Single-salt toxicity and inter-ionic antagonism

Summary

The phenomena of single salt toxicity and inter-ionic antagonism are simple experiments to illustrate the importance of the balance of various ions (various ions and their concentrations) in the culture solution.

Principle

The basic principle of single-salt toxicity and inter-ionic antagonism is that any plant that is cultured in a single salt solution (or when a very pure salt is used to formulate a single-salt solution) will soon be in an abnormal state, which destroys the normal state of the plant's protoplasm and leads to toxicity, and ultimately to death. This phenomenon of single-salt poisoning. This phenomenon occurs even in single-salt solutions of elements that are essential to plants at very low concentrations. Especially, the toxicity of cations is more serious, because cations have a great influence on the physicochemical properties and physiological functions of protoplasm, such as ^K+ can make the protoplasm viscosity become smaller, while ^Ca2+ can make the protoplasm viscosity become larger. If a trace amount of another salt (cation) is added to the monosalt solution, the monosalt toxicity can be reduced or eliminated. The higher the ionic valence, the lower the concentration required to eliminate the toxic effect of the single salt, a phenomenon known as inter-ionic antagonism (antagonism).

Operation method

Single-salt toxicity and inter-ionic antagonism

Principle

The basic principle of single-salt toxicity and inter-ionic antagonism is that any plant that is cultured in a single salt solution (or when a very pure salt is used to formulate a single-salt solution) will soon be in an abnormal state, which destroys the normal state of the plant's protoplasm and leads to toxicity, and ultimately to death. This phenomenon of single-salt poisoning. This phenomenon occurs even in single-salt solutions of elements that are essential to plants at very low concentrations. Especially, the toxicity of cations is more serious, because cations have great influence on the physicochemical properties and physiological functions of protoplasts, such as K+ can make protoplasts less viscous, while Ca2+ can make protoplasts more viscous. If a trace amount of another salt (cation) is added to the monosalt solution, the monosalt toxicity can be reduced or eliminated. The higher the ionic valence, the lower the concentration required to eliminate the toxic effect of the single salt, a phenomenon known as inter-ionic antagonism (antagonism).

Materials and Instruments

Materials: maize seedlings.
Three to four days before the experiment, 100 full corn seeds were selected and soaked and germinated at room temperature. Roots were allowed to grow 1 cm and were used for the experiment.
Reagents:
① 0.12 mol・L
-1) 0.12 mol・L
KC1 solution;
② 0.06 mol・L
① 0.06 mol・L-1 KC1 solution; ② 0.06 mol・L-1
CaCl
2
solution;
③ 0.12 mol・L
-1
NaCl solution.
Equipment:
① Triangle bottle;
② Cotton.

Move

The basic process of single salt poisoning and inter-ionic antagonistic phenomena can be divided into the following steps:

Take five 250 mL triangular bottles labeled 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 and do the following:

Bottle 1 is filled with 100 mL of 0.12 ^mol・L-1 KCl solution;

Bottle No. 2 was filled with 100 mL of 0.06 ^mol・L-1 _CaCl2 solution;

Bottle No. 3 add 100 mL of 0.12 ^mol・L-1 NaCl solution;

No. 4 bottle with 100 mL of 0.12 ^mol・L-1 NaCl solution, 2.2 mL of 0.12 ^mol・L-1 KCl solution;

Bottle No. 5 was filled with 100 mL of 0.12 ^mol・L-1 NaCl solution, 1 mL of 0.06 ^mol・L-1 _CaCl2 solution, and 2.2 mL of 0.12 ^mol・L-1 KCl solution.

Fifteen uniformly sized corn seedlings were selected, and five plants were inserted into each vial, so that the roots were completely immersed in the solution, and the stems were wrapped with cotton to avoid bruising. Place the treatments in a place with little sunlight, aerate the bottles once a day, and replenish with distilled water to maintain the original volume of the solution in the bottles. After 1~2 weeks, observe and record the growth of stems, leaves and roots (Table 9-1).

Table 9-1 Record of plant growth cm

Beaker	Root development	Stem length
Root length	Deformity
1
2
3
4
5

Caveat

During the incubation period, keep hydrated and change the culture solution once.

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