Zinc sulfate solution - 0.3 N in H2O , CAS No.7733-02-0

CAS: 7733-02-0 Cat. No.: Z433897 Formula: ZnSO₄ Molecular Weight: 161.45 EC Number: 231-793-3 PubChem CID: 24424

GRADE & PURITY 0.3 N in H2O

Synonyms

J-010404 | Sulfato de zinco | Zinc (as sulfate) | Zinc sulfate, anhydrous | zinc(II) sulfate | Optraex | Zinc sulfate, unspecified hydrate | DTXCID0020315 | EINECS 231-793-3 | Salvazinc | Sulfuric acid, zinc salt | EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 089001 | Med

Storage

Room temperature

Overview

Application

Used in conjunction with barium hydroxide to deproteinize via barium sulfate precipitation whole blood, plasma, or serum samples which are colored or turbid. The resulting supernatant or filtrate is then available for subsequent analysis of glucose by Somogi-Nelson method.

Specifications

Synonyms

J-010404 | Sulfato de zinco | Zinc (as sulfate) | Zinc sulfate, anhydrous | zinc(II) sulfate | Optraex | Zinc sulfate, unspecified hydrate | DTXCID0020315 | EINECS 231-793-3 | Salvazinc | Sulfuric acid, zinc salt | EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 089001 | Med

Specifications & Purity

0.3 N in H2O

Storage

Room temperature

Names and Identifiers

Canonical Smiles

[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Zn+2]

IUPAC Name

zinc;sulfate

InChIKey

NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L

INCHI

1S/H2O4S.Zn/c1-5(2,3)4;/h(H2,1,2,3,4);/q;+2/p-2

Isomeric SMILES

[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Zn+2]

PubChem CID

24424

UN Number

3077

Packing Group

III

Molecular Weight

161.45

Taxonomic Classification

Taxonomy Tree

• Kingdom Inorganic compounds
  • Superclass Mixed metal/non-metal compounds
    • Class Transition metal oxoanionic compounds
      • Subclass Transition metal sulfates

• Kingdom: Inorganic compounds
• Superclass: Mixed metal/non-metal compounds
• Class: Transition metal oxoanionic compounds
• Subclass: Transition metal sulfates
• Intermediate Tree Nodes: Not available
• Direct Parent: Transition metal sulfates
• Alternative Parents: Inorganic salts Inorganic oxides
• Molecular Framework: Not available
• Substituents: Transition metal sulfate - Inorganic oxide - Inorganic salt
• Description: This compound belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as transition metal sulfates. These are inorganic compounds in which the largest oxoanion is sulfate, and in which the heaviest atom not in an oxoanion is a transition metal.
• External Descriptors: zinc molecular entity - metal sulfate

Data sources

1. Djoumbou Feunang Y, Eisner R, Knox C, Chepelev L, Hastings J, Owen G, Fahy E, Steinbeck C, Subramanian S, Bolton E, Greiner R, and Wishart DS. ClassyFire: Automated Chemical Classification With A Comprehensive, Computable Taxonomy. Journal of Cheminformatics, 2016, 8:61.

DOI: 10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y

Associated Targets(Human)

SLC15A1 Tchem Oligopeptide transporter small intestine isoform (922 Activities)

Discover Target: SLC15A1

Activity Type	Relation	Activity value	Units	Action Type	Journal	PubMed Id	doi	Assay Aladdin ID

Associated Targets(non-human)

Slc15a2 Oligopeptide transporter, kidney isoform (114 Activities)

Discover Target: Slc15a2

Activity Type	Relation	Activity value	Units	Action Type	Journal	PubMed Id	doi	Assay Aladdin ID

Mechanisms of Action

Chemical and Physical Properties

• Molecular Weight: 161.400 g/mol
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
• Rotatable Bond Count: 0
• Exact Mass: 159.881 Da
• Monoisotopic Mass: 159.881 Da
• Topological Polar Surface Area: 88.600 Ų
• Heavy Atom Count: 6
• Formal Charge: 0
• Complexity: 62.200
• Isotope Atom Count: 0
• Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
• Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
• Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
• Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
• The total count of all stereochemical bonds: 0
• Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2

XLogP3

Application Protocols

No assay-validated protocols are provided for this item. Typical laboratory uses are method- and concentration-dependent.

