 with ultrapure water to achieve working strength and pH ≈ 7.4 (verify after dilution).
• pH of 1× may shift slightly depending on water quality and temperature; check/adjust only if your application tolerates minor ionic/pH changes.

Quality & Grades

• Grade: BioReagent (item-specific)

What BioReagent grade generally implies (general guidance)

• Intended for research and life science workflows such as protein work, nucleic acids handling, and immunoassays, where consistent pH and low background are important.
• Typically manufactured with attention to raw material selection, cleanliness, and lot-to-lot consistency appropriate for laboratory biological applications. Specific impurity limits (e.g., bioburden, endotoxin, DNase/RNase/protease) are not provided here and should be consulted on the CoA if critical to your use.

Item-specific notes

• Buffer chemistry, stabilizers/preservatives, conductivity, and UV background are not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet for assay-critical parameters.

Selecting grade for application (general considerations)

• For nucleic acid–sensitive work, verify absence of nucleases by documentation or pre-test.
• For protein assays and immunoassays, review background absorbance/fluorescence and detergent/preservative content if your detection modality is UV/fluorescence- or enzyme-based.

Compliance reminder

• This product is labeled For research use only (item-specific) and is not intended for diagnostic or therapeutic applications.

Reaction & Applications

As a 10×, pH 7.4 aqueous buffer, this product is geared toward life-science workflows rather than synthetic organic reactions.

Typical laboratory applications (general)

• Sample dilution and equilibration to physiological pH prior to biochemical assays.
• Wash steps in immunoassays and blotting workflows to remove unbound reagents while maintaining protein integrity.
• Incubation medium for antibodies/enzymes where neutral pH and defined ionic strength are desired.
• Matrix for additives, such as surfactants (e.g., Tween-type), blocking proteins, or salts to tune stringency and reduce nonspecific interactions.

Practical considerations

• Dilute 1:10 with ultrapure water to prepare 1× working strength; verify pH after dilution.
• If using with metal-dependent enzymes or chelating steps, confirm whether the buffer system interacts with divalent cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Ni2+). Phosphate buffers can precipitate with certain metals; Tris can weakly complex some ions (literature, general).
• Temperature impacts pH and Tris-based buffering capacity (≈ −0.028 pH units/°C; literature). Equilibrate to working temperature before critical steps.
• For surface-binding assays (e.g., ELISA plates), ionic strength and any detergent level influence binding and background; optimize empirically.

Note: The presence/absence of detergents, preservatives, or specific salts in this TD Solution is not specified for this item.

Reaction Conditions

Typical conditions for workflows using neutral pH buffers (general/literature; verify for your system):

• Working strength: Prepare 1× from the 10× stock using ultrapure water (1:10). Equilibrate to the operating temperature before use.
• Temperature: Ambient (20–25°C) for most incubations; cold-room conditions (2–8°C) to limit proteolysis or preserve labile components; 37°C for certain enzyme reactions when supported by stability data.
• Additives: Optional inclusion of 0.01–0.1% nonionic surfactant, 0.1–0.5 M salts, or blocking proteins depending on application. Confirm that your detection modality tolerates these additives.
• Time: Wash/incubation steps typically range from 5–60 minutes (washes) to 1–24 hours (incubations), depending on assay stringency and target kinetics.
• pH control: Check pH after dilution; if adjustment is required, use dilute acid/base to minimize ionic strength changes.

Constraints and verification

• Metal ion compatibility and enzyme stability are system-dependent; run small pilot tests.
• If sterility is required, 0.2 µm filter and use aseptic technique.

Item-specific notes

• Apart from pH 7.4 and 10× designation, detailed composition is not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Safety & Handling

Hazard classification and statements are not provided in the product data.

• GHS classification / pictograms / signal word / H-Statements: Not specified for this item; consult the SDS for authoritative information.
• Likely hazards (general for laboratory buffers): May cause mild eye/skin irritation; avoid ingestion and inhalation of mists/aerosols. Some buffer systems or additives (e.g., detergents, preservatives) can increase irritation potential.
• Personal protective equipment: Lab coat, safety glasses/goggles, and appropriate chemical-resistant gloves. Use in a clean area to prevent contamination.
• Handling: Avoid microbial contamination; dispense aliquots aseptically when needed. Do not mix with incompatible chemicals (strong acids/bases, oxidizers, aldehyde fixatives) unless application requires and compatibility is verified.
• Storage conditions: Store at 2–8°C (item-specific). Keep container tightly closed. Do not freeze unless the CoA/SDS indicates freeze–thaw stability.
• Incompatibilities (general): Strong acids/bases (pH drift), heavy metal salts (precipitation), anhydrides and acid chlorides (hydrolysis), and disinfectants such as bleach in concentrated form (chlorination of organics).
• First aid (general): Rinse eyes/skin with water for several minutes if contact occurs; remove contaminated clothing. If ingested, rinse mouth and seek medical attention. If inhaled (aerosols), move to fresh air. Always follow the SDS.

