Structural Features, Activation Logic, and Signaling Output of the ErbB Family Pathway

The ErbB family pathway is a major module within receptor tyrosine kinase networks. Its key feature is not activation of a single receptor in isolation, but rather the coordinated determination of biological outcomes such as cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, and migration through ligand recognition, receptor dimerization, phosphorylation of intracellular tyrosine residues, and integration of multiple downstream signaling axes. Because this pathway participates in both normal development and tissue homeostasis, as well as tumor progression, it represents a major research axis in cell signaling and tumor biology.

Keywords: ErbB; EGFR; HER2; HER3; HER4; receptor tyrosine kinase; PI3K-AKT; RAS-ERK; dimerization

1. Basic Composition of the ErbB Family

1.1 Family Members

The ErbB family contains four members:

(1) ErbB1, also known as EGFR or HER1.

(2) ErbB2, also known as HER2.

(3) ErbB3, also known as HER3.

(4) ErbB4, also known as HER4.

All four members belong to the class I transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase family, but they are asymmetric in ligand-binding capacity, kinase activity, and dimerization preference. Accordingly, their functions are not simply redundant; rather, they form a receptor network with clear division of labor.

1.2 Shared Structural Framework

ErbB family members generally contain the following structural modules:

(1) Extracellular ligand-binding domain: responsible for recognition of EGF-like ligands and for exposing the dimerization interface upon activation.

(2) Single-pass transmembrane domain: responsible for transmitting extracellular conformational changes to the intracellular side.

(3) Juxtamembrane region and kinase domain: involved in kinase activation and receptor-receptor conformational pairing.

(4) C-terminal tail: contains multiple phosphorylatable tyrosine sites that recruit distinct downstream signaling proteins.

Table 1. Major Features of ErbB Family Members

Member	Common Name	Ligand-Binding Capacity	Kinase Activity	Major Features
ErbB1	EGFR/HER1	Strong	Strong	Classical EGF receptor with clear ligand-dependent activation
ErbB2	HER2	No classical direct ligand	Strong	More strongly functions as a dimerization co-receptor with strong signal-amplifying capacity
ErbB3	HER3	Strong	Very weak	Weak intrinsic catalytic activity, but prominent PI3K-recruiting capacity
ErbB4	HER4	Strong	Strong	More closely associated with differentiation, development, and tissue-specific functions

2. Ligand Recognition and Receptor Activation

2.1 Ligand Spectrum

The upstream input of the ErbB family is not a single ligand, but an EGF-like ligand family. Common members include EGF, TGF-α, amphiregulin, HB-EGF, betacellulin, epiregulin, and the neuregulin family.

2.2 Nature of Activation

The key event in ErbB receptor activation is not ligand binding itself, but ligand-induced extracellular conformational rearrangement that exposes the dimerization interface and further drives formation of homo- or heterodimers. After dimerization, the intracellular kinase domains are activated, and multiple tyrosine residues in the C-terminal tail are subsequently phosphorylated, thereby generating docking platforms for downstream signaling molecules.

3. Dimerization Logic and Signal Stratification

3.1 Homodimers and Heterodimers

The ErbB family can form both homodimers and heterodimers. These two forms are not equivalent in signal strength, duration, or downstream bias.

(1) Homodimers: such as EGFR-EGFR, more commonly represent the standard activation mode following classical ligand stimulation.

(2) Heterodimers: such as EGFR-HER2, HER2-HER3, and HER2-HER4, usually generate stronger signaling, longer signal duration, and more complex downstream outputs.

3.2 The Special Nature of the HER2-HER3 Complex

HER2-HER3 is commonly regarded as the most potent growth and survival signaling unit within the ErbB family, for several reasons:

(1) HER2 has strong kinase activity and stable dimerization capacity.

(2) Although HER3 has very weak kinase activity, its tail is rich in PI3K-binding sites.

(3) Their combination enables highly efficient amplification of the PI3K-AKT pathway.

Accordingly, HER3 is not a “weak receptor,” but rather a signaling platform receptor whose function is highly dependent on its dimerization partner.

4. Major Downstream Signaling Pathways

4.1 RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK Axis

This is the most classical pro-proliferative output module of the ErbB pathway. After receptor activation, GRB2 and SOS are recruited, which then activate RAS and subsequently RAF, MEK, and ERK.

