Nigericin sodium salt - ≥98% , CAS No.28643-80-3

CAS: 28643-80-3 Cat. No.: N102401 분자식: C₄₀H₆₇NaO₁₁ 분자량: 746.94 Beilstein Registry Number: 3892398 EC 번호: 608-231-4 PubChem CID: 16760591

GRADE & PURITY ≥98%

Synonyms

NIGERICIN, MONOSODIUM SALT | Q27276393 | NIGERICIN SODIUM SALT [MI] | Nigericin, sodium salt (1:1) | Nigericin (sodium salt) | Nigericin sodium salt | MLS001336038 | D82021 | Sodium;(2R)-2-[(3S,6R)-6-[[(2S,4R,5R,6R,7R,9R)-2-[(5S)-5-[(2R,3S,5R)-5-[(2S,3S,5

Storage

Store at -20°C,Argon charged

Shipped In

Ice chest + Ice pads

Specifications

동의어

NIGERICIN, MONOSODIUM SALT | Q27276393 | NIGERICIN SODIUM SALT [MI] | Nigericin, sodium salt (1:1) | Nigericin (sodium salt) | Nigericin sodium salt | MLS001336038 | D82021 | Sodium;(2R)-2-[(3S,6R)-6-[[(2S,4R,5R,6R,7R,9R)-2-[(5S)-5-[(2R,3S,5R)-5-[(2S,3S,5

사양 및 순도

≥98%

생화학 및 생리적 메커니즘

Ionophore which disrupts membrane potential and stimulates ATPase activity in mitochondria. Polyether ionophore which disrupts membrane potential and stimulates ATPase activity in mitochondria. Ion selectivity is K+> Rb+≥ Cs+>> Na+.K + ionophore; exchange

보관 조건

Store at -20°C,Argon charged

배송

Ice chest + Ice pads

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작업 유형

INHIBITOR

참고

Wherever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20°C. Generally, these will be useable for up to one month. Before use, and prior to opening the vial we recommend that you allow your product to equilibrate to room temperature for at least 1 hour. Toxic, refer to SDS for further information. Need more advice on solubility, usage and handling? Please visit our frequently asked questions (FAQ) page for more details.

순수함

≥98%

이름과 식별자

• Pubchem Sid: 504768536
• Pubchem Sid Url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/504768536
• 정식 스마일: CC1CCC(OC1C(C)C(=O)[O-])CC2CC(C(C3(O2)C(CC(O3)(C)C4CCC(O4)(C)C5C(CC(O5)C6C(CC(C(O6)(CO)O)C)C)C)C)C)OC.[Na+]
• IUPAC Name: sodium;(2R)-2-[(2R,3S,6R)-6-[[(2S,4R,5R,6R,7R,9R)-2-[(2R,5S)-5-[(2R,3S,5R)-5-[(2S,3S,5R,6R)-6-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-yl]-3-methyloxolan-2-yl]-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]-7-methoxy-2,4,6-trimethyl-1,10-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-9-yl]methyl]-3-methyloxan-2-yl]propanoate
• InChIKey: MOYOTUKECQMGHE-PDEFJWSRSA-M
• INCHI: 1S/C40H68O11.Na/c1-21-11-12-28(46-33(21)26(6)36(42)43)17-29-18-30(45-10)27(7)40(48-29)25(5)19-38(9,51-40)32-13-14-37(8,49-32)35-23(3)16-31(47-35)34-22(2)15-24(4)39(44,20-41)50-34;/h21-35,41,44H,11-20H2,1-10H3,(H,42,43);/q;+1/p-1/t21-,22-,23-,24+,25+,26+,27+,28+,29+,30+,31+,32+,33+,34-,35+,37-,38-,39-,40+;/m0./s1
• 이성체 SMILES: C[C@H]1CC[C@@H](O[C@H]1[C@@H](C)C(=O)[O-])C[C@@H]2C[C@H]([C@H]([C@@]3(O2)[C@@H](C[C@@](O3)(C)[C@H]4CC[C@@](O4)(C)[C@H]5[C@H](C[C@@H](O5)[C@@H]6[C@H](C[C@H]([C@@](O6)(CO)O)C)C)C)C)C)OC.[Na+]
• WGK 독일: 3
• RTECS: QT6840000
• PubChem CID: 16760591
• UN 번호: 3462
• 분자량: 746.94
• Beilstein: 3892398

