A Panoramic Guide to Silicone Materials: Structural Mechanisms, Core Properties, Value Chain, and Product Categories

What Are Organosilicon / Silicone Materials?

1. Silicon and Inorganic Silicon Compounds

Silicon (Si) is one of the most abundant elements in the Earth’s crust, second only to oxygen. In nature, silicon mainly exists in inorganic forms such as silicates and silicon dioxide, found in rocks, sand, crystals, glass, and ceramics. For thousands of years, humans have utilized inorganic silicon materials to produce traditional products such as cement, ceramics, and glass, forming the foundation of construction and daily life.

2. Concept of Organosilicon

Unlike inorganic silicon, organosilicon (organosilicon compounds) refers to a broad class of compounds that contain both silicon–carbon (Si–C) bonds and organic groups within the molecule.

• Organosilicon compounds: Typically refer to “silicon compounds containing at least one Si–C bond.”
• Siloxanes: Emphasize the structural unit –Si–O–Si– (including oligomers such as D3/D4 as well as polymers).
• Silicones / silicone rubber / silicone fluids (oils) / silicone resins: In engineering and commercial contexts, these typically refer to “a family of material systems primarily based on polysiloxanes” (including fluids, elastomers, resins, etc.).

Organosilicon compounds were progressively synthesized and developed during the 20th century, with industrial production beginning in the 1940s. Since then, owing to their distinctive properties, silicones have rapidly spread across electronics, electrical engineering, construction, automotive, personal care, healthcare, and everyday consumer products. They are sometimes referred to as “the monosodium glutamate of industry”—not necessarily used in large amounts, but almost ubiquitous.

Structure and Core Properties of Silicones

1. Structural Features: Combining Advantages of “Glass” and “Plastics”

The main chain of typical silicone polymers (e.g., polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS) is –Si–O–Si–, while the backbone of common organic polymers (e.g., polyethylene, polypropylene) is –C–C–.

(1) High Si–O bond energy, more stable than C–C bonds → excellent heat resistance, oxidation resistance, and weatherability

(2) Large Si–O–Si bond angle and flexible chain segments → softness, low glass transition temperature (Tg), and a wide elastic working range

(3) Organic groups attached to silicon (methyl, phenyl, vinyl, fluoroalkyl, etc.) can tune hydrophobicity, flexibility, electrical properties, and low-temperature performance

Conceptually, the backbone is a siloxane framework with partial inorganic character (stable and weather-resistant), while the side groups are organic (providing flexibility and processability). With further crosslinking (e.g., silicone resins or vulcanized silicone rubber), the structure becomes closer to a “network-like” architecture.

2. Overview of Key Properties

These structural features confer a set of characteristic properties:

(1) Outstanding high- and low-temperature resistance: Typical silicone rubber can be used long-term at approximately –60 to 200 °C; special formulations can retain performance under more demanding conditions.

(2) Excellent weatherability: Highly stable against UV, ozone, humidity, acid rain, and other environmental factors; long-term outdoor use is less prone to chalking, cracking, or loss of elasticity.

(3) Good flexibility and elasticity: After stretching, compression, or bending, the material can recover well—especially suitable for sealing, cushioning, and vibration damping.

(4) Hydrophobicity and water resistance: Most silicones present low-polarity organic groups (e.g., methyl) at the surface, resulting in low surface energy and large contact angles, effectively providing water and moisture resistance.

(5) Excellent electrical insulation: Stable dielectric constant and volume resistivity across wide temperature and humidity ranges; suitable for insulating potting/encapsulation and insulating coatings.

(6) Chemical and biological inertness: Generally not reactive with many substances; certain grades exhibit good biocompatibility and can be used in medical and care applications (e.g., contact lenses, medical tubing, skin-contact materials).

Note: Swelling may occur in fuels/solvents; degradation may occur under strong acids/alkalis or harsh hydrothermal conditions; medical use must meet relevant biocompatibility and regulatory requirements.

(7) Surface-tuning capability: Silicone surface tension can be readily adjusted:

• As surfactants, they can improve wetting, leveling, and crater prevention;
• As mold-release or release agents, they can reduce adhesion for easy demolding/peeling.

These attributes make silicones indispensable functional materials in many applications.