This pathway is mainly associated with:

(1) Cell-cycle progression.

(2) Enhancement of proliferation-associated transcriptional programs.

(3) Regulation of migration and certain differentiation behaviors.

4.2 PI3K-AKT-mTOR Axis

This is the core survival signaling pathway of the ErbB family, especially of the HER2-HER3 complex. After PI3K recruitment, PIP3 is generated, which further activates AKT and linked nodes such as mTOR.

This pathway is mainly associated with:

(1) Anti-apoptotic signaling and cell survival.

(2) Protein synthesis and metabolic activation.

(3) Tolerance to stress and drug-induced injury.

4.3 PLCγ and Other Branches

Some ErbB receptors can also activate PLCγ, PKC, and Ca²⁺-related signaling, and in certain contexts can affect STAT family activation. Although these branches are not always the dominant axis, they provide important additional contributions to migration, secretion, invasion, and inflammatory transcriptional programs.

5. Functional Division Among Family Members

5.1 EGFR

EGFR is the most thoroughly characterized family member. Its typical features include clearly defined ligand dependence and well-characterized endocytic and degradation regulation, with prominent roles in epithelial cell proliferation, injury repair, and abnormal tumor growth.

5.2 HER2

The key significance of HER2 lies not in independent ligand recognition, but in its tendency to exist in a dimerization-competent conformation. It is therefore the most important signal-amplifying co-receptor in the family. When HER2 is highly expressed, sustained activation may be enhanced even in the absence of strong ligand stimulation because of increased receptor density.

5.3 HER3

The distinctive feature of HER3 is that its kinase domain has very weak catalytic activity, whereas its tail can efficiently recruit PI3K. Accordingly, HER3 is a key platform receptor for pro-survival signaling, particularly in drug resistance and bypass compensation.

5.4 HER4

HER4 possesses both ligand-binding capacity and kinase activity, and in certain tissues is more strongly associated with differentiation- and development-related functions. Compared with the more common pro-proliferative roles of EGFR and HER2, HER4 function is more dependent on tissue context and biological setting.

6. Biological Effects of the ErbB Pathway

6.1 Cell Proliferation

Through modules such as ERK and AKT, the ErbB pathway upregulates proliferation-associated programs including Cyclin D and MYC, thereby driving cells from quiescence into a proliferative state.

6.2 Cell Survival

Through AKT, mTOR, and related anti-apoptotic nodes, the ErbB pathway enhances cellular survival capacity under hypoxia, nutrient fluctuation, and drug pressure.

6.3 Migration and Invasion

ErbB signaling can remodel the cytoskeleton, alter adhesive structures, and promote migratory behavior. In tumor contexts, these changes are often associated with increased invasiveness and metastatic potential.

6.4 Differentiation and Tissue Repair

The ErbB family is not solely oncogenic in significance. In normal tissues, these receptors also participate in organ development, epithelial renewal, and injury repair. Accordingly, the ErbB pathway has a clear dual nature: it supports normal physiology, but may also become a pathogenic driver when aberrantly activated.

7. Aberrant Activation and Disease Relevance

7.1 Major Modes of Aberrant Activation

ErbB pathway dysregulation can occur at multiple levels:

(1) Receptor amplification or overexpression, such as HER2 amplification.

(2) Activating mutations, such as certain EGFR mutations.

(3) Ligand overproduction and formation of autocrine loops.

(4) Loss of downstream suppression, such as abnormal PI3K activation or PTEN loss.

7.2 Significance in Tumors

The ErbB family is one of the most classical driver pathways in solid tumors. EGFR abnormalities are more commonly observed in subsets of lung cancer and other epithelial-derived tumors; HER2 amplification is a classical driver event in breast cancer, gastric cancer, and related malignancies; HER3 often functions as a co-driver and a maintenance node for resistance.

7.3 Drug Resistance

Research on the ErbB pathway cannot stop at whether a given receptor is highly expressed, because resistance is often associated with the following factors:

(1) Compensatory upregulation of HER3.

(2) Signal takeover by bypass receptor tyrosine kinases such as MET, AXL, and IGF1R.

(3) Sustained activation of downstream PI3K-AKT or RAS-ERK nodes.

(4) Alterations in receptor dimerization patterns and endocytic dynamics.

