MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathway: RAS–RAF–MEK–ERK Cascade Regulation, Cellular Functional Outputs, and Research Tool Applications

After cells are stimulated by growth factors such as EGF, FGF, and PDGF, why can ERK phosphorylation occur within minutes, while cellular proliferation, differentiation, migration, or survival states change over hours to days? In tumor cells, why can a single KRAS or BRAF mutation continuously ...