Blood morphology observation experiment
Blood morphology observation experiment
Summary
This experiment is from the website of Basic Medical Experimental Teaching Center of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
Operation method
Blood morphology observation experiment
Move
1. Staining: Wright's method
Puncture the earlobe or fingertip, take a drop of blood, put it on a slide, use another slide to push the blood at an angle of 30 degrees to make a thick and thin smear. After drying, a few drops of Ritter's stain were added to the smear, followed by distilled water, then washed to pink color and dried for observation. Rhett's stain is prepared by mixing Meilan and Eosin, in which part of Meilan is oxidized to become azure. After staining, the parts that have affinity for the basic dye Meilan are blue; those that have affinity for the acidic dye Eosin are bright red; those that have affinity for azurite are purplish-red; those that do not have strong affinity for both the acidic and basic dyes have slight coloring, which is light red or mauve.
2. Observation by the naked eye:
The standard blood smear is a very thin "blood film" with one end straight (posterior) and the other rounded (anterior), resulting in an overall tongue shape. Blood smears are usually not coverslipped because the color fades easily after sealing. Pay attention to carefully observe and identify the front and back of the blood smear, and place the blood film side up under a low magnification microscope.
3. Low magnification observation:
Most of the cells are red nucleated erythrocytes, with a few leukocytes scattered among them, and the nuclei are stained blue. Choose an area with an even distribution of cells and more leukocytes; the second half of the smear is usually better.
4. High magnification observation:
Confirm the cells (preferably leukocytes) seen at low magnification by using a micro-adjuster to ensure that the blood film side of the blood smear is facing the Up.
5. Oil microscopy
Identify red blood cells, various white blood cells, and platelets. Note the color chart attached to the textbook.
(1) Red blood cells: round, without nucleus, reddish in color, lighter in the center than at the edges (why?).
(2) Neutrophils: round, larger than erythrocytes, cytoplasm reddish, containing tiny pale purplish-red granules, evenly distributed. The nucleus is lobulated, ranging from 2 to 5 lobes, mostly 2 to 3 lobes. Chromatin filaments are connected between the lobes, stained blue, and there are also non-lobed rod-shaped nuclei.
(3) Eosinophils: fewer in number, larger than neutrophils, with light red cytoplasm, containing a large number of coarse orange-red granules, evenly distributed and dense. The nuclei are mostly 2-lobed and stained blue.
(4) Basophilic granulocytes: very few in number and hard to find. The cytoplasm contains blue granules of various sizes, unevenly distributed, often covering the nucleus. The nucleus is lobulated, S-shaped or irregularly shaped and lightly colored.
(5) Lymphocytes: varying in size, predominantly small lymphocytes, the diameter of which resembles that of red blood cells. The nucleus is rounded, occupying the majority of the cell, with a slight depression on one side. Chromatin is dense and blocky, stained dark blue. The cytoplasm is small, in a narrow band around the nucleus, stained azure blue, sometimes containing a small amount of purplish-red azurophilic granules. Large lymphocytes have more cytoplasm and light nuclear staining.
(6) Monocytes: largest in size and fewer in number. The nucleus is kidney-shaped and horseshoe-shaped, the chromatin particles are fine and loose, so the staining is lighter; the cytoplasm is more, stained gray-blue, and contains more fine azurophilic particles.
(7) Platelets: the smallest size, diameter of about 1/3 of the red blood cells, distributed in groups between the blood cells, irregularly shaped, cytoplasm stained light blue, the center contains purple particles.
Leukocyte classification and counting: on the basis of familiarizing with the morphology of various blood cells, use high magnification or oil microscope for leukocyte classification and counting. In order to avoid repeated counting, the slide can be pushed in the order shown in Figure 5, 50~100 leukocytes are observed, their types are recorded separately, and the results are accounted for as a percentage.
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