• General guidance
  • For preparation of working standards: Gravimetrically dilute with high-purity water; use class A volumetrics; record temperature and density if high accuracy is required.
  • For electrochemistry: Prepare electrolyte under CO2-minimized conditions if pH drift is critical; filter (0.2 µm) to remove particulates.
  • For precipitation reactions: Adjust pH first, then add ZnSO4 slowly with stirring to avoid local supersaturation and inhomogeneous precipitate.

For any application, consult the CoA/SDS for lot-specific concentration and safety details.

Biological Roles

General information about zinc and sulfate in biology (for research context only; no medical/clinical claims):

• Zinc (Zn2+)

  • Essential trace element; structural and catalytic cofactor in numerous enzymes (e.g., zinc fingers, metalloproteases, dehydrogenases). Participates in transcriptional regulation via Zn-finger proteins.
  • Does not undergo redox cycling in vivo (stable d10), making it a structural stabilizer in proteins and enzyme active sites.
  • Cellular handling involves transporters (ZIP, ZnT families) and metallothioneins that buffer labile Zn2+ pools.

• Sulfate (SO4 2−)

  • Major inorganic anion in biological fluids; participates in sulfation reactions after activation to PAPS (3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate) for detoxification and biosynthesis of sulfated biomolecules.

• Experimental considerations (lab use)

  • Zn2+ binds strongly to histidyl/cysteinyl sites; exogenous zinc can inhibit metalloenzymes or alter protein conformation—control for free Zn2+ with buffers/chelators (e.g., EDTA, not if Zn2+ activity is desired).
  • In cell-free systems, adjust ionic strength and pH; Zn2+ hydrolysis increases at higher pH leading to precipitation and reduced bioavailability.
  • For spectroscopy/enzymology, specify total zinc, estimated free Zn2+, and buffering components to ensure reproducibility.

Buffer Applications

Zinc sulfate is not a buffering agent and does not establish a defined pH buffering range. However, practical notes may help when incorporating it into buffered systems:

• Not typically applicable as a primary buffer. Use established buffers (e.g., acetate pH 4–5.5, HEPES pH 6.8–8.2, phosphate pH 6–8) and add ZnSO4 to achieve a target free Zn2+ activity.
• Be aware of precipitation risks with phosphate, carbonate, borate, or high pH; zinc phosphates and hydroxides are sparingly soluble.
• Control chelation: Many Good’s buffers and additives (e.g., Tris, citrate) can complex Zn2+ and reduce free metal concentration; use metal-buffering models (e.g., MINEQL, Visual MINTEQ) to predict speciation.
• Filter solutions after mixing if haze forms; adjust pH before final zinc addition to minimize hydrolysis artifacts.

Green Alternatives

Zinc sulfate solutions are water-based and free of volatile organic solvents, aligning with several green chemistry principles. Consider the following when evaluating alternatives:

• Environmental profile (general)

  • Advantages: Aqueous medium; sulfate is non-volatile and non-flammable; low worker exposure to organics.
  • Cautions: Zinc is hazardous to aquatic life; minimize releases and ensure appropriate waste treatment.

• Alternative zinc sources (trade-offs)

  • Zinc acetate (aqueous): More biodegradable counterion (acetate), but introduces organics and can complex substrates, altering reaction selectivity.
  • Zinc chloride: Typically more acidic/corrosive and introduces chloride waste; avoid if halides are undesirable.
  • Zinc nitrate: Oxidizing anion; additional safety and waste considerations.

• Process choices for greener use

  • Use only the minimal zinc concentration required; recycle or recover zinc from process liquors via precipitation (e.g., Zn(OH)2 then reuse as Zn salts).
  • Employ closed-loop rinse systems to prevent aquatic release.

Small comparison (general)

• ZnSO4(aq): Aqueous, non-flammable; aquatic toxicity concern; sulfate waste manageable.
• Zn(OAc)2(aq): Aqueous, mild odor; organic load and potential complexation.
• ZnCl2(aq): Aqueous, corrosive; chloride corrosion/waste issues. Select based on downstream compatibility, corrosion, and waste treatment infrastructure.

Pharmaceutical Uses

No therapeutic or clinical claims are made. The following are research/formulation-oriented notes only.

