Techniques for detecting, quantifying and localizing antigens and antibodies — ELISA, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Below are the protocols, FAQs and technical articles in our knowledge base tagged with this topic.
Organic synthesis experiments are generally designed around a predetermined transformation: substrates and reagents are selected, the temperature and reaction time are controlled, and the target product is then isolated. Unknown peaks or unexpected products observed in an actual reaction may ...
In small-molecule drug discovery, the value of a molecular building block depends not only on whether its structure is novel, but also on whether it can be effectively introduced into target molecules and provide well-defined variables for structural optimization.
The core of visible-light photoredox catalysis is that a photocatalyst absorbs visible light to form an excited state, which then drives redox cycles through single-electron transfer (SET) to generate highly reactive intermediates for bond construction and functional-group transformation under ...
2-Chloro-1-methylpyridinium iodide, abbreviated as CMPI, is a representative member of Mukaiyama-type carboxylic acid activation reagents and is often referred to as a Mukaiyama reagent; more precisely, it is one of the classic representatives of Mukaiyama-type 2-halo-1-methylpyridinium ...
In multistep organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry, the value of some intermediates does not lie in corresponding to one specific end product, but in their ability to define chain length, reaction sites, and the sequence of subsequent transformations in advance.
Triphosgene, abbreviated as BTC, is bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate. The name “triphosgene” comes from the fact that, in stoichiometric terms, it can provide three equivalents of phosgene, and it is therefore commonly regarded as a classical phosgene equivalent. A representative paper ...
The importance of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP, 4-dimethylaminopyridine) in organic synthesis lies primarily in its ability to significantly promote acyl transfer. DMAP can first react with an activated acyl donor to form a more reactive acyl pyridinium intermediate, and then transfer the acyl ...
In multistep organic synthesis, TMSE [2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl], Teoc [2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxycarbonyl], and SEM [2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl] are worth discussing together because all three share a 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl-derived structural motif and can be incorporated into orthogonal ...
Amide bond formation is one of the most common fundamental reactions in organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, and peptide chemistry. For a long time, when evaluating coupling reagents, the first concerns were usually whether the reaction was fast enough, whether the yield was high enough, and ...
Thiophene is one of the most representative five-membered sulfur-containing aromatic heterocycles. It is both a classical scaffold in organic synthesis and a high-frequency structural unit in medicinal chemistry, functional materials, conductive polymers, and sensor research.
In organic synthesis, organometallic catalysis, electrochemistry, photolithography, and functional materials, one frequently encounters the abbreviations “TfOH”, “OTf”, “triflate”, and “triflic”. All of these are closely associated with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (CF₃SO₃H, ...
In 2015, the Dolbier group reported a method where phenylacetylene is used as the substrate, reacting with SF₅Cl under the catalysis of triethylborane (BEt₃) to generate a chlorinated pentafluorosulfanylated intermediate (189).
The targets of action of drugs involve receptors, enzymes, ion channels, transporters, immune system, genes and many others. This paper describes four drugs involving enzyme targets of action and their synthetic routes.
An oxidizing agent, also referred to as an oxidant, is a chemical substance that facilitates oxidation by accepting electrons from other substances in a chemical reaction. This process leads to the oxidation of the substance donating electrons. Oxidizing agents play crucial roles in numerous ...
ROS1 Fusion Inhibitor NVL-520 with MGAT2 Inhibitor BMS-963272
Techniques often explored alongside immunological experiments.