Remarks:

• Chemical resistance is not universal: Most silicones are stable to water and mild acids/bases, but may degrade in strong acids/alkalis or strongly oxidative systems; PDMS may swell in nonpolar solvents/fuels/certain oils (one reason why fluorosilicones and FKM exist).
• “Biological inertness/medical use”: Only medical-grade materials that pass relevant regulations and biocompatibility testing are suitable for long-term human contact.
• Electrical/mechanical performance depends on formulation and environment: Fillers, flame retardants, moisture uptake, and contamination can significantly affect dielectric properties and volume resistivity.

Silicone Industry Value Chain and Major Products (From Feedstocks to End Use)

1. Three-Tier Overview of the Silicone Value Chain

From a value-chain perspective, silicones can be broadly divided into three tiers: silicone monomers → silicone intermediates → silicone polymers and formulated products. The table below shows their relationships and typical examples, helping establish a complete picture from upstream feedstocks to end-use materials.

Value-chain tier	Typical representative substances	Main sources / formation routes	Main downstream product categories	Common forms in lab/application
Silicone monomers	Organochlorosilanes: dimethyldichlorosilane, methyltrichlorosilane, phenyltrichlorosilane, vinyltrichlorosilane, 3-chloropropyltrichlorosilane, etc.	Starting from metallurgical silicon; via the Direct Process and related routes to produce mainly methylchlorosilanes as base monomers; other functional silanes are typically obtained by further functionalization of base monomers. These are foundational upstream feedstocks for the silicone industry.	Linear/cyclic siloxane oligomer intermediates; further used to produce silicone fluids, silicone rubber, silicone resins, silane coupling agents, etc.	Monomer reagents and coupling-agent precursors, commonly used in synthesis and mechanistic studies
Silicone intermediates	Linear/cyclic siloxane oligomers: hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO), hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D₃), octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D₄), dimethyl cyclosiloxane mixtures (DMC), etc.	Low-molecular-weight siloxanes obtained via hydrolysis, condensation, or cracking of monomers	Polymerized into long-chain polysiloxanes to form silicone fluids, silicone rubber, silicone resins, etc., with different viscosities/functionalities	Oligomeric siloxanes used as monomers/intermediates for further polymerization or modification
Silicone polymers & formulated products	Polysiloxanes and formulated products: silicone rubber, silicone fluids and modified silicone fluids, silicone resins, silane coupling agents, silicone gels and potting/encapsulation compounds, silicone pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA) and release coatings, specialty fluorosilicone materials, etc.	Based on intermediates; produced via polymerization and crosslinking, formulated with fillers, catalysts, additives, and other components	End-use structural and functional materials; the most commonly encountered in research, education, and engineering applications	RTV silicone rubbers, silicone fluids (various viscosities), silicone resin solutions, coupling agents, potting compounds, defoamers, coatings, PSA, release agents, etc.

2. Major Silicone Product Categories

2.1 Silicone Rubber (Silicone Elastomers)

Concept and features

Silicone rubber is an elastomer with a polysiloxane backbone. Among synthetic rubbers, it offers an exceptionally wide service temperature range and combines:

• Excellent high- and low-temperature resistance
• Good weathering, radiation, ozone, and damp-heat resistance
• Good electrical insulation and biological inertness

Typical applications: O-rings, gaskets, conductive keypads, medical tubing, kitchenware, baby products, wire and cable jackets, high-temperature seals, etc.

Classification by curing temperature / form

1. High-Temperature Vulcanized Silicone Rubber (HTV / HCR)

Based on high-molecular-weight gum, compounded with reinforcing fillers and peroxide or addition-curing crosslinkers, and vulcanized via high-temperature molding, extrusion, etc.

Commonly used for cable jackets, high-temperature seals, household appliance parts, etc.

2. Room-Temperature Vulcanized Silicone Rubber (RTV)

Based on low- to medium-molecular-weight, end-functional polysiloxanes; cures without high temperature.

• One-component RTV (RTV-1): Moisture-cures in air; commonly used for sealing and bonding glass, metals, and plastics.
• Two-component RTV (RTV-2): Cures after mixing components A and B at room or moderate temperature; suitable for potting, mold making, replication, etc.