• Roles in pharmaceutical R&D/manufacturing (general)

  • Reagent-grade ZnSO4 solutions can serve as process aids (e.g., salt metathesis to form zinc carboxylates/phosphates), pH/ionic strength adjusters in development studies, or as reference standards in analytical methods.
  • In excipient screening, divalent cations may modulate protein aggregation or stability; Zn2+ can induce oligomerization/precipitation in certain biologics—use only in early research screens with appropriate controls.

• Regulatory status

  • Pharmacopeial monographs exist for zinc sulfate salts (e.g., USP/Ph. Eur. for anhydrous/monohydrate/heptahydrate); applicability to a specific solution depends on its concentration, purity, and manufacturing controls. For this item, any pharmacopeial grade is Not specified; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• Practical considerations

  • Verify bioburden/endotoxin and particulates if considering contact with biological drug substances (research only, non-GMP unless specified).
  • Avoid chloride-sensitive processes with zinc chloride; zinc sulfate offers a halide-free alternative.

Physical Properties

Item-specific physicochemical specifications (concentration, density, pH, conductivity, impurities) are not provided for this catalog entry.

• Item-specific values

  • Concentration: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • pH (as supplied): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Density (solution): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Refractive index (solution): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Solubility: Completely miscible with water (qualitative; solution form). Quantitative solubility limit not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• Literature values (for reference; not item specifications)

  • Zinc sulfate (anhydrous) MW = 161.47 g/mol; heptahydrate MW = 287.54 g/mol (literature).
  • Solubility of ZnSO4·7H2O in water: ~1,000 g/L at 20 °C; solubility increases with temperature (literature, approximate; varies by hydrate and ionic strength).
  • Hydrolysis: Aqueous Zn2+ solutions are typically mildly acidic (pH ~4–5 at moderate concentrations) due to metal-aqua hydrolysis (literature trend).

• Practical notes (general)

  • Viscosity and density rise with concentration; conductivity is high at moderate-to-high concentrations.
  • Sulfate can form weak ion pairs in highly concentrated solutions; activity coefficients deviate from ideality (consider ionic strength corrections in speciation/complexation modeling).

Quality & Grades

• Item-specific grade/purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• Interpreting possible grades (general guidance)

  • ACS/AR grade solutions meet defined assay and impurity limits suitable for analytical work.
  • Reagent grade solutions are appropriate for most synthesis and routine lab use but may not meet low-trace specifications.
  • Trace-metal or ICP standards are prepared with high-purity salts/water and certified analyte concentrations for instrumental calibration.
  • Cell culture or molecular biology grades would include bioburden/endotoxin limits and filtration specifications.

• What to check on receipt (practical)

  • Labeled zinc concentration and uncertainty, solution pH, conductivity (if provided), lot-specific metals/non-volatile residue, and absence of turbidity/precipitate.
  • Stabilizers/anti-microbial agents: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• UV-Vis background and organics

  • If using for spectroscopy, confirm low organic/UV background where relevant. For electrochemistry, confirm chloride level (if critical) and counter-ion purity (sulfate speciation).

Reaction & Applications

Applications below are general for zinc sulfate solutions; concentration- and grade-specific suitability should be verified for your use case.

• Inorganic/analytical chemistry

  • Standard solution for zinc assays, titrations, and instrument calibration (e.g., ICP-OES/ICP-MS when prepared from high-purity stocks).
  • Precipitation/qualitative analysis: Zn2+ forms insoluble salts with sulfide, carbonate, hydroxide—useful in separations or confirmatory tests.

• Catalysis and synthesis (literature/general)

  • Lewis-acid catalysis: ZnSO4·xH2O reported as a mild, water-compatible Lewis acid for acetal/ketal hydrolysis and certain dehydration or protection/deprotection steps under aqueous/solvent-free conditions.
  • Phase and media effects: In carbohydrate chemistry, sulfate electrolytes influence mutarotation equilibria and glycosidic cleavage rates; ionic strength effects can be tuned with ZnSO4.
  • Salt metathesis: Source of Zn2+ for generating other zinc salts (e.g., with carboxylates, phosphates) under controlled pH.

• Materials/electrochemistry

  • Electrolyte component for zinc electrodeposition and zinc-based batteries; sulfate minimizes halide corrosion and is compatible with many anodes/cathodes.

