Experiment for determination of total solids in water

Summary

Total solids in water (Total solid, referred to as TS), also known as the total evaporation residue, is in the prescribed conditions, water samples evaporation drying to a constant weight when the residual material, converted to milligrams per liter of water containing residue measurement. It is the sum of dissolved solids and suspended solids in water. Determination of total solids in water is evaporated and then weighed to get the water, so the temperature of the selected evaporation has a great relationship with the general provisions of the control in the 105 ~ 110 ℃ evaporation.

Operation method

gravimetric method

Principle

The well-mixed water sample was added to an evaporating dish baked to constant weight, evaporated on a steam or water bath, and then dried to constant weight at 103-105°C. The weight added to the evaporating dish was taken as the weight of total solids.

Materials and Instruments

Water samples
Porcelain evaporating dish Rigid beaker Glass evaporating dish Water bath Oven Balance Measuring cylinder.

Move

I. Instrumentation

9 cm diameter porcelain evaporating dish or 150 mL rigid beaker or glass evaporating dish, water bath, oven, 1 in 10,000 balance, 100 mL measuring cylinder.
II. Experimental steps
1. Place the washed evaporated dish in an oven at 103~105°C for 30 min, cool and weigh until constant weight (the difference between two weighings should not exceed 0.0 005 g).
2. Take an appropriate amount of well oscillated water sample (e.g. 50 mL so that the amount of residue is more than 20 mg), place it in the evaporating dish mentioned above, and evaporate it to dryness on a water bath. Transfer to 103~105℃ oven for 1 h, after cooling, weighing until constant weight. (The difference between two weighings should not exceed 0.0005 g).
III. Calculation of results
Total solids (mg/L) = (A-B) x 1,000 x 1,000/VFormula:A - Total solids + evaporated dish weight, g;B - evaporation dish weight, g;V - volume of water sample, mL.

Caveat

1. control the baking temperature and time, and note them in the results.

2. weigh to a constant weight, i.e. the difference between two weighings does not exceed 0.0004 grams.

Common Problems

I. Introduction

Total solids in water (Total solid, referred to as TS), also known as evaporation of the total residue, is in the prescribed conditions, the water sample evaporation drying to constant weight when the residual material, converted to milligrams per liter of water containing residue measurement. It is the sum of dissolved solids and suspended solids in water. Determination of total solids in water is evaporated water and then weighed to get, so the selected evaporation temperature has a great relationship, generally specified control in 105 ~ 110 ℃ evaporation. Drying temperature is the main conditions in the determination of total solids, there are usually two drying temperature options, namely, 103 ~ 105 ℃ and 180 ± 2 ℃. In 103 ~ 105 ℃ drying, the residue retains the water of crystallization and part of the adsorbed water, organic volatilization loss is very small, the bicarbonate will be converted to carbonate, due to the temperature range is not easy to drive out of the adsorbed water, so the constant weight time is longer. Drying at 180 ± 2 ℃, can make all the adsorbed water, organic matter volatilization loss, may retain some water of crystallization, bicarbonate are converted to carbonate, part of the carbonate may be decomposed into oxides or alkali salts, some chlorides and nitrates may be lost, due to the drying temperature is higher, weighing should be operated quickly.

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