3. Liquid Silicone Rubber (LSR)

Typically a two-component, addition-curing liquid system with good flowability, suitable for liquid injection molding (LIM) and fast curing at moderate or elevated temperature.

Commonly used for baby pacifiers, medical parts, keyboard covers, and high-requirement seals with complex shapes.

Brief classification by curing mechanism

• Peroxide-initiated crosslinking: Conventional high-temperature curing; mature process and broad applicability.
• Condensation curing: Involves moisture/hydroxyl participation and releases small-molecule byproducts (e.g., alcohols, oximes); common in certain RTV systems.
• Addition curing: Platinum-catalyzed hydrosilylation between Si–H and vinyl groups; no small-molecule byproducts, low shrinkage, good electrical properties; widely used in high-end encapsulation, mold making, and LSR.

2.2 Silicone Fluids and Modified Silicone Fluids, Emulsions, and Surfactants

Basic concept of silicone fluids

Silicone fluids are polysiloxanes that are flowable liquids at room temperature, generally linear in structure. Viscosity ranges from very low (near water) to very high (grease-like). Typical examples include:

• Methyl silicone fluid: the most widely used
• Methyl phenyl silicone fluid: improved high/low-temperature performance
• Functional silicone fluids containing amino, hydroxyl, epoxy, and other groups

Key properties of silicone fluids:

• Low viscosity–temperature coefficient; good heat/cold resistance and oxidation resistance
• Low surface tension; good lubricity, anti-stick, and mold-release performance
• Good electrical insulation; low corrosivity toward metals
• Many grades are colorless, odorless, and low in toxicity

Modified silicone fluids, emulsions, and surfactants

By introducing hydrophilic/lipophilic groups such as polyethers onto silicone chains, various modified silicone fluids and silicone surfactants can be obtained:

1. Polyether-modified silicone fluids: Combine low surface tension of silicone with hydrophilicity of polyethers; can form stable emulsions and are widely used in:

• Textile softeners and finishing agents
• Coating leveling agents and anti-crater additives
• Pesticide/agricultural adjuvants, etc.

2. Silicone emulsions: Silicone fluids emulsified in water for easier formulation (e.g., leather finishing, anti-fog glass treatments, water-repellent coatings).

3. Silicone defoamers: Typically silicone fluids combined with hydrophobic particles; provide fast foam knockdown and foam suppression, used in:

• Fermentation, papermaking, coatings, cleaning, wastewater treatment, and related systems.

Typical applications

1. Lubrication, anti-stick, waterproofing, and moisture resistance

2. Defoamers, mold-release agents, polishing agents

3. Hand-feel improvement and finishing for textiles, leather, and paper

4. Conditioning and film-forming agents in personal care (hair care, sunscreens, color cosmetics)

2.3 Silicone Resins (Silicone Resins)

Structure and features

Silicone resins are highly crosslinked, semi-inorganic polymers with a –Si–O–Si– backbone and organic substituents on silicon.

1. Resin-like intermediates are produced via hydrolysis and condensation of multifunctional organosilanes, followed by further crosslinking under heat or catalysis to form an infusible, insoluble thermoset three-dimensional network.

2. Common structural units include T units (RSiO₃/₂) and Q units (SiO₄/₂). (Silicone resins are typically obtained by hydrolysis/condensation of multifunctional silanes to form resins/intermediates; during application or upon heating/catalysis, further crosslinking occurs. After curing, an infusible/insoluble network forms. Structural units are often described using M/D/T/Q notation, where T and Q determine the crosslinked backbone.)

Key properties:

1. Good heat resistance: suitable for long-term use at elevated temperatures

2. Excellent weatherability and UV resistance

3. Stable dielectric properties

4. Good performance in water resistance, anti-mildew, smoke resistance, arc resistance, radiation resistance, etc.

Applications

1. Insulating varnishes, impregnation varnishes, and encapsulating varnishes for motors and electrical devices

2. High-temperature coatings, weather-resistant architectural coatings, powder coatings

3. Water-repellent penetrating coatings

4. Components in high-temperature adhesives and heat-resistant bonding systems

2.4 Silanes and Silane Coupling Agents

Basic structure and concept

Many silane coupling agents can be expressed by the general formula:

Y–R–SiX₃

• X: Hydrolyzable groups (e.g., –Cl, –OCH₃, –OC₂H₅), which can react with or strongly bond to inorganic surfaces such as glass, silica, metal oxides, and mineral fillers.
• Y: Organic reactive groups (e.g., vinyl, epoxy, amino, methacryloxy), which can react with or strongly bond to organic polymers such as resins and rubbers.
• R: A linking group (alkyl, aryl, etc.).