• Biochemistry workflows (non-clinical)

  • Protein capture/precipitation screens: Divalent salts, including ZnSO4, modulate protein solubility and nucleic acid co-precipitation; optimize empirically with pH control.

Practical tips

• Avoid mixing with bases/carbonates unless precipitation is intended.
• For catalysis, report hydrate/solution concentration and pH to ensure reproducibility.
• Degassing is generally unnecessary; however, CO2 absorption can slowly shift pH and induce basic carbonate precipitation if strong bases are present.

Reaction Conditions

Representative conditions from the literature for zinc sulfate as a promoter or reagent (for guidance only; not item specifications):

• Acetal/ketal hydrolysis (literature)

  • Catalyst: ZnSO4·xH2O (typically 5–20 mol% relative to substrate) in water or aqueous alcohol.
  • Temperature: Ambient to 60 °C; reaction time 1–12 h depending on substrate protection pattern and sterics.
  • Notes: Maintain mildly acidic pH; avoid strong bases. Workup by extraction; remove zinc by aqueous wash or chelation.

• Salt metathesis to zinc carboxylates/phosphates (general)

  • Combine stoichiometric ZnSO4(aq) with sodium/potassium carboxylate/phosphate at pH 5–6 (carboxylate) or controlled pH for phosphate to prevent Zn(OH)2.
  • Temperature: Ambient; time: minutes to hours until precipitation/complexation completes.
  • Isolation: Filter precipitated zinc salt; wash with cold water; dry under vacuum.

• Electrodeposition electrolyte makeup (general)

  • ZnSO4 concentration: 0.1–1.0 M typical; additives (e.g., boric acid, brighteners) per bath design.
  • Temperature: 20–40 °C; agitation to maintain mass transport.
  • pH: ~3–5; maintain with dilute acid to prevent hydroxide formation.

Always verify compatibility of counter-ions and buffers; use high-purity water. Report lot and concentration for reproducibility.

Safety & Handling

Follow institutional chemical hygiene plans and the product SDS for authoritative guidance. Item-specific hazard classifications are not provided in the Product Data; the following notes summarize common properties of zinc sulfate solutions.

• GHS information (literature, for zinc sulfate salts; not item-specific)

  • May cause serious eye irritation; harmful if swallowed; very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects. Common pictograms: GHS07 (exclamation), GHS09 (environment). Exact classification depends on concentration; consult SDS for this item.

• Personal protective equipment

  • Wear lab coat, safety glasses or chemical splash goggles, and appropriate chemical-resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile). Use in a well-ventilated area; avoid aerosol generation.

• Handling and hygiene

  • Avoid contact with eyes/skin and ingestion. Do not discharge to drains; collect spills to prevent aquatic release. Wash thoroughly after handling.

• Incompatibilities (general)

  • Strong bases (precipitates Zn(OH)2), strong reducing agents (may generate zinc metal under some conditions), sulfide sources (forms ZnS precipitate), carbonates (ZnCO3 precipitation), and chelators (e.g., EDTA) that can strip Zn2+.

• First-aid overview (general)

  • Eye/skin contact: Rinse with water for at least 15 minutes; remove contaminated clothing. Inhalation of mists: move to fresh air. Ingestion: rinse mouth; seek medical attention. Always follow the SDS.

• Environmental note

  • Zinc salts are hazardous to aquatic organisms; prevent release to the environment. Collect and dispose according to local regulations.

Solvent Selection

This product is an aqueous zinc sulfate solution; solvent selection is typically not applicable unless you are diluting or formulating.

• Polarity and miscibility (general)

  • Water is the native solvent; fully miscible with water. Miscibility with common organics is limited by the salt; addition of alcohols (MeOH, EtOH) may reduce solubility and can induce salting-out or precipitation at higher organic content.

• When to choose aqueous ZnSO4 vs alternatives

  • Choose ZnSO4(aq) when you need a controlled source of Zn2+ and sulfate with minimal organic content (e.g., electrolyte makeup, analytical standards, protein precipitation screens, ion-exchange calibration).
  • If chloride interference is a concern (e.g., Ag+, Hg2+ systems), sulfate is a non-coordinating alternative to chloride or nitrate in many cases.

• Comparison (general)

  • Zinc chloride: more acidic and more coordinating; hygroscopic; can be more corrosive—use when chloride complexation is desired.
  • Zinc nitrate: oxidizing anion; avoid with reducing substrates.
  • Zinc acetate: more buffering/complexing tendency; acetate introduces organic content and can shift pH.