Taxonomic Classification

Taxonomy Tree

• Kingdom Organic compounds
  • Superclass Organic oxygen compounds
    • 분류 Organooxygen compounds
      • Subclass Ethers
        • Level5 Acetals
          • Level6 Ketals

• Kingdom: Organic compounds
• Superclass: Organic oxygen compounds
• 분류: Organooxygen compounds
• Subclass: Ethers
• Intermediate Tree Nodes: Acetals
• Direct Parent: Ketals
• Alternative Parents: Oxanes Oxolanes Hemiacetals Carboxylic acid salts Oxacyclic compounds Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives Dialkyl ethers Carboxylic acids Primary alcohols Organic zwitterions Organic sodium salts Organic oxides Hydrocarbon derivatives Carbonyl compounds
• Molecular Framework: Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compounds
• Substituents: Ketal - Oxane - Oxolane - Carboxylic acid salt - Hemiacetal - Carboxylic acid derivative - Carboxylic acid - Dialkyl ether - Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives - Oxacycle - Organic alkali metal salt - Organoheterocyclic compound - Alcohol - Hydrocarbon derivative - Organic oxide - Primary alcohol - Organic zwitterion - Organic salt - Carbonyl group - Organic sodium salt - Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compound
• 설명: This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as ketals. These are acetals derived from ketones by replacement of the oxo group by two hydrocarbyloxy groups R2C(OR)2 ( R not Hydrogen ). This term, once abandoned, has been reinstated as a subclass of acetals.
• External Descriptors: Not available

Data sources

1. Djoumbou Feunang Y, Eisner R, Knox C, Chepelev L, Hastings J, Owen G, Fahy E, Steinbeck C, Subramanian S, Bolton E, Greiner R, and Wishart DS. ClassyFire: Automated Chemical Classification With A Comprehensive, Computable Taxonomy. Journal of Cheminformatics, 2016, 8:61.

DOI: 10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y

관련 대상(인간)

ACHE Tclin Acetylcholinesterase (18204 Activities)

Discover Target: ACHE

Activity Type	Relation	Activity value	Units	Action Type	Journal	PubMed Id	doi	Assay Aladdin ID

작용 메커니즘

화학 및 물리적 특성

• 용해성: Soluble in chloroform, methanol or ethanol
• 감도: Moisture sensitive
• 분자량: 746.900 g/mol
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 11
• Rotatable Bond Count: 9
• Exact Mass: 746.458 Da
• Monoisotopic Mass: 746.458 Da
• Topological Polar Surface Area: 145.000 Ų
• Heavy Atom Count: 52
• Formal Charge: 0
• Complexity: 1240.000
• Isotope Atom Count: 0
• Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 19
• Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
• Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
• Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
• The total count of all stereochemical bonds: 0
• Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2

XLogP3

참고 문헌

1. Siyuan Li, Xianrong Yu, Linlin Zeng, Yuhan Xu, Xiaolan Zhao, Wei Tang, Xinrui Duan.  (2022)  A Sensitive Fluorescent Probe with Large Stokes Shift for Real-Time Tracking Lysosomal pH Changes in Live Cells.  ChemistrySelect,  7  (42): (e202202620).  [PMID:] [10.1002/slct.202202620]

2. Huangmei Zhou, Yu Zhao, Xihang Chen, Sanjun Zhang.  (2022)  Ultrafast spectroscopic studies of the pH responsive 9-acridinecarboxylic acid as a ratiometric and fluorescence lifetime pH indicator.  MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.microc.2022.107240]

3. Hongtian Chen, Piao Lv, Ziwei Liu, Wanjun Chen, Yuan Yao, Chixiang Liu, Qiong Cao, Huayou Zhou.  (2021)  Preliminary study on the function of TMEM50A and its correlation with the RH genes.  TRANSFUSION MEDICINE,  31  (4): (277-285).  [PMID:33899290] [10.1111/tme.12778]

