Stable Isotopes: Adding an “Invisible Barcode” to Molecules to Make Quantification, Tracing, and Source Attribution More Reliable (with Selection Guide and Product Tables 1–3)

Stable isotopes can be understood as “different-weight versions” of the same element (different numbers of neutrons). They are non-radioactive and chemically very similar to the common (light) forms, but can be clearly distinguished by mass spectrometry or isotope-ratio instruments. ...