• Practical tips

  • Use high-purity water for dilutions to avoid precipitation with carbonates/phosphates. Filter through 0.2 µm if particulate forms. Adjust pH cautiously; base addition will precipitate zinc hydroxides/carbonates.

Storage & Reconstitution

• Storage conditions (from Product Data)

  • Store at room temperature. Protect from contamination and evaporation. Keep container tightly closed.

• Shipping

  • Shipped in: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• Stability (general guidance)

  • Aqueous ZnSO4 solutions are typically stable at ambient temperature. Over time, evaporation may increase concentration; CO2 ingress does not usually cause issues unless mixed with bases.
  • Precipitation can occur if contaminated with carbonate/phosphate or upon pH increase; warming and gentle mixing may redissolve if within solubility limits.

• Reconstitution

  • Not applicable; product is supplied as a solution. For dilutions, use freshly prepared, high-purity water. Record final concentration and pH.

• Freeze–thaw

  • Generally unnecessary; avoid freezing unless validated, as crystallization may cause stratification or container stress.

• Shelf-life

  • Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• Container compatibility

  • Store in compatible plastics (e.g., HDPE, PP) or glass. Avoid contact with reactive metals. Label with concentration, lot, and preparation/expiry dates if aliquoted.

Structure & Identity

Aqueous solution of an inorganic zinc salt, typically containing Zn2+ and sulfate (SO4 2−); exact concentration and hydration state of the starting salt are not provided for this catalog item.

• Item-specific identifiers (from Product Data)

  • SKU: Z433897
  • Product name: Zinc sulfate solution
  • CAS: 7733-02-0 (zinc sulfate; commonly used for anhydrous or hydrates in general indexing)
  • CID: 24424 (zinc sulfate, literature reference)
  • InChIKey: 249806 (as provided)
  • SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• Structural features (general chemistry knowledge)

  • Composed of divalent zinc cations (Zn2+) and tetrahedral sulfate anions (SO4 2−) in water.
  • In solution, Zn2+ is typically aqua-coordinated (e.g., [Zn(H2O)6]2+) with ligand exchange dynamics; sulfate exists as a fully dissociated anion under most conditions, with possible weak ion pairing at higher ionic strengths.
  • Solid zinc sulfate exists in multiple hydrates (e.g., monohydrate, heptahydrate), but the solution identity depends on concentration and pH rather than a fixed hydrate.

• 2D description in words (general)

  • A central Zn2+ ion solvated by water molecules; separate sulfate anion consisting of a central S(VI) atom double-bonded to four oxygen atoms (tetrahedral), two (or more) of which may be hydrogen-bonded to water.

Synthetic Utility

Zinc sulfate solution is a convenient, water-based source of Zn2+ and sulfate for inorganic transformations and as a mild Lewis acid in certain aqueous-compatible organic reactions.

• Functional roles (general/literature)

  • Lewis acid promoter for hydrolysis of acetals/ketals and dehydration-type transformations under aqueous or solvent-free conditions using hydrated ZnSO4.
  • Salt metathesis: Prepares zinc salts of carboxylates, phosphates, and other anions by mixing with corresponding sodium/potassium salts at controlled pH, with sulfate displaced as a spectator anion.
  • Electrochemistry: Supplies Zn2+ for deposition and zinc-mediated redox systems; sulfate minimizes halide-driven corrosion.

• Retrosynthetic value

  • As an inexpensive Zn2+ source, enables formation of zinc-containing catalysts or materials (e.g., Zn-based MOFs with additional ligands under solvothermal conditions; sulfate typically replaced in situ).

• Workup utility

  • In some protocols, ZnSO4 is used to scavenge anionic species or to adjust ionic strength, aiding phase separation or protein/nucleic acid precipitation in bio-organic separations.

Notes

• For organic transformations, define concentration, pH, and temperature precisely; speciation of Zn2+ changes with conditions.
• Precipitation of Zn(OH)2 above pH ~7–8 can terminate Lewis-acid activity; maintain mildly acidic conditions for catalysis.

Target Specificity

Not applicable. This product is an inorganic salt solution and is not an antibody, enzyme, or affinity reagent. No target/epitope/isotype information applies.