4. Xu Shaomei, He Xu, Huang Yibing, Liu Xin, Zhao Lihe, Wang Xinghua, Sun Ying, Ma Pinyi, Song Daqian.  (2020)  Lysosome-targeted ratiometric fluorescent sensor for monitoring pH in living cells based on one-pot-synthesized carbon dots.  MICROCHIMICA ACTA,  187  (8): (1-9).  [PMID:32740872] [10.1007/s00604-020-04462-w]

5. Shengrui Zhang, Xiaohui Ji, Jin Liu, Qin Wang, Lingxia Jin.  (2019)  One-step synthesis of yellow-emissive carbon dots with a large Stokes shift and their application in fluorimetric imaging of intracellular pH.  SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY,      [PMID:31675656] [10.1016/j.saa.2019.117677]

6. Ji Zhang, Jing Xie, Zhiqiang Niu, Long You, Yanan Liu, Rui Guo, Guigui Yang, Ziliang He, Ting Shen, Honggang Wang, Qi Yan, Weicheng Hu.  (2025)  Ginsenoside Rg2, a principal effective ingredient of Panax ginseng, attenuates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis through NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.  Journal of Ginseng Research,      [PMID:40453354] [10.1016/j.jgr.2025.02.001]

7. Yiling Mei, Xudong Chen, Si Shi, Wante Lin, Zhenfeng Cheng, Xiaoxi Fan, Wenqi Wu, Jibo Han, Weijian Huang, Bozhi Ye, Shanshan Dai.  (2025)  GI-Y2, a novel gasdermin D inhibitor, attenuates sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction by inhibiting gasdermin D-mediated pyroptosis in macrophages.  BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY,      [PMID:40165368] [10.1111/bph.70040]

8. Tingwang Guo, Gang Chen, Lin Yang, Jia Deng, Yun Pan.  (2024)  Piezo1 inhibitor isoquercitrin rescues neural impairment mediated by NLRP3 after intracerebral hemorrhage.  EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY,      [PMID:38857751] [10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114852]

9. Chunmiao Wang, Zhaoquan Li, Honglan Zhai, Xiaoyan Shen, Fengming Li, Qiuping Zhang, Danrong Li, Huaxin Hou.  (2024)  Targeted blocking of EGFR and GLUT1 by compound H reveals a new strategy for treatment of triple-negative breast cancer and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.  EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES,      [PMID:38710335] [10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106789]

10. Shanshan Dai, Yucong Zhang, Ziyi Huang, Yunxuan Chen, Zexin Yang, Ruihan Zheng, Keke Ye, Lingfeng Zhong, Xiangtao Zheng, Xueli Cai, Weijian Huang.  (2025)  Cardiomyocyte USP20 alleviates septic cardiomyopathy by deubiquitinating and inhibiting NLRP3 activity.  Clinical and Translational Medicine,  15  (10): (e70494).  [PMID:41042219] [10.1002/ctm2.70494]

11. Hanwen Zhang, Tanxin Yu, Nanfang Zhuo, Zongxin Zhu, Shihan Lin, Shiying Zhao, Huilin Yu, Youli Zhang, Aimin Wu, Jiangning Wang, Yifei Zhou, Xiaolei Zhang.  (2025)  High-throughput screening identifies FDA approved drug mitiglinide as a novel pyroptosis inhibitor and therapeutic agent for osteoarthritis.  Journal of Advanced Research,      [PMID:41386507] [10.1016/j.jare.2025.12.004]

Application Protocols

The following are literature-based example protocols to guide experimental setup. Adjust to your cell type, instrumentation, and endpoints.

1. Intracellular pH (pHi) Calibration with Nigericin (high-K+ method)

• Prepare a series of high-K+ buffers (e.g., 140 mM KCl, 1 mM MgCl2, 10 mM HEPES or MES) set to pH 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0.
• Load cells with a pH-sensitive dye (e.g., BCECF-AM) per manufacturer’s instructions.
• Add nigericin to 5 µM final (0.05–0.1% DMSO), incubate 10 min at 37°C.
• Record fluorescence ratios at each pH to generate a calibration curve. Apply to convert experimental ratios to absolute pHi.