8. Key Experimental Readouts in ErbB Research

8.1 Receptor-Level Readouts

Common indicators include p-EGFR, p-HER2, p-HER3, p-HER4, as well as changes in receptor membrane localization and dimerization status.

8.2 Downstream-Level Readouts

Common indicators include p-AKT, p-ERK, p-PLCγ, and, in certain contexts, p-STAT3/p-STAT5. These markers are used to determine signaling bias and the dominant output axis.

8.3 Functional-Level Readouts

Commonly used assays include:

(1) Proliferation and colony-formation assays.

(2) Migration and invasion assays.

(3) Apoptosis and survival analyses.

(4) Comparisons of ligand dependence and drug sensitivity.

Table 2. Common Experimental Readouts for the ErbB Pathway

Research Level	Common Indicators	Major Significance
Receptor activation level	p-EGFR, p-HER2, p-HER3, p-HER4	Determines whether receptors are activated
Dimerization level	Homodimer/heterodimer detection	Determines the combinatorial basis of signaling output
Downstream transduction level	p-AKT, p-ERK, p-PLCγ, p-STAT	Determines signaling bias
Functional level	Proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis	Determines biological consequences

9. Products Related to the ErbB Family Pathway

Table 3. ErbB Family Receptor Protein and Detection Antibody Products

Category	Catalog No.	Product Name	Grade and Purity	Suitable Research Direction / Use
HER2 detection reagent	Ab304565	ErbB2/Her2 Mouse mAb	ExactAb™,Validated,PBS Only,See COA	Used for HER2 protein detection and receptor expression analysis
HER2 detection reagent	Ab102062	ErbB2/Her2 Mouse mAb	Validated, ExactAb™, See COA	Used for HER2 protein detection
HER2 detection reagent	Ab102061	ErbB2/Her2 Mouse mAb	ExactAb™, Validated, 1mg/mL	Used for validation of HER2 receptor expression
HER2 recombinant antibody	Ab304374	Recombinant ERBB2/HER2 Antibody	Animal Free,Carrier Free,Recombinant,ExactAb™,Low Endotoxin,Azide Free,Validated,PBS Only,≥95%(SDS-PAGE&SEC-HPLC),See COA	Used for HER2 target detection and methodological validation
HER2 recombinant antibody	Ab304373	Recombinant ERBB2/HER2 Antibody	Animal Free,Carrier Free,Recombinant,ExactAb™,Low Endotoxin,Azide Free,Validated,PBS Only,≥95%(SDS-PAGE&SEC-HPLC),See COA	Used for HER2 target detection and recombinant antibody control studies
HER2 recombinant antibody	Ab304370	Recombinant ERBB2/HER2 Antibody	Animal Free,Carrier Free,Recombinant,ExactAb™,Low Endotoxin,Azide Free,Validated,PBS Only,≥95%(SDS-PAGE&SEC-HPLC),See COA	Used for HER2 target detection and construction of blocking systems
