Cytokines

In vitro T-cell activation commonly uses CD3/CD28 antibodies or PMA/Ionomycin stimulation to analyze TCR signaling, cell proliferation, metabolic reprogramming, cytokine secretion, and effector differentiation.

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) participates in local immune regulation through sensory nerves, autonomic nerves, Schwann cells, and satellite glial cells. Immune cells and the cytokines, chemokines, and inflammatory mediators they release can also reciprocally affect neuronal excitability, ...

The TH cell differentiation pathway is one of the most critical regulatory networks in the establishment of adaptive immune responses. Under the combined influence of antigen stimulation, costimulatory signals, and the cytokine microenvironment, naïve CD4+ T cells progressively differentiate ...

Aladdin® Target Proteins

The isolation and culture of BMDC (bone marrow-derived dendritic cells) is an important technique in immunology research. This protocol will introduce how to isolate immature bone marrow-derived dendritic cells from mice.

Enzyme -linked immunospot (ELISPOT) is a technique related to ELISA that is used to detect secreted proteins such as cytokines and growth factors .

The Interleukin (IL) family is a group of cytokines and development factors mainly derived from white blood cells, which play a key role in coordinating the immune response.

Ubiquitin is a small protein found in all eukaryotes. The covalent attachment of ubiquitin to intracellular proteins is called ubiquitination.

The basic function of acute inflammation is to recruit white blood cells from the circulating blood. These cells are mainly neutrophils, followed by monocytes that can differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells. Inflammatory reaction is accompanied by the degranulation and activation of ...

The TGF-β family (Transforming growth factor-beta family) includes members of TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, BMP (Bone morphogenetic protein), Activin, and Nodal, which play important roles in a variety of biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, extracellular ...

Macrophage stimulating protein (MSP) is a protein produced by macrophages. Macrophages play a variety of roles in the immune defense system, including a central role in innate or natural immunity, and were first described as phagocytes by Metchnikoff in the 19th century, and are now known to ...