2. Golgi/Lysosomal pH Equalization (Live-Cell Imaging)

• Prepare imaging buffer (e.g., 140 mM KCl, 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.4) containing 1–2 µM nigericin.
• Incubate cells 5–10 min at 37°C before imaging pH-sensitive organelle probes; include vehicle-only controls.

3. Potassium Efflux–Driven Signaling Assay (e.g., inflammasome studies)

• Prime cells per your model’s requirements.
• Treat with nigericin 5–10 µM for 30–60 min.
• Measure downstream readouts (e.g., dye uptake, reporter activation) as appropriate.

Notes

• Always prepare fresh dilutions, mix thoroughly, and monitor for precipitation.
• Maintain consistent vehicle concentration across all conditions.
• These protocols are for research only and should be optimized empirically.

Biological Roles

Nigericin (sodium salt) is a polyether carboxylate ionophore originally isolated from Streptomyces species. It is extensively used to manipulate ion gradients across biological membranes in research settings.

• Mode of action (literature): Functions as a K+/H+ antiporter (electroneutral exchanger). By exchanging intracellular K+ for extracellular H+, it collapses ΔpH while largely preserving membrane potential compared to classical protonophores.
• Selectivity: Exhibits a strong preference for K+ over Na+, though it can complex other monovalent cations in non-aqueous systems. The polyether cavity and carboxylate coordinate cations for transbilayer transport.
• Cellular effects:
  • pHi control: Equalizes intracellular and extracellular pH in the presence of high extracellular K+, enabling calibration of pH-sensitive indicators.
  • Organelle pH: Disrupts acidification in compartments such as the Golgi and endolysosomal system.
  • Ion homeostasis: Promotes K+ efflux, which is used to probe signaling pathways sensitive to cytosolic K+ concentration.
• Comparison to other ionophores:
  • Versus valinomycin: Nigericin exchanges K+/H+ (affects pH), whereas valinomycin is a K+ carrier affecting membrane potential without proton exchange.
  • Versus monensin: Both are carboxylic polyether ionophores; monensin shows different cation selectivity and kinetics; they are sometimes used together for robust pH equilibration.

Note: All biological roles described are for laboratory research; no clinical or therapeutic use is implied.

Buffer Applications

Nigericin is frequently used in defined buffers to manipulate intracellular pH (pHi) and organelle acidification.

• pHi clamping/calibration (literature):
  • Prepare a high-K+ calibration buffer (e.g., 120–140 mM KCl, 1–2 mM MgCl2, 10–20 mM HEPES or MES, adjusted to target pH levels). Optional 1–2 mM CaCl2 depending on cell type.
  • Add nigericin (1–10 µM) to equilibrate intra- and extracellular pH. Incubate 5–15 min at 37°C before fluorescence measurement of pH-sensitive dyes (e.g., BCECF, SNARF).
  • Generate a calibration curve by measuring fluorescence ratios at multiple external pH values in the presence of nigericin.
• Organelle pH equalization: In live-cell imaging, apply 1–5 µM nigericin in imaging buffer to dissipate Golgi/lysosomal pH gradients temporarily, validating probe response.
• Ionic strength/osmolality: Maintain physiological osmolality (~290–320 mOsm) when preparing high-K+ buffers. Replace Na+ salts with K+ salts to avoid transmembrane potential artifacts.
• Vehicle considerations: Keep DMSO/EtOH ≤0.1% v/v. Prepare fresh dilutions to minimize precipitation and adsorption.

These are general literature practices; optimize concentrations and incubation times for your specific cells and readouts. Always include vehicle-only controls.

Green Alternatives

While Nigericin sodium salt itself is a specialized bioactive tool without a direct “green” substitute, greener choices can be made in solvent and workflow selection.

• Solvent choices (greener preference):
  • Prefer ethanol over chlorinated solvents or acetonitrile when compatible with the assay (monitor final % for cytotoxicity).
  • Aqueous delivery: use minimal DMSO/EtOH carrier (≤0.1% v/v) and add stock dropwise with mixing to avoid local precipitation.
• Process minimization:
  • Use small-volume, high-concentration stocks to reduce solvent waste.
  • Adopt glass vials/syringes to minimize adsorption losses and repeated re-dissolution.