Because the molecule contains both an inorganic-affinitive part and an organic-affinitive part, silane coupling agents act as a “bridge” at inorganic/organic interfaces, significantly improving adhesion and interfacial performance.

Applications

• Glass fiber surface treatment in fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP)
• Surface treatment of fillers (e.g., fumed silica, talc, calcium carbonate) to improve dispersion and interfacial bonding in resins
• Improving adhesion to substrates such as glass, metals, and concrete in sealants and structural adhesives
• Water repellents and protective agents for stone and concrete surfaces
• Special surface functionalization: antistatic, anti-mildew, anti-fouling, anti-thrombogenic, etc.

2.5 Silicone Gels and Encapsulation (Potting) Materials

Silicone gel (Silicone Gel)

Silicone gel lies between a liquid and a solid elastomer and typically appears as a soft gel-like material with:

• Excellent electrical insulation and energy-absorbing cushioning properties
• Good gap-filling capability, buffering thermal expansion/contraction and mechanical shock

It is commonly used for internal protection of devices where maintainability and reworkability are required.

Silicone potting/encapsulation compounds

Potting compounds are typically two-component systems (addition-cure or condensation-cure) and can be formulated as:

• Soft type (gel-like): Suitable for protecting delicate components while also requiring heat dissipation
• Elastomeric type: Provides higher mechanical strength and environmental protection

They can also be formulated as thermally conductive, flame-retardant, high-temperature-resistant types, etc.

Application areas:

• Potting and encapsulation for electronic components, power modules, transformers, and coils
• LED drivers and lighting modules
• Power electronics protection in photovoltaics and energy storage systems
• Protection for sensors, ignition coils, and other devices operating long-term outdoors or in high-temperature environments

2.6 Silicone Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives and Release Coatings

In tapes, labels, and protective films, silicones mainly appear in two forms:

1. Silicone pressure-sensitive adhesives (Silicone PSA)

• Maintain tack and peelability across wide temperature ranges; good aging resistance
• Used for high-temperature tapes, electrical insulation tapes, protective films, etc.

2. Silicone release coatings (Release Coatings)

• Applied on release papers/films to provide stable, controllable release force
• Used as the “release liner” layer for labels, double-sided tapes, die-cut parts, protective films, etc.

2.7 Specialty Silicones and Silicone–Organic Hybrids

To meet specific service environments, silicones have developed many specialty branches:

1. Fluorosilicone rubber and fluorosilicone fluids

Fluorinated organic groups are introduced onto siloxane chains, combining resistance to oils, fuels, solvents, and weathering.

Used in harsh environments such as aerospace, oil and gas extraction, and automotive fuel systems for seals and lubrication systems.

2. Silicone–organic hybrids and silicone-modified resins

By introducing silanes or siloxane structures into organic resins (e.g., acrylics, polyurethanes, epoxies), materials such as:

• Silicone-modified acrylic resins
• Silicone-modified polyurethanes
• Silane-modified polyethers (MS Polymer), etc.

can be formed, significantly improving weatherability, water resistance, adhesion, and flexibility of coatings and sealants.

3. Specialty silicone fluids for personal care

Such as volatile silicones, network film-forming silicones, and ultra-slippery silicone fluids, widely used in sunscreens, color cosmetics (long-wear, waterproof), skincare, and haircare to deliver excellent skin feel and hair feel.

Note: Regulatory requirements for certain cyclic volatile siloxanes differ by region; formulation development should be evaluated against local compliance requirements and restricted-substance lists.

