Dibutyryl-Cyclic GMP (Sodium Salt): Lab Use Guidelines
Step-by-step guidelines for preparing, storing, and applying Dibutyryl-Cyclic GMP sodium salt in cGMP signaling research assays.
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Laboratory Protocols & SOPs Library
3,200+ step-by-step lab protocols and SOPs for cell culture, staining, PCR, protein work and microbiology, with reagents, conditions and evaluation criteria.
3228 articles
H3TATB MOF Synthesis Protocol: Step-by-Step Guide
Step-by-step protocol for synthesizing MOFs using H3TATB (2,4,6-Tris(4-carboxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine) linker, including solvent, temperature, and purification guidance.
β-Propiolactone (BPL) Viral Inactivation — Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)
β-Propiolactone (BPL) Viral Inactivation — Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)
Standard Operating Procedure for Adipogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Evaluation by Oil Red O Staining
This procedure is intended to establish an in vitro adipogenic induction and Oil Red O staining evaluation workflow for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). It is applicable to adipogenic differentiation studies using MSCs derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord, and other sources.
Experimental purification of λ phage particles by precipitation/centrifugation
If the purpose of purification of the phage pellet is to obtain outgrown DNA fragments for subsequent subcloning or to prepare phage two-arms, centrifugation ca
Standard Operating Procedure for Chondrogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Evaluation by Alcian Blue Staining
This procedure is intended to establish an in vitro chondrogenic pellet induction and Alcian Blue staining evaluation workflow for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). It is applicable to chondrogenic differentiation studies using MSCs derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord, and ...
Experimental preparation of λ phage particles from large-scale lysates
λ phage prepared from mass cultures can be recovered from the lysate by polyethylene glycolysis (PEG) precipitation in the presence of high salt. The residual
Detection of α-, β- and γ-interferon-induced antiviral activity
The cells used in the assay are mouse L 929 fibroblasts, which have a high sensitivity to interferon and V S V . The cells should be derived from laboratories t
Standard Operating Procedure for Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Evaluation by ALP and Alizarin Red S Staining
This procedure is intended to establish an in vitro osteogenic induction and differentiation evaluation workflow for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). It is applicable to osteogenic differentiation studies using MSCs derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord, and other sources. The ...
Standard Operating Procedure for Frozen Tissue Section Preparation and Section Storage
This procedure is intended to standardize tissue pretreatment, fixation, sucrose cryoprotection, OCT embedding, rapid freezing, cryosectioning, section collection, frozen storage, and thawing procedures. It is applicable to immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, enzyme histochemistry, lipid ...
Helicobacter pylori May-Grünwald-Giemsa (MGG) Staining Protocol
This protocol is used to establish a routine procedure for Helicobacter pylori May-Grünwald-Giemsa (MGG) staining. It is suitable for the morphological visualization of Helicobacter pylori in paraffin-embedded gastric mucosal tissue sections and can be used for auxiliary observation and ...
Papanicolaou EA36 Cervical Cytology Staining Protocol
This protocol is used to establish the workflow for fixation, hydration, nuclear staining, cytoplasmic differential staining, dehydration, clearing, and mounting using the Papanicolaou EA36 system in cervical cytology specimens. Applicable samples include conventional cervical exfoliative cell ...
Protocol for Phosphoglucose Isomerase (PGI) Activity Assay
This protocol is used to determine phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) activity in cell or microbial extracts. It is applicable to enzyme activity assays using microbial pellets from fermentation broth, cell lysate supernatants, and other soluble protein samples.
β-Propiolactone (BPL) Viral Inactivation — Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)
β-Propiolactone (BPL) Viral Inactivation — Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)
Experimental purification of λ phage particles by precipitation/centrifugation
If the purpose of purification of the phage pellet is to obtain outgrown DNA fragments for subsequent subcloning or to prepare phage two-arms, centrifugation ca
Experimental preparation of λ phage particles from large-scale lysates
λ phage prepared from mass cultures can be recovered from the lysate by polyethylene glycolysis (PEG) precipitation in the presence of high salt. The residual
Experimental extraction of λ phage DNA from mass cultures using proteinase K and SDS
DNA can be well isolated from large-scale preparations of λ phage by digestion with an effective protease (e.g., proteinase K) and subsequent phenol:chloroform
Formaldehyde Gel Running Buffer
Formaldehyde Gel Running Buffer
Sodium Citrate Buffer
Sodium Citrate Buffer
SSPE 20X
SSPE 20X
Mallory Phosphotungstic Acid Hematoxylin Method for Staining Striated Muscle Cross-Striations, Fibrin, and Neuroglial Fibers: Experimental Protocol
This protocol is used to establish a routine staining procedure for the Mallory phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin method. It is suitable for displaying striated muscle cross-striations, fibrin, and neuroglial fibers in paraffin-embedded tissue sections. It can also assist in observing tissue ...
Puchtler Tannic Acid–Azophloxine Method for Muscle Fiber Staining
This protocol establishes a routine operating procedure for muscle fiber staining using the Puchtler tannic acid–azophloxine method. It is suitable for differentiating muscle fibers and collagen fibers in paraffin-embedded tissue sections. It can be used for morphological studies of smooth ...
Bennhold Congo Red Staining Protocol for Amyloid Substances
This protocol is intended to establish a routine staining workflow for the Bennhold Congo red method. It is applicable to the demonstration and morphological observation of amyloid substances in paraffin-embedded tissue sections and can be used for histopathological research, evaluation of ...
Protocol for Osteoblast Mineralization on β-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffolds and Quantitative Alizarin Red S Assay
This protocol is intended to establish a workflow for mineralization induction of primary osteoblasts on β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) discs and quantitative detection using Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining. It is applicable to the in vitro evaluation of mineralization capacity in bone ...
