Today, there is a need for more effective methods in the detection of mutations in humans and other organisms caused by environmental toxins and radiation exposure. Environmental genomics studies are conducted on non-model system organisms, which requires a method that does not require knowledge of the genome sequence information of these organisms. Restriction landmarkgenome scanning (R L G S ) is a bi-directional electrophoresis (2 -D E ) analysis of end-labeled DNA fragments. A vertical large-scale 2-DE gel system has been developed and applied to R L G S . In a single R L G S profile of mouse or human DNA, approximately 2000 DNA fragments (dots) can be observed in the range of 1.0 to 5.0 kb for one-way electrophoresis and 0.2 to 3 kb for two-way electrophoresis. Theoretically, this system can detect two types of genomic alterations: (1) gain or loss of any of the three restriction endonucleases used in the study, and (2) insertion/deletion/rearrangement events. When sample preparation and electrophoresis conditions are optimized, the distribution of points from gel electrophoresis of a single DNA sample can be compared with other samples. This technique can detect 3000 D NA fragments without any probe and is therefore quite effective in monitoring mutations caused by I/D/R events in DNA fragments distributed throughout the genome. This method directly labels the DNA fragments instead of hybridizing them, so accurate information about the genome is not required. Therefore, this method can be applied to any species.
By Martin, this experiment is from "Environmental Genomics Lab Guide".
Operation method
Restriction enzyme digestion labeling genome scanning for mutation detection experiments Move ## I. Materials For more product details, please visit Aladdin Scientific website.
###1. Closure: repair of adventitious damage (RAD)
(1) Polymer mass genomic D N A : 330 ug/mL dissolved in T E buffer (10 m m ○l/L Tris, I ![m m o l /L E D T A , p H 8.0)。储存于 4°C (见注释 1 和 2)。 2. D N A 聚合酶 I ( 4 U/fxL) (TOYOBO, Osaka)。 储存于一20°C 。 3 . 局 浓 度 缓 冲 液 (1 0 X H B ): 0. 5 mol/L Tris-H C l , p H 7. 4, 100 m m o l / L M g C l2, l m o I/L N a C l , 1 0 m m o l /L D T T 。储存于一20。。。 4. d C T P [a] S , d G T P [ 〇: ] S (A m e r s h a m ),储存于一20°C 。 5_ d d A T P , d d T T P (A m e r s h a m), 储存于一20°C 。 6. R A D 储 液 :混合 130 ML I O X H B , 13JUL I mol/L D T T , 30 fxL I m m o l / L d d A T P , 30 I m m o l / L d d T T P , 24 ;xL 10 m m o l / L d C T P [a] S 和 24 /xL 10 ( n m o l / L d G T P [a] S 。分装储存于一20° C 。 7•大口径吸头:切除0.2 m L 吸头约5 m m 长度。 2. 2 限制性酶切和同位素标记 1. (20 U / p L ) (T O Y O B O )。 储存于一2(TC (见注释 3)。 2. £ C0R V (20U /ML ) (T O Y O B O )。储存于一20°C (见注释 3)。 3. JVofI 添加物: 0.5 mol/L N a C U 20 m m o l / L M g C l 2, 0.065% 牛血清白蛋白 (BSA), 0• 065% Triton X-100, 4 m m o l / L D T T 。 混合 100 |uL 5 mol/L NaCl, 20 pL I mol/L MgCl2, 65 ML 1%BSA, 6.5 10% Triton X-100, 4 fxL I mol/L D T T 和 805 fxL H20 。储存于一20°C。 4. [〇r32P ] d C T P (3000 Ci/m m o l ; A m e r s h a m )。 5. [Qr32P ] d G T P (3000 Ci/m m o l ; A m e r s h a m )。 6 . 测序酶乂《 2.0(12 11//^ ; 1 1 3 8 , ( :1以打1紐(1)。储存于一20。 ( :。 7•终止液: 5 0 m m o l /L E D T A , p H 8 , 含 5 0 % 蔗糖和〇.5 % 溴 酚 蓝 ( B P B ) 及二 甲 苯 蓝 (xylene cyan〇l, X C )。储存于室温](http://img.dxycdn.com/trademd/upload/userfiles/image/2016/07/B14683989415372muqj7r62spng_small.jpg)
###2 Restriction enzyme digestion and isotope labeling
###3 Two-dimensional electrophoresis
3.1 One-way electrophoresis (1st D)
The setup required for the preparation of the gel and in situ digestion is shown in Figure 2. 

