Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death regulated by genes and protein networks. It mainly functions to eliminate senescent, damaged, abnormally proliferating, or functionally imbalanced cells. Typical apoptosis is characterized by cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, ...
The proteolytic enzyme network in cell injury involves calpains, caspases, cathepsins, MMP/ADAM family proteases, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Different proteolytic enzymes correspond to Ca²⁺ overload, apoptotic execution, lysosomal injury, extracellular matrix remodeling, and ...
Granzyme A (GZMA) and Granzyme B (GZMB) are serine proteases released by cytotoxic T cells, natural killer cells, and some NKT cells. They are key effector molecules in the perforin–granzyme cytotoxic system. GZMB is mainly associated with caspase-dependent apoptosis, the Bid–mitochondrial ...
Apoptosis is a programmed cell death process. Unlike necrosis, apoptosis is an orderly, gene-regulated, and active cell death process. Apoptosis plays an important role in the development of organisms, the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, the regulation of the immune system, and the occurrence ...
Apoptosis is a tightly regulated cell death mechanism, the core of which is the activation of caspases. Immunofluorescence staining is an effective technique that can simultaneously detect caspases and other apoptosis-related proteins in cell samples.