Comparison (literature, qualitative):

| Option | Greenness | Practicality for Nigericin | |---|---|---| | DMSO | Moderate (high boiling, biodegradable concerns) | Excellent solubilizer; standard for cell assays | | Ethanol | Preferred (renewable, lower toxicity) | Good solubilizer; watch final % in culture | | MeCN/CHCl3 | Less preferred | Strong solvency but avoid for cell work and due to EHS impacts |

Because the compound is a potent bioactive ionophore, the primary sustainability gains come from careful dose optimization, reduced repeat experiments (through robust controls), and minimizing solvent volumes.

Pharmaceutical Uses

No excipient or pharmacopeial use is indicated for Nigericin sodium salt. It is provided strictly for research use.

• Status: Not specified in major pharmacopeias as an excipient; supplied as a research-grade biochemical tool.
• Formulation in research settings (literature): Often prepared as concentrated DMSO or ethanol stocks (1–10 mM) and diluted into assay media immediately before use. Surfactants are generally unnecessary; avoid co-solvents that perturb cells unless required by the assay.
• Manufacturing/QA notes: For any non-clinical product development or device testing, validate identity (MS/NMR), purity (HPLC/LC–MS), and stability under intended storage and handling conditions.

No therapeutic or clinical claims are made or supported; this material is not for diagnostic or therapeutic use.

Physical Properties

Item-specific physico-chemical specifications (density, mp, UV cutoff, metal content, etc.) are not provided in the product data.

• Appearance (item-specific): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular Weight (literature, sodium salt): ~746.95 g/mol
• Molecular Formula (literature, sodium salt): C40H67NaO11
• State (general/literature): Typically a solid polyether antibiotic (hygroscopic tendencies possible); often supplied as a powder.
• Solubility (literature):
  • Good solubility in organic polar aprotic/protic solvents (e.g., DMSO, methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, chloroform).
  • Very low aqueous solubility as the free acid; sodium salt remains poorly water-soluble; often used as concentrated DMSO or ethanol stocks diluted into buffers.
• Partitioning (literature): Highly lipophilic polyether; high logP expected for membrane partitioning (qualitative; numeric logP not specified for this item).
• pKa (literature): Carboxylic acid functionality in the free acid; sodium salt is deprotonated. Exact pKa not specified for this item.

Notes:

• Where precise numeric values are critical (mp, solubility limits, logP), consult primary literature and the item’s CoA/SDS. Do not treat literature descriptions as item specifications.

Quality and Grades

• Grade/Purity (item-specific): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Guidance for this class of product:

• Nigericin sodium salt is typically offered as a research grade biochemical. In the absence of an explicit grade (e.g., BioUltra, ≥98%, HPLC), users should consult the CoA for: assay/purity method (HPLC/LC–MS), residual solvents, water content, and identity confirmation (MS, NMR).
• For sensitive cell-based assays, low levels of organic/metallic impurities and minimal degradation products are important to ensure consistent bioactivity.
• If a stabilizer is present (not specified for this item), it should be listed on the CoA. Stabilizers can affect downstream assays and should be accounted for in controls.

Recommendations:

• Verify purity, identity, and counterion content where critical (e.g., quantitative ion transport studies).
• For quantitative work, standardize stock solutions by UV or gravimetry as appropriate and maintain consistent solvent composition across experiments.

Reaction and Applications

This compound is primarily a biochemical tool, not a synthetic reagent. Applications focus on ion transport and pH manipulation in biological systems.

Key research applications (literature):

• K+/H+ ionophore: Facilitates electroneutral exchange of intracellular K+ with extracellular H+, collapsing transmembrane pH gradients.
• pHi clamping/calibration: Used with high-K+ buffers to equilibrate intracellular and extracellular pH, enabling calibration of pH-sensitive fluorescent dyes.
• Organelle pH equalization: Disrupts pH gradients in acidic compartments (e.g., Golgi/lysosomes) for trafficking and acidification studies.
• Inflammasome studies: Commonly employed after priming to trigger downstream signaling (e.g., NLRP3 pathways) in cell models by inducing K+ efflux.
• Bioenergetics: Modulates proton motive force indirectly through K+/H+ exchange; used to interrogate mitochondrial and plasma membrane transport processes.