3.2 In situ restricted endonuclease digestion 
3.3 Two-Way Electrophoresis (2n d D ) 
###Radiation autoradiography
##2 Methods
###1. Episodic damage repair ("closure", "blocking")
###2. Restricted enzymatic digestion and isotope labeling![3 . 2 限 制 性 酶 切 消 化 和 同 位 素 标 记 1•加2.1 M L JVw I ,各 I / V0Z I 和 E c o R V 。用带粗吸头的移液器轻轻吹打 (10次) ,充分混合达到完全消化。 37°C 孵 育 3h 。 2. D N A 聚合酶放射性标记补平iVof I 5'黏 末 端 (Sequenase Ver. 2.0)。制备标记 储液 :每个反应混合 1. 6 斗 [Cr32P ] d C T P 和 L 6 M L [a-32P ] d G T P , 0 •2 1 mol/L D T T , 0. 3 p L Sequenase。加 3. 7 ( u L 标记储液至消化的D N A 中,移液 器混合充分。 37°C 孵 育 30 m i n 。 3 . 加 5 p L 终止液后,置 于 冰 上 ( 见注释6 ) 。 3-3 双向电泳 在建立当前的一向电泳操作程序过程中经历了大量的试验摸索。过去放射效应研究 基 金 会 (Radiation Effects Research Foundation) 的生化遗传学计划(The Biochemical H GeneticsProgram) 曾广泛地使用了圆盘凝胶 电泳系统进行蛋白质突变体的研究,现在这 种技术被用于D N A 上。经过多次试验,我 已经在内径2. 4 m m 的 Telflon管中进行琼脂 糖圆盘凝胶电泳并得到了最好的结果。我发 现由于管内壁不平整,可使得在长时间的电 泳过程中,琼脂糖凝胶的位置不会移动。凝 胶 由 I.5 c m 0. 6 % 的浓缩胶和59 c m 0 •9 % 的 分离胶组成。图 3 就是垂直圆盘凝胶装置。 这种装置可以同时分析10个 D N A 样本。垂 直圆盘凝胶装置可高精度地分离大分子D N A 片段。此系统大大地减小了电泳的空间,并 降低了原位消化需使用的昂贵的限制内切酶 的 量 ( 原来的系统每个反应需要使用Hinf I 图3 用于一向琼脂糖圆盘凝胶电泳的装 置 。 10 〇〇〇 U ,现 在 只 需 用 500 U ),因此使 R L G S 方法变得更为实用和经济 。 一 向的琼 脂糖圆盘凝胶系统和最新的大胶二向垂直电泳装置系统(10或 8 块胶)分别展示于图3 和图4。以上所有的装置都可以从Ohtsuka-Rikagaku (Hiroshima, Japan) 购置。 3.3.1 — 向电泳 3 . 3 . 1 . 1 琼脂糖圆盘凝胶的制备 —向电泳凝胶的制备过程如图5 所示。在同位素标记之前进行凝胶的制备。如果需 要研究两种类型的D N A (1〜5 k b 和 5〜12 kb),就需要同时制备两种凝胶。对 于 5〜 12 kb D N A 片段,也可制备更软的凝胶。 1 . 在微波炉中溶解分离胶和浓缩胶,并置于70°C 加热板上保温。 2 . 将接有三通管的6 m L 塑料注射器通过3 c m 长 硅 胶 管 ( 内径5 m m ) 与制备凝胶 的持胶器连接。 . 1 2 6](http://img.dxycdn.com/trademd/upload/userfiles/image/2016/07/B146839917331939zbj8vwfkpng_small.jpg)
###Bidirectional electrophoresis
A great deal of trial and error has gone into the development of the current procedure for the use of electrophoresis. The disc gel electrophoresis system has been used extensively in the past by the Radiation Effects Research Foundation's Biochemical Genetics Program for the study of protein mutants, and is now being used in DNA. After many trials, I have performed agarose disk gel electrophoresis in Telflon tubes with an inner diameter of 2. 4 m m and have gotten the best results. I have found that the unevenness of the inner wall of the tube allows the position of the agarose gel not to move during prolonged electrophoresis. The gel consisted of I.5 c m 0. 6 % concentrate and 59 c m 0 -9 % separator. Figure 3 shows a vertical disk gel setup. This device can analyze up to 10 DNA samples simultaneously. The Vertical Disc Gel System allows the separation of large molecular DNA fragments with high precision. This system greatly reduces the space available for electrophoresis and reduces the amount of expensive restriction endonucleases required for in situ digestion (the original system required Hinf I
3.1 One-way electrophoresis 
3.1.1 Preparation of Agarose Disc Gels 
3.1.2 Electrophoresis
3.1.3 In situ restriction endonuclease digestion
3.2 Second direction electrophoresis 
3.2.1 Gel Preparation
3.2.2 Electrophoresis 
3.3 Radiographic autoradiography
###4 Image analysis
###5 Other Endonucleases Used in RLGS 