HER2 recombinant antibody	Ab304395	Recombinant ERBB2/HER2 Antibody	Validated,PBS Only,≥95%,~21mg/ml(in buffer，pH6.0)	Used for HER2 detection and antibody comparison studies
HER2 recombinant antibody	Ab304372	Recombinant ERBB2/HER2 Antibody	Animal Free,Carrier Free,Recombinant,ExactAb™,Low Endotoxin,Azide Free,Validated,PBS Only,≥95%(SDS-PAGE&SEC-HPLC),See COA	Used for HER2 target detection and studies corresponding to therapeutic antibodies
HER2 recombinant antibody	Ab304367	Recombinant ERBB2/HER2 Antibody	Animal Free,Carrier Free,Recombinant,ExactAb™,Low Endotoxin,Azide Free,Validated,PBS Only,≥95%(SDS-PAGE&SEC-HPLC),See COA	Used for HER2 detection and comparison of functional antibodies
HER2 recombinant antibody	Ab304375	Recombinant ERBB2/HER2 Antibody	Animal Free,Carrier Free,Recombinant,ExactAb™,Low Endotoxin,Azide Free,Validated,PBS Only,≥95%(SDS-PAGE&SEC-HPLC),See COA	Used for HER2 target detection and recombinant antibody screening
HER2 recombinant antibody	Ab304376	Recombinant ERBB2/HER2 Antibody	Animal Free,Carrier Free,Recombinant,ExactAb™,Low Endotoxin,Azide Free,Validated,PBS Only,≥95%(SDS-PAGE&SEC-HPLC),See COA	Used for HER2 target detection and candidate antibody comparison
HER2 recombinant antibody	Ab304567	Recombinant ErbB2/Her2 Antibody	Carrier Free,Recombinant,ExactAb™,Azide Free,Validated,See COA	Used for HER2 protein detection
HER3 recombinant antibody	Ab102106	Recombinant HER3/ErbB3 Antibody	ExactAb™, Validated, Recombinant, 0.6 mg/mL	Used for HER3 protein detection and receptor expression analysis
HER4 recombinant antibody	Ab102129	Recombinant ErbB4/HER4 Antibody	Recombinant, ExactAb™, Validated, See COA	Used for HER4 protein detection
HER2 recombinant protein	rp169607	Recombinant Human ErbB2/HER2 Protein	Animal Free,Carrier Free,Bioactive,ActiBioPure™,Azide Free,His Tag,PBS Only,≥90%(SDS-PAGE)	Used for HER2 ligand or antibody binding and in vitro functional studies
HER2 recombinant protein	rp145688	Recombinant Human ErbB2/Her2 Protein	Animal Free,Carrier Free,Bioactive,ActiBioPure™,Azide Free,His Tag,≥95%(SDS-PAGE)	Used for HER2 functional validation and binding assays
HER3 recombinant protein	rp170123	Recombinant Human ErbB3/HER3 Protein	Animal Free,Carrier Free,Bioactive,ActiBioPure™,His Tag,PBS Only,≥90%(SDS-PAGE)	Used for HER3 binding and dimerization studies
HER4 recombinant protein	rp169609	Recombinant Human ErbB4/HER4 Protein	Animal Free,Carrier Free,His Tag,PBS Only,≥90%(SDS-PAGE),See COA	Used for HER4-related functional studies
HER3 recombinant protein	rp166491	Recombinant Mouse ErbB3/Her3 Protein	Animal Free,Carrier Free,Bioactive,ActiBioPure™,His Tag,Fc Tag,≥90%(SDS-PAGE)	Used for mouse ErbB3-related studies