Practical considerations:

• Prepare fresh working solutions just before use to minimize adsorption/precipitation.
• Typical working ranges: 0.5–10 µM for pH clamp and organelle pH work; 5–20 µM in inflammasome studies (literature, cell-type dependent). Always titrate for your system.
• Combine with high-K+ buffers for pHi equalization; adjust extracellular pH precisely.
• Maintain consistent vehicle control (DMSO/EtOH) in all experimental groups.

Note: Not commonly used in classical organic synthesis reactions; see other sections for biochemical protocol guidance.

Reaction Conditions

This product is not primarily used as a reagent in chemical synthesis; therefore, classical reaction conditions (catalysts, temperatures, yields) are not typically reported.

Experimental conditions for biological use (literature, general guidance):

• Stock solutions: 1–10 mM in DMSO or ethanol, stored at −20°C, aliquoted to avoid freeze–thaw.
• Working concentrations:
  • pH clamp/calibration: 1–10 µM in high-K+ buffer.
  • Organelle pH manipulation: 1–5 µM in imaging buffer.
  • Signaling studies involving K+ efflux: 5–20 µM for 15–60 min (cell-type and endpoint dependent).
• Temperature: Typically 20–37°C for cell assays; equilibrate solutions to use temperature to prevent precipitation.
• Light sensitivity: Minimize light exposure during preparation and incubation to reduce degradation.

These conditions are provided as literature-derived guidance for laboratory research. Optimize for your specific system and endpoints.

Safety and Handling

Safety details in the product data are incomplete; always review the current SDS for authoritative information.

• Intended use: For research use only (not for human or veterinary use).
• GHS Classification / H-Statements / Pictograms (item-specific): Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• General hazards (literature/analogous ionophores): Polyether ionophores can be toxic; avoid inhalation, ingestion, and skin/eye contact. May cause irritation to eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Handle as a bioactive small molecule with appropriate containment.
• PPE: Lab coat, safety glasses or face shield, and appropriate chemical-resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile). Use in a certified chemical fume hood to avoid aerosol/vapor exposure.
• Handling notes:
  • Prepare solutions in a fume hood; prevent aerosols and dust formation.
  • Avoid contact with strong oxidizers and strong acids/bases that can degrade polyethers.
  • Polyethers can adsorb to plastics; for accurate dosing at low micromolar levels, consider low-binding tubes and pre-rinsing with solvent.
• First aid (general):
  • Inhalation: move to fresh air; seek medical attention.
  • Skin/eye contact: rinse with water for at least 15 minutes; remove contaminated clothing; seek medical attention.
  • Ingestion: rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting; seek medical attention immediately.
• Spill response: Absorb with inert material (e.g., vermiculite), collect for disposal. Decontaminate surfaces with suitable organic solvent followed by detergent/water.
• Waste: Dispose as hazardous chemical waste according to institutional and local regulations.
• Transport/storage cautions: Light- and heat-sensitive; store as directed below. Maintain inert atmosphere as provided.

Solvent Selection

Nigericin sodium salt is a highly lipophilic polyether; practical use typically involves concentrated organic stocks diluted into aqueous buffers immediately before use.

• Polarity/miscibility (literature):
  • Freely soluble in DMSO; soluble in methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, chloroform. Poorly soluble in water and nonpolar alkanes.
  • Stock solutions are commonly prepared at 1–10 mM in DMSO or ethanol.
• Dielectric considerations: Polar aprotic solvents (DMSO, DMF, MeCN) effectively solvate the polyether backbone and carboxylate; protic solvents (MeOH, EtOH) are also suitable for short-term working stocks.
• Buffer compatibility: Upon dilution into physiological buffers, include carrier (e.g., 0.1% v/v DMSO or ethanol) to avoid precipitation. High-salt buffers may influence apparent solubility and distribution.
• Material compatibility: Adsorption to plastics can reduce effective concentration at low nM–µM levels; consider glass vials/syringes or low-bind plastics.

