Experiments on identification of stem, wood and skin Chinese medicines
Experiments on identification of stem, wood and skin Chinese medicines
The purpose of this experiment is to master the mulberry, mistletoe, mouton, dahuangteng, sumac, chickweed, Tongzhi, hook vine, cinnamon, eucommia, Xiangjiappi, geomangpi, baixianpi, and other herbs of the traits of the identification characteristics; to master the thick Park, cinnamon, mouton, sumac, Qinpi powder microscopic, physicochemical characteristics, and understanding of commonly used medicinal herbs, so as to do to the drug well-known.
Operation method
microscopic observation
Materials and Instruments
Herbs Move 1. Points to note for the identification of herbs For more product details, please visit Aladdin Scientific website.
Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Acetic Acid Ferric Chloride Alcohol Test Solution Calcium Hydroxide Test Solution
Laboratory equipment for microscopic identification Biological microscope Ultraviolet lamp Alcohol lamp Beaker Micro-sublimation device
(1) Morus alba
The surface of stem and branches is reddish brown or grayish brown, the skin part of the section is reddish brown, easy to separate from the wood part, the wood part is light in color, it is easy to see the annual rings, the rays are obvious, and there is a small shaped pith in the center.
(2) Mistletoe
Stem and branches with yellowish green, golden yellow or yellowish brown surface, forked branches, nodes expanded with purple-black rings, easy to break off at the nodes. Section of the skin part of the yellow, wood part of the lighter color, rays radial. Pith small, often to one side.
(3) Mouton
Vine stem cylindrical, often slightly twisted. Surface gray-brown or gray-brown, outer skin rough with many irregular cracks or longitudinal grooves, with raised lenticels, nodes expanded or inconspicuous. Section is not neat, cortex thicker, yellowish brown, yellowish granular dots can be seen; xylem yellowish white, rays are arranged radially. Pith small or sometimes hollow, yellowish white or yellowish brown.
(4) Da Xue Teng (大血藤)
The vine stem is cylindrical, slightly curved, the surface is gray-brown, rough, the embolic bark is sometimes flaky and reveals dark reddish brown or reddish brown endothelial bark, some can see expanded nodes and slightly concave branch scars or leaf scars. Flat cross section of cortex reddish brown annular, embedded in wood in six places, wood yellowish white, conduit pores clearly visible, separated by reddish brown rays, arranged in a radial pattern. Central pith reddish brown. Firm and light, fracture surface lobed.
(5) Sumac
(heartwood) long cylindrical, blocky or flaky. Surface yellow-red to brown-red, red and yellow longitudinal stripes can be seen. The texture is hard and heavy, dense. Cross-section with annual rings.
(6) Chicken Blood Vine
The stem of the vine is flat and cylindrical. The reddish-brown cortex and light reddish-brown wood are arranged in several eccentric semicircular rings in the cross section. The small pores of the xylem conduit are obvious. The reddish-brown small-shaped pith is biased to one side.
(7) Tongzhi
The pith of the stem is cylindrical, with different lengths and thicknesses, white or yellowish surface, light, soft and slightly elastic, with a hollow or translucent rounded film in the center of the cross-section. The longitudinal section has transverse membrane, arranged in trapezoidal shape. Not sticky in water.
(8) Crocus sativus
It is a small section of stem branches with single hook, double hook or without hook, which is cylindrical or square column-like, with reddish brown to purplish red surface, smooth and glabrous, with fibrous cortex and yellow-white pith on the broken surface, which is lax and spongy, or shriveled up into a cavity.
(9) Cinnamon
Stem dry skin is grooved or rolled, the outer surface gray-brown, with irregular fine wrinkles and transverse raised lenticels, sometimes can see gray-white lichen spots; the inner surface is reddish-brown, with fingernail scratches can be seen oil marks. The section is uneven, the outer side is brown and rough, the inner side is reddish brown and oily, with a yellowish brown line in the middle (stone cell ring band). There is a strong special aroma, taste slightly sweet, spicy. According to the different processing methods, it can be divided into Guitong, Pengbian Gui, Pan Gui, Gui minced and so on.
(10) Cortex Eucommia
The dried stem skin is flattened plate-like or both sides are slightly rolled inward, the outer surface is light gray-brown or gray-brown, with rhomboid lenticels, some can see lichen spots; the inner surface is reddish purple or purple-brown, smooth. The section has fine silvery-white elastic glue threads connected, can be pulled to more than 1cm. Chewing with gluey feeling.
(11) Xiangjia Pi
The root bark is rolled or grooved, a few irregular pieces of flaky, light yellowish brown outer surface. The texture is loose and brittle, the section is yellowish-white, not neat. There is a strong aroma, bitter taste, slightly numb tongue.
(12) Bone Skin of the Earth
"Brown skin white without aroma". The root bark is cylindrical or grooved or irregularly rolled piece, the outer surface gray-yellow to brown-yellow, rough, easy to be scale-like peeling. Light, brittle. The section is uneven, the outer layer is yellowish brown, the inner layer is grayish white. Taste slightly sweet and bitter.
(13) White Fresh Peel
The root bark is rolled. The outer surface is gray-white or gray-yellow, with raised granular dots. The inner surface is white. The texture is brittle, when broken, there is dust flying, the section is slightly lamellar, peel off the skin, the light can be seen flashing small bright spots. Slightly bitter taste, with sheep stink.
2. Microscopic, physical and chemical identification
(1) Powdered Houpu
Brown color. Chloral hydrate test solution mounted microscopic examination.
Stone cells: more, a few colorless, square, oval, ovoid or irregularly branched, wall is very thick, lignified, pore grooves are obvious, sometimes visible laminae.
Fibers: very many, very thick wall, lignified, pore grooves are not obvious, cell lumen is linear, some are wavy or one side is jagged.
Oil cells: more numerous, ellipsoid or orbicular, containing yellowish brown oil.
Cork cells: surface view polygonal, wall slightly undulating and curved.
(2) Cinnamon powder
Reddish brown. Chloral hydrate mounts for microscopic examination.
Fibers: mostly single and scattered, long spindle-shaped, some with undulating curved walls.
Stone cells: square, rounded or triangular, wall often thickened on three sides, thin on one side.
Oil cells: round or oblong, with yellowish volatile oil droplets in the lumen.
Cork cells: polygonal, containing reddish brown material.
⑤ Calcium oxalate needle crystals: fine, scattered in the ray cells.
(3) Sublimation test
Take appropriate amount of powder of peony bark, sublimate in trace amount, the sublimated material can be observed under the microscope, long prismatic crystals or needle-like and pinnate clusters can be seen, and when ferric chloride alcohol solution is added dropwise on the crystals, the crystals will be dissolved and become dark purple. (Checking of salvinorin)
(4) Color reaction
Take a small piece of Sumac, drop calcium hydroxide test solution shows dark red.
(5) Fluorescence reaction
Take a little Qinpi, heated water immersion, the leachate in the sunlight visible blue fluorescence.