Representative Aladdin Silicone and Related Silicon-Based Products (Selected Examples)

Based on Aladdin’s current product portfolio, selected representative items are summarized by “product category + typical application,” covering organosilicon monomers, silicone intermediates, silicone fluids/hydrogen silicone fluids, silica materials, and elemental silicon series. This table lists only some typical catalog numbers from Aladdin’s silicone family to help illustrate the roles and features of different silicone material types in research and formulation development. Available grades, specifications, purities, and packaging options are more extensive. You are welcome to search the Aladdin website by CAS number or product reference number for more information and to match your specific experimental needs.

Category	CAS No.	Aladdin Cat. No.	Product name	Specification / Purity	Key features / applications
Organosilicon monomers / functional silanes	4420-74-0	M100619	(3-Mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane	≥95%	Mercapto silane coupling agent; metal surface modification; thiol-click reaction functionalization
Organosilicon monomers / functional silanes	2530-85-0	S111153	3-(Isobutenoyloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane	≥97%, contains 100 ppm BHT stabilizer	Methacrylate-functional silane; coupling agent for acrylic resins and UV-curable systems
Organosilicon monomers / functional silanes	919-30-2	A107147	3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS)	≥99%	Amino silane coupling agent; high-purity APTS for surface modification of fillers/glass, etc.
Organosilicon monomers / functional silanes	2550-06-3	C153383	3-Chloropropyltrichlorosilane	≥97% (GC)	Intermediate for chloropropyl-functional silanes and modified resin intermediates
Organosilicon monomers / functional silanes	2530-83-8	G107576	3-Glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane	≥97%	Epoxy silane coupling agent; used in epoxy resins and electrical encapsulation, etc.
Organosilicon monomers / functional silanes	75-94-5	T162726	Vinyltrichlorosilane	≥98% (GC)	Introduces vinyl groups for HTV rubber and resin crosslinking
Organosilicon monomers / functional silanes	78-08-0	T103647	Vinyltriethoxysilane (TEVS)	≥97%	Vinyltriethoxysilane (TEVS); crosslinker/coupling agent
Organosilicon monomers / functional silanes	2768-02-7	V162969	Vinyltrimethoxysilane	≥98% (GC)	Vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS); crosslinker/coupling agent
Organosilicon monomers / functional silanes	107-37-9	A337178	Allyltrichlorosilane	≥95%	Introduces unsaturated double bonds for copolymerization modification
Organosilicon monomers / functional silanes	18151-53-6	T162725	1,1,2-Trimethylpropyltrichlorosilane	≥96% (GC)	Branched-alkyl trichlorosilane; for silicone resins and hydrophobic surface modification
Organosilicon monomers / functional silanes	6233-20-1	C694712	2-Chloroethyltrichlorosilane	≥95%	Intermediate for subsequent grafting and functionalization
Organosilicon monomers / functional silanes	141-57-1	T118547	Propyltrichlorosilane	≥99%	Propyl-substituted silicone resin / hydrophobic treatment monomer
Organosilicon monomers / functional silanes	75-79-6	M104828	Methyltrichlorosilane	≥99%	Base monomer for silicone resins and crosslinkers
Organosilicon monomers / functional silanes	98-13-5	T113245	Phenyltrichlorosilane	≥98%	Introduces phenyl groups to improve heat resistance and refractive index
Organosilicon monomers / functional silanes	54076-73-2	N336595	Norbornenyl ethyl trichlorosilane	≥95%	Specialty unsaturated functional monomer
Organosilicon monomers / base monomers	75-78-5	D104810	Dimethyldichlorosilane	≥98.5% (GC)	Core monomer for organosilicon polymers such as PDMS
TEOS / silicate ester precursors	78-10-4	T110593	Tetraethyl orthosilicate	Reagent grade, ≥98%	Reagent-grade TEOS; sol–gel and silica film precursor
TEOS / silicate ester precursors	78-10-4	T110596	Tetraethyl orthosilicate	≥99% (GC)	High-purity TEOS; precursor for electronic-grade coatings and materials
TEOS / silicate ester precursors	78-10-4	T110594	Tetraethyl orthosilicate	PrimorTrace™, ≥99.999% metals basis	TEOS with ultralow metals basis; for trace-metal-controlled systems
TEOS / silicate ester precursors	78-10-4	T110595	Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS)	PrimorTrace™, ≥99.99% metals basis	High-purity, low-metals