Table 4. ErbB Family Inhibitors and Blocking Antibody Products

Category	Catalog No.	Product Name	Grade and Purity	Suitable Research Direction / Use
HER2 inhibitor	A275317	AG 825	≥96%	Used for HER2 pathway inhibition and receptor-dependence validation
EGFR/HER2 dual-target inhibitor	A288169	AV 412	≥98%(HPLC)	Used for dual-target EGFR-HER2 inhibition studies
HER2 inhibitor	C125489	CP-724714	Moligand™, ≥98%	Used for selective HER2 inhibition studies
EGFR/HER2 inhibitor	E1434333	EGFR/ErbB-2 inhibitor-1		Used for validation of EGFR-HER2 pathway inhibition
EGFR/HER2/HER4 inhibitor	E1494626	EGFR/ErbB-2/ErbB-4 inhibitor-2	Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO	Used for multisubtype ErbB inhibition studies
EGFR/HER2/HER4 inhibitor	E337825	EGFR/ErbB-2/ErbB-4 inhibitor-2	Moligand™, ≥98%	Used for multi-receptor ErbB inhibition and comparative experiments
EGFR/HER2 dual irreversible inhibitor	H286774	HKI 357	≥98%(HPLC)	Used for studies of EGFR-HER2 co-driven models
EGFR/HER2 inhibitor	J286542	JBJ-03-142-02	≥98%(HPLC)	Used for EGFR-HER2 inhibition and pathway blockade studies
HER2-binding peptide	E1434346	ErbB-2-binding peptide	≥99%	Used for HER2 binding validation and probe development
HER3 blocking antibody	Ab182928	Barecetamab (anti-ERBB3)	Carrier Free, Recombinant, ExactAb™, Low Endotoxin, Azide Free, Validated, Animal Free, ≥95%(SDS-PAGE&SEC-HPLC), See COA	Used for HER3 blockade and HER2-HER3 axis studies
HER2 blocking antibody	Ab191934	Coprelotamab (anti-ERBB2)	Carrier Free, Recombinant, ExactAb™, Low Endotoxin, Azide Free, Validated, Animal Free, ≥95%(SDS-PAGE&SEC-HPLC), See COA	Used for HER2 blockade studies
HER2 blocking antibody	Ab190126	Disitamab (anti-ERBB2)	Carrier Free, Recombinant, ExactAb™, Low Endotoxin, Azide Free, Validated, Animal Free, ≥95%(SDS-PAGE&SEC-HPLC), See COA	Used for HER2 blockade and therapeutic antibody-related studies
HER3 blocking antibody	Ab182826	Elgemtumab (anti-ERBB3)	Carrier Free, Recombinant, ExactAb™, Low Endotoxin, Azide Free, Validated, Animal Free, ≥95%(SDS-PAGE&SEC-HPLC), See COA	Used for HER3 blockade studies
HER3 blocking antibody	Ab182754	Lumretuzumab (anti-ERBB3)	Carrier Free, Recombinant, ExactAb™, Low Endotoxin, Azide Free, Validated, Animal Free, ≥95%(SDS-PAGE&SEC-HPLC), See COA	Used for HER3 pathway intervention studies
HER3 blocking antibody	Ab170705	Patritumab (anti-ERBB3)	Carrier Free, Recombinant, ExactAb™, Low Endotoxin, Azide Free, Validated, Animal Free, ≥95%(SDS-PAGE&SEC-HPLC), See COA	Used for HER3 blockade and HER2-HER3 compensatory axis studies
HER3 ADC-related antibody	Ab183315	Patritumab deruxtecan (anti-ERBB3)	Carrier Free, Recombinant, ExactAb™, Low Endotoxin, Azide Free, Validated, Animal Free, ≥90%(SDS-PAGE&SEC-HPLC), See COA	Used for HER3-targeted delivery and antibody-drug conjugate-related studies
HER3 blocking antibody	Ab175653	Seribantumab (anti-ERBB3)	Carrier Free, Recombinant, ExactAb™, Low Endotoxin, Azide Free, Validated, Animal Free, ≥95%(SDS-PAGE&SEC-HPLC), See COA	Used for HER3 blockade studies
HER2 blocking antibody	Ab190134	Timigutuzumab (anti-ERBB2)	Carrier Free, Recombinant, ExactAb™, Low Endotoxin, Azide Free, Validated, Animal Free, ≥95%(SDS-PAGE&SEC-HPLC), See COA	Used for HER2 blockade studies
HER2 ADC-related antibody	Ab183313	Trastuzumab deruxtecan (anti-ERBB2)	Carrier Free, Recombinant, ExactAb™, Low Endotoxin, Azide Free, Validated, Animal Free, ≥90%(SDS-PAGE&SEC-HPLC)	Used for HER2-targeted delivery and ADC-related studies
HER2 ADC-related antibody	Ab175686	Trastuzumab emtansine (anti-ERBB2)	Carrier Free, Recombinant, ExactAb™, Low Endotoxin, Azide Free, Validated, Animal Free, ≥90%(SDS-PAGE&SEC-HPLC), See COA	Used for HER2-targeted delivery and ADC-related studies

