Animal models of rheumatoid arthritis

Summary

Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic polyarticular inflammation, the etiology and pathogenesis of which are not fully understood. It is generally recognized that rheumatoid factor reacts with certain components of immunoglobulins, such as alloimmunoglobulins, isoimmunoglobulins (deformed human IgG), and autoimmunoglobulins (the patient's own IgG), which leads to a series of pathological changes in the synovial lining of the joints, the articular cartilage, and the subchondral bone.

Principle

Basic principles of rheumatoid arthritis animal models

Animal models of rheumatoid arthritis are prepared based on the following pathologic features: persistent synovial hyperplasia and destruction of cartilage and bone. Various animal models of rheumatoid arthritis are based on the above pathologic changes, and each model has its own characteristics, providing a variety of options for the study of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis is caused by genetic, infectious, environmental, immune and other complex factors, and animal models are only established under certain conditions, focusing on one or several factors, and cannot fully reflect all the characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis, so we need to choose the most appropriate model according to the needs of various experiments.

Operation method

Animal models of rheumatoid arthritis

Principle

Animal models of rheumatoid arthritis are based on the following pathologic features: persistent synovial hyperplasia and destruction of cartilage and bone. Various animal models of rheumatoid arthritis are based on the above pathologic changes, and each model has its own characteristics, providing a variety of options for rheumatoid arthritis research. Rheumatoid arthritis is caused by genetic, infectious, environmental, immune and other complex factors, and animal models are only established under certain conditions, focusing on one or several factors, and cannot fully reflect all the characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis, therefore, we need to choose the most appropriate model according to the needs of various experiments.

Materials and Instruments

Materials: adult rats, mice
Reagents:
① Fuchs adjuvant (BCG, liquid paraffin, lanolin)
② 0.1 moL/L acetic acid
③ Ovalbumin
④ Physiological saline

Move

The basic modeling methods for animal models of rheumatoid arthritis can be divided into the following categories: 1. Adjuvant arthritis models A. Adult rats are selected.B. To prepare Fuchs' adjuvant, 200 mg of inactivated BCG vaccine was added to 7 ml of liquid paraffin and stirred well, then 0.7 ml of lanolin was added to 46 ℃ water and mixed well, and stored in the refrigerator at 4 ℃.C. Inject 0.1 ml of the above adjuvant subcutaneously into the right hindfoot sole of rats, and then observe and measure the local swelling every day.D. The local joints were obviously swollen 3 days after modeling.E. At 4 weeks, X-ray examination showed periosteal reaction, bone destruction and soft tissue swelling. Serum IgG levels are significantly elevated. Pathologic changes include inflammation of the subsynovial tissues, synovial hyperplasia, angiographic opacities, and cartilage destruction. 2. Collagen-induced arthritis model A. Mice were selected as the model.

B. Dissolve type l collagen in 0.1 moL/L acetic acid, stir at 4 ℃ to fully dissolve, the mass concentration was 2 g/L, and put it in the refrigerator at 4 ℃ overnight.

C. Inactivated BCG vaccine was placed in liquid paraffin, 2 gL of Fuchs' complete adjuvant was prepared, and the two were mixed in equal volume and emulsified to form type II collagen emulsion (i.e., every 1 ml contained Img type II collagen and 1 mg BCG vaccine).

D. Inflame each mouse with 0.1 ml of this emulsion by intradermal injection at the root of the tail.

E. On day 20, inject 0.1 ml of the emulsion intraperitoneally as a stimulating injection.

F. Swelling of joints was observed on day 24 and peaked on day 36.G. During the course of the disease, the animal loses its coat color, has slight hair loss, and loses weight, accompanied by foci of inflammation in the ears and tail. There are inflammatory lesions in the ear and tail, such as synovial hyperplasia, formation of vascular cataracts with subsequent cartilage and bone destruction, invasion of distal joints of the limbs, and humoral and cellular immune responses to collagen. 3. Ovalbumin-induced arthritis model A. Mice were selected as the model.

B. Dissolve ovalbumin in saline to form a 20 g/L solution, mix with an equal amount of Freund's adjuvant, and inject into the back of the animal subcutaneously for sensitization, 1 ml each time, once a week for 3 weeks.

C. 1 week after the last injection, 5 mg of dissolved ovalbumin was injected into the joints, and the morbidity rate reached 100% after 21 days.

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