Operating Procedure for p16/Ki-67 Immunocytochemical Dual Staining in Cervical Cytology
This procedure is intended to establish a routine workflow for p16/Ki-67 immunocytochemical dual staining in cervical cytology. It is applicable to the detection of cells with cell-cycle dysregulation in liquid-based cytology samples and can be used as a supplementary method for cervical ...
Bacterial Capsule Negative Staining Protocol
This protocol establishes a routine operating procedure for bacterial capsule negative staining. It is suitable for morphological observation and preliminary identification of encapsulated bacteria, and can be used in routine microbiology laboratory testing, teaching demonstrations, and strain ...
Phosphotungstic Acid Negative Staining Method for TEM Sample Preparation
This protocol establishes a routine operating procedure for the phosphotungstic acid negative staining method. It is suitable for negative staining observation of viruses, bacteriophages, exosomes, liposomes, protein complexes, ribosomes, nucleic acid-protein complexes, bacterial flagella/pili, ...
Protocol for G418 Selection of CRISPR/Cas9-Edited Cells
This protocol is used to establish a routine workflow for G418 selection, single-clone isolation, clonal expansion, and stable cell line maintenance after CRISPR/Cas9 editing of mammalian cells. It is applicable to CRISPR/Cas9 vectors or co-transfection systems carrying the neomycin resistance ...
TiO₂ Magnetic Bead-Based Protocol for Serum Exosome Extraction
This protocol establishes an exosome extraction workflow based on TiO₂ magnetic beads. It is suitable for rapid enrichment, washing, and elution of exosomes from serum samples. The method is applicable to downstream research experiments such as exosome morphology observation, particle size ...
Bone Tissue Decalcification Protocol: Rapid and Slow Methods
This protocol is intended to establish a routine decalcification workflow for mouse bone tissues. It is applicable to bone tissue pretreatment before paraffin sectioning and subsequent histological analysis. Depending on the downstream detection purpose, either the rapid decalcification method ...
Diethanolamine Assay Method for Enzymatic Determination of Alkaline Phosphatase: Experimental Protocol
This protocol is used to establish a standardized operating procedure for measuring alkaline phosphatase activity using a diethanolamine (DEA) buffer system. It is suitable for enzymatic determination of alkaline phosphatase products whose activities are calibrated using a diethanolamine assay ...
Muscle Fiber Staining (Puchtler Tannic Acid–Azo Phloxine Method)
This protocol is used to establish a routine operating procedure for muscle fiber staining by the Puchtler tannic acid–azo phloxine method. It is suitable for differential observation of muscle fibers and collagen fibers in paraffin-embedded tissue sections. It can be used for morphological ...
Thomas Phosphomolybdic Acid Hematoxylin Method for Staining Collagen Fibers, Coarse Reticular Fibers, and Argyrophilic Cell Granules: Experimental Protocol
Thomas Phosphomolybdic Acid Hematoxylin Method for Staining Collagen Fibers, Coarse Reticular Fibers, and Argyrophilic Cell Granules: Experimental Protocol
Experimental Protocol for the Russell Modified Movat Pentachrome Method for Comprehensive Visualization of Atherosclerotic Plaques and Connective Tissue Components
This protocol is used to establish a routine operating procedure for the Russell modified Movat pentachrome staining method. It is suitable for comprehensive color visualization of elastic fibers, collagen fibers, reticular fibers, proteoglycans, fibrinoid material, fibrin, and muscle tissue ...
Papanicolaou Staining Procedure
Papanicolaou Staining Procedure
Feulgen Staining Procedure
Feulgen Staining Procedure
Standard Operating Procedure for SYTO 9 and PI Combined Live/Dead Staining
This SOP is intended for the standardized application of SYTO 9 and PI combined live/dead staining in microbial viability evaluation. It is suitable for suspended bacterial samples such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and can also be extended to membrane integrity stratification ...
DRAQ5 and DRAQ7 Nuclear Dye Experimental Operating Procedure
This procedure is intended for the standardized use of the two far-red nuclear dyes DRAQ5 and DRAQ7. It is applicable to live-cell nuclear labeling, dead-cell identification, nuclear counterstaining of fixed samples, and immunofluorescence-associated detection on fluorescence microscopy, ...
FGF2-Induced Angiogenesis Model: Standard Operating Procedure (Protocol)
This protocol describes the establishment of angiogenesis models stimulated by fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2, also termed bFGF). The models are intended for assessing pro-angiogenic activity, screening inhibitors, dissecting FGFR downstream signaling, and interrogating matrix-dependent ...
Giemsa Staining Protocol: Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow Smears
Giemsa staining is a composite Romanowsky-type method based primarily on azure dyes and eosin. It is widely used for cytomorphologic evaluation of cells in peripheral blood and bone marrow smears and for microscopic detection of pathogens such as Plasmodium spp.
Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)
The electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), also known as the gel shift assay, is a classic in vitro technique used to detect DNA–protein or RNA–protein interactions under non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (native PAGE) conditions.
PAS Staining (Periodic Acid–Schiff, PAS) Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)
PAS Staining (Periodic Acid–Schiff, PAS) Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)
Masson’s Trichrome Stain (Masson’s Trichrome) Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)
Masson’s trichrome staining is used to differentiate and visualize the distribution and relative proportion of tissue components in paraffin-embedded tissue sections.
DNA Pull-Down Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)
DNA pull-down is an in vitro method for detecting and enriching DNA–protein interactions.
RNA Pull-Down Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)
RNA pull-down is performed by incubating biotin-labeled bait RNA with a protein lysate to form RNA–protein complexes. The complexes are then enriched using the biotin–streptavidin system on streptavidin magnetic beads or streptavidin agarose. After multi-step washing to remove nonspecific ...