Table 5. Downstream ERK Validation Tools for the ErbB Pathway

Category	Catalog No.	Product Name	Grade and Purity	Suitable Research Direction / Use
ERK1 antibody	Ab326226	ERK1 Mouse mAb	KD Validation	Used for ERK1 protein detection
ERK1 recombinant antibody	Ab102223	Recombinant ERK1 Antibody	ExactAb™, Validated, Recombinant, High performance, 2mg/mL	Used for ERK1 detection and methodological validation
ERK1 recombinant antibody	Ab327126	Recombinant ERK1 Antibody	KD Validation	Used for ERK1 detection
ERK1 recombinant antibody	Ab327125	Recombinant ERK1 Antibody	KD Validation	Used for ERK1 detection
ERK1/2 recombinant antibody	Ab326841	Recombinant ERK1/2 Antibody	KD Validation	Used for total ERK1/2 protein detection
ERK1 recombinant protein	rp184918	Recombinant Human ERK1 Protein	Carrier Free,Bioactive,ActiBioPure™,His Tag,≥85%(SDS-PAGE),See COA	Used for in vitro functional studies of ERK1
ERK1 ELISA	EJ1512223	Rat Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase 1(ERK1) ELISA Kit	BioReagent	Used for quantitative detection of rat ERK1
ERK1 ELISA	EJ1513045	Mouse Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase 1 (ERK1) ELISA Kit	BioReagent	Used for quantitative detection of mouse ERK1
ERK2 antibody	Ab102232	ERK2 Mouse mAb	Carrier Free, ExactAb™, Azide Free, Validated, High Performance, See COA	Used for ERK2 protein detection
ERK2 recombinant antibody	Ab102233	Recombinant ERK2 Antibody	ExactAb™, Validated, Recombinant, 0.5 mg/mL	Used for ERK2 detection and methodological validation
ERK2 recombinant protein	rp184960	Recombinant Human ERK2 Protein	Carrier Free, Bioactive, ActiBioPure™, ≥90%(SDS-PAGE), See COA	Used for in vitro functional studies of ERK2
ERK1/2 inhibitor	E656204	ERK1/2 inhibitor 1	10mM in DMSO	Used for validation of downstream ERK1/2 dependence
ERK1/2 inhibitor	E650276	ERK1/2 inhibitor 1	≥99%	Used for validation of downstream ERK1/2 dependence
ERK1/2 inhibitor	E1435758	ERK1/2 inhibitor 10		Used for ERK pathway intervention
ERK1/2 inhibitor	E1418378	ERK1/2 inhibitor 11		Used for ERK pathway intervention
ERK1/2 inhibitor	E1435843	ERK1/2 inhibitor 3		Used for ERK pathway intervention
ERK1/2 inhibitor	E1435684	ERK1/2 inhibitor 4		Used for ERK pathway intervention
ERK1/2 inhibitor	E1435818	ERK1/2 inhibitor 5		Used for ERK pathway intervention
ERK1/2 inhibitor	E651535	ERK1/2 inhibitor 7	≥98%	Used for ERK1/2 inhibition validation
ERK1/2 inhibitor	E1496954	ERK1/2 inhibitor 7	Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO	Used for ERK1/2 inhibition validation
ERK1/2 inhibitor	E1435821	ERK1/2 inhibitor 8		Used for ERK pathway intervention
ERK1/2 inhibitor	E1435910	ERK1/2 inhibitor 9		Used for ERK pathway intervention
ERK2 inhibitor	E1435561	ERK2 IN-1		Used for selective ERK2 inhibition studies
ERK2 inhibitor	E1435760	ERK2 IN-5		Used for selective ERK2 inhibition studies
ERK2 allosteric inhibitor	E1435681	ERK2 allosteric-IN-1		Used for allosteric ERK2 inhibition studies
ERK2 inhibitor	E1435775	ERK2-IN-3		Used for ERK2 inhibition studies
ERK2 inhibitor	V127492	VX-11e	Moligand™, ≥98%	Used for classical validation of ERK2 inhibition

The core of the ErbB family pathway does not lie in whether each of the four members can be activated individually, but in how ligand type, dimerization pattern, downstream signaling bias, and feedback regulation jointly determine the final output. EGFR, HER2, HER3, and HER4 are structurally similar, yet markedly asymmetric in ligand binding, kinase capacity, PI3K recruitment efficiency, and tissue function. This asymmetry is precisely the source of the complexity and research value of the ErbB network.

For more related articles, please see below:

[1] Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK Signaling

[2] Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway

[3] How to Map the NF-κB Pathway and Choose Inhibitors: Bringing Inflammatory Transcriptional Output into a “Controllable Range” (Tables A–F)

[4] Metabolic signaling pathway

[5] Wnt Signaling

[6] Hedgehog Signaling

[7] JAK-STAT Cell Signaling Pathway

[8] PD-1/PD-L1 Signaling Pathway

References

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[3] Yuan TC, Lin FF, Veeramani S, Chen SJ, Earp HS 3rd, Lin MF. ErbB-2 via PYK2 upregulates the adhesive ability of androgen receptor-positive human prostate cancer cells. Oncogene. 2007 Nov 29;26(54):7552-7559. Epub 2007 Jun 11.

[4] Newbern J, Birchmeier C. Nrg1/ErbB signaling networks in Schwann cell development and myelination. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2010 Dec;21(9):922-928. Epub 2010 Sep 9. Review.