Phosphoenol Pyruvate Carboxykinase (PEPCK) Activity Assay Kit (UV Colorimetric Method) - BioReagent, high purity

Cat. No.: P1501278

GRADE & PURITY BioReagent

Overview

Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (PEPCK, EC 4.1.1.32) is widely present in animals, plants, microorganisms, and cells. It catalyzes the conversion of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate and is a key regulatory enzyme in the gluconeogenesis pathway.

Assay Principle
PEPCK catalyzes the conversion of Oxaloacetate to Phosphoenolpyruvate and CO₂. Pyruvate Kinase and Lactate Dehydrogenase subsequently catalyze the sequential oxidation of NADH to NAD⁺. The rate of decrease in NADH absorbance at 340 nm is measured, which reflects PEPCK activity.

Component	50T	Storage
Acidic Extraction Buffer	60 mL	2-8℃
Reagent 1	45 mL	2-8℃
Reagent 2	41 μL	2-8℃
Reagent 3	1EA	-20℃
Reagent 4	1EA	-20℃

Required Materials and Equipment (Not Provided)
UV spectrophotometer, benchtop centrifuge, adjustable pipettes, 1 ml quartz cuvette, mortar and pestle, ice, and distilled water.

Sample Preparation:

*Note: The provided sample-to-buffer ratios (1:1, w/v or based on cell count) using microliters (μl) are highly unusual and likely a typo in the original text. Standard protocols use milliliters (ml). The calculations also imply ml. The following protocol assumes the intended volumes are in milliliters (ml).*

1. Bacteria or Cultured Cells:

   • Collect cells by centrifugation and discard the supernatant.

   • Add Acidic Extraction Buffer at a ratio of 1 ml per 5-10 million cells (e.g., 1 ml for 5 million cells).

   • Sonicate on ice (20% power or 200W, pulse 3s on/10s off, repeat 30 times).

   • Centrifuge at 8000 g, 4°C for 10 min. Collect the supernatant and keep it on ice for assay.

2. Tissues:

   • Homogenize tissue on ice in Acidic Extraction Buffer at a ratio of 1:5-10 (w/v) (e.g., 0.1 g tissue in 1 ml buffer).

   • Centrifuge at 8000 g, 4°C for 10 min. Collect the supernatant and keep it on ice for assay.

3. Serum (or Plasma) Samples:

   • Assay directly.

Assay Procedure:

1. Preheat the spectrophotometer for at least 30 minutes. Set the wavelength to 340 nm. Zero the instrument with distilled water.

2. Preparation of Working Solution: Just before use, transfer and dissolve Reagent 2 and Reagent 3 into Reagent 1. Mix well. Aliquot and store any unused portions at -20°C. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

3. Preparation of Reagent 4: Just before use, dissolve the contents of the vial in 2.5 mL of distilled water. Mix well. Aliquot and store any unused portions at -20°C. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

4. Pre-warm the Working Solution and dissolved Reagent 4 at 37°C (for mammalian samples) or 25°C (for other species) for 5 minutes.

5. In a 1 ml quartz cuvette, add:

   • 50 μl sample

   • 50 μl dissolved Reagent 4

   • 900 μl pre-warmed Working Solution
     Mix immediately and record the initial absorbance (A₁) at 340 nm. Record the absorbance again (A₂) after exactly 1 minute. Calculate ΔA = A₁ - A₂.
     Note: For this kit, if ΔA is greater than 0.1, dilute the sample with Acidic Extraction Buffer by an appropriate factor (account for this dilution factor 'n' in the calculations) so that ΔA is less than 0.1 to improve detection sensitivity.

PEPCK Activity Calculation:

General Parameters for 1 ml Cuvette (d = 1.0 cm):

• Vₜₒₜₐₗ (Total reaction volume) = 0.001 L (1000 μL)

• ε (NADH molar extinction coefficient) = 6220 L/mol/cm

• d (Cuvette light path) = 1.0 cm

• Vₛₐₘₚₗₑ (Sample volume in reaction) = 0.05 mL (50 μL) [Note: Corrected from 0.05μL, which is implausible]

• T (Reaction time) = 1 min

• Vₛₐₘₚₗₑₜₒₜₐₗ (Total extract volume) = 1 mL (for tissues/cells) [Note: Corrected from 1μL]

• Cpr (Sample protein concentration, mg/mL) [Note: Corrected from mg/μL]

• W (Sample mass, g)

• 500 (Cell/Bacteria count in millions for example calculation: 5 million)

1. For Serum (Plasma):

• Definition: One unit of activity is defined as the amount of enzyme that consumes 1 nmol of NADH per minute per ml of serum.

• Calculation:
  PEPCK Activity (nmol/min/ml) = [ΔA × Vₜₒₜₐₗ ÷ (ε × d) × 10⁹] ÷ Vₛₐₘₚₗₑ ÷ T
  Simplified Formula: PEPCK (nmol/min/ml) = 3215 × ΔA

2. For Tissues, Bacteria, or Cells:

• Based on Sample Protein Concentration:

  • Definition: One unit of activity is defined as the amount of enzyme that consumes 1 nmol of NADH per minute per mg of protein.

  • Calculation:
    PEPCK Activity (nmol/min/mg prot) = [ΔA × Vₜₒₜₐₗ ÷ (ε × d) × 10⁹] ÷ (Vₛₐₘₚₗₑ × Cpr) ÷ T
    Simplified Formula: PEPCK (nmol/min/mg prot) = 3215 × ΔA ÷ Cpr

• Based on Sample Fresh Weight:

  • Definition: One unit of activity is defined as the amount of enzyme that consumes 1 nmol of NADH per minute per gram of fresh tissue.

  • Calculation:
    PEPCK Activity (nmol/min/g fresh weight) = [ΔA × Vₜₒₜₐₗ ÷ (ε × d) × 10⁹] ÷ (W × Vₛₐₘₚₗₑ / Vₛₐₘₚₗₑₜₒₜₐₗ) ÷ T
    Simplified Formula: PEPCK (nmol/min/g fresh weight) = 3215 × ΔA ÷ W

• Based on Bacterial or Cell Density:

  • Definition: One unit of activity is defined as the amount of enzyme that consumes 1 nmol of NADH per minute per 10⁴ cells.

  • Calculation (example for 5 million cells in 1 ml extract):
    PEPCK Activity (nmol/min/10⁴ cell) = [ΔA × Vₜₒₜₐₗ ÷ (ε × d) × 10⁹] ÷ (500 × Vₛₐₘₚₗₑ / Vₛₐₘₚₗₑₜₒₜₐₗ) ÷ T
    Simplified Formula: PEPCK (nmol/min/10⁴ cell) = 6.43 × ΔA

Precautions
Before formal assay, it is essential to perform a pilot test with 2-3 samples expected to have significant differences in activity.

Storage and Shipping

Storage

Protected from light,Store at -20°C

Shipped In

Ice chest + Ice pads

Stability And Storage

Each component has a shelf life of 6 months under corresponding storage conditions.