Solvent Selection

This product is an aqueous buffer; solvent choice is generally straightforward.

• Polarity: Highly polar (water-based); ideal for hydrophilic biomolecules and surfaces.
• Miscibility: Miscible with water. Limited miscibility with water-miscible organics (e.g., methanol, ethanol) if your protocol requires cosolvents; verify effects on protein/enzyme stability.
• Dielectric constant: Dominated by water (ε ≈ 78 at 25°C; literature). Additives/salts alter effective polarity and ionic strength.
• Use scenarios (general):
  • As a working buffer after 1:10 dilution to 1× for sample dilution, washing, and incubation in biochemical assays.
  • As a baseline matrix for adding surfactants, salts, or blockers when your application requires specific wetting or stringency.

Comparison (general/literature)

• pH 7.4 buffers are close to physiological conditions. Alternatives include:
  • PBS (pH ~7.4): phosphate-based; strong buffering near neutral; may inhibit some enzymatic reactions requiring divalent cations if phosphate chelates/precipitates.
  • TBS (pH ~7.4): Tris-based with saline; reduced risk of phosphate precipitation with calcium/magnesium systems; Tris is temperature-dependent in pKa.

Selection tips

• Choose based on compatibility with enzymes/antibodies, metal ions, and downstream detection. Confirm with small-scale tests if matrix effects are unknown.

Storage & Reconstitution

• Storage (item-specific): Store at 2–8°C. Keep tightly capped to minimize CO2 uptake and microbial contamination.
• Shipping (item-specific): Shipped on wet ice.
• Freeze–thaw: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. As a general rule, avoid freezing buffers with salts/detergents unless validated.
• Reconstitution/Dilution: This product is a 10× concentrate. Prepare 1× by mixing 1 volume of 10× stock with 9 volumes of ultrapure water. Mix gently to avoid foaming (especially if detergents are present). Verify pH at the working temperature.
• Sterility: Sterility is not specified. If aseptic conditions are required, 0.2 µm filter the 1× buffer into sterile containers.
• Aliquoting: To prevent contamination, consider aliquoting upon first opening. Use clean, dedicated pipettes/reservoirs.
• Shelf life after opening: Not specified for this item; monitor for turbidity, precipitates, or pH drift as indicators of degradation or contamination.

Always refer to the CoA and SDS for lot-specific details and stability information.

Structure & Identity

This product is an aqueous laboratory buffer concentrate supplied as a 10× solution adjusted to pH 7.4. It is a formulated mixture rather than a single-chemical entity.

• Product type: Buffered aqueous solution, 10× concentrate, pH 7.4 (mixture)
• CAS: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular formula: Not applicable to mixtures; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet if needed.
• Molecular weight: Not applicable to mixtures; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• SMILES / InChI / InChIKey: Not applicable for formulated mixtures.
• Structural features (descriptive): An aqueous buffer matrix containing one or more buffering components and salts/additives adjusted to a near-physiological pH of 7.4. As a solution, it lacks a discrete 2D molecular structure; functionality derives from its buffer components and ionic strength.

Notes

• Identity for compliance and analytical purposes should be taken from the lot-specific CoA/SDS, which will list any defined components and their ranges if disclosed.
• The designation “TD Solution” is a product/name identifier; the exact buffer chemistry (e.g., Tris-, phosphate-, or other system; presence/absence of detergent) is not specified for this item here.

Synthetic Utility

While not a reagent for organic synthesis, a pH 7.4 buffer can be a useful aqueous reaction medium in biochemical and bioconjugation contexts.

General utilities (literature)

• Bioconjugation: Near-neutral buffers are often used for protein labeling. For example, NHS-ester coupling to primary amines typically proceeds best at pH 7.2–8.5; carbonate buffers increase rate but may raise background, whereas neutral buffers minimize protein perturbation.
• Enzymatic reactions: Many enzymes exhibit activity around neutral pH; buffer selection impacts turnover via ionic strength and cofactor availability.
• Metal-mediated labeling: Care with phosphate buffers when using metal ions that can precipitate as phosphates; Tris can weakly coordinate metals and may inhibit some metal-catalyzed steps.

Operational notes

• Degassing is rarely necessary, but filtration (0.2 µm) can reduce particulate background in sensitive assays.
• Maintain temperature control; Tris-based buffers have temperature-dependent pH shifts (≈ −0.028 pH/°C; literature).

Item caveat

• The exact buffering species/additives in this TD Solution are not specified; confirm compatibility with your labeling chemistry or enzyme system before committing to scale.

Target Specificity

Not applicable. This product is a buffer solution and not a biological targeting reagent (e.g., antibody, ligand, or inhibitor).

• Antigen/epitope, species reactivity, clone, and isotype: Not applicable.
• Any target-binding characteristics would arise only after you add specific biomolecules to this buffer.