Comparison (typical, literature):

• DMSO: maximum solubilizing power; widely used in cell assays; control for ≤0.1% v/v in final media.
• Ethanol: acceptable alternative when DMSO must be avoided; monitor for cytotoxicity at ≥0.5% v/v.
• Methanol: effective solubilizer for stock but less favored in cell culture due to toxicity; limit final % to trace levels if used.

Tip: Filter sterilization is generally unnecessary; prepare sterile stocks by dissolving with sterile solvent into sterile vials and working aseptically.

Storage and Reconstitution

• Storage conditions (item-specific): Store at −20°C, Argon charged.
• Shipping (item-specific): Shipped in ice chest + ice pads.
• Reconstitution solvent: DMSO is recommended for highest solubility; ethanol or methanol are acceptable alternatives. Use sterile, anhydrous solvent when preparing stocks for cell-based assays.
• Stock concentration (literature): 1–10 mM in DMSO or ethanol.
• Aliquoting: Prepare single-use aliquots in amber or foil-wrapped vials to minimize light exposure and freeze–thaw cycles.
• Handling: Allow vial to equilibrate to room temperature in a desiccated environment before opening to avoid moisture condensation. Work quickly under inert atmosphere when feasible.
• Stability: Long-term stability depends on purity, solvent, and headspace; monitor by HPLC/LC–MS. Avoid repeated freeze–thaw and prolonged exposure to light/air.
• Working solutions: Dilute into pre-warmed buffer with vigorous mixing to a final vehicle concentration typically ≤0.1% v/v.
• Incompatibilities: Strong oxidizers and strong acids/bases may degrade polyether structures; avoid prolonged exposure.

Always refer to the product’s CoA and SDS for the most accurate, item-specific guidance on storage and handling.

Structure and Identity

Nigericin sodium salt is a polyether carboxylate ionophore widely used as a selective K+/H+ exchanger in biochemical research.

• Product Name: Nigericin sodium salt (SKU: N102401)
• CAS: 28643-80-3
• PubChem CID: 16760591
• InChIKey (item-specific): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• SMILES (item-specific): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular Formula (literature, sodium salt): C40H67NaO11
• Molecular Weight (literature, sodium salt): ~746.95 g/mol

Structural features (general description, literature):

• Polyether backbone containing multiple cyclic ethers (tetrahydrofuran/tetrahydropyran-like rings) linked in a ladder polyether arrangement.
• Single carboxylate terminus present as the sodium salt (–COO− Na+), which participates in cation binding and transport.
• Numerous secondary and tertiary alcohols and ether oxygens create a cation-binding cavity, conferring ionophoric selectivity (especially for K+ over Na+ in biological membranes).
• No defined stereochemistry provided for this item; literature reports many stereogenic centers typical of naturally derived polyether ionophores.

2D structure in words (literature): an extended aliphatic polycyclic ether chain containing several fused/successive oxygen-containing rings, terminating in a carboxylate moiety; the interior oxygen array forms a cation-complexation channel, while hydrophobic substituents enable membrane partitioning.

Synthetic Utility

Nigericin sodium salt is not typically employed as a reagent or building block in synthetic organic chemistry due to its complex polyether structure and bioactivity.

• Functional groups (literature): Polyether rings, multiple secondary/tertiary alcohols, and a terminal carboxylate (as sodium salt).
• Reactivity considerations: The densely functionalized, stereochemically rich framework limits derivatization to specialized studies (e.g., prodrug or probe conjugates). Routine transformations (esterification of the carboxylate, selective acylation of alcohols) are possible in principle but are not standard synthetic applications.
• Retrosynthetic value: Minimal as a building block; more relevant as a tool compound in chemical biology and membrane transport studies.

If derivatization is needed (e.g., fluorescent tagging), carefully evaluate protecting group strategies and maintain ionophore activity; consult primary literature for selective functionalization of polyether ionophores.

Target Specificity

Not applicable. Nigericin sodium salt is a small-molecule ionophore, not an affinity reagent or antibody. It does not have a specific antigen/epitope, clone, or isotype. Its functional “specificity” lies in preferential K+ over Na+ transport and K+/H+ exchange across lipid membranes (literature). For biological targeting information relevant to your assay, see Biological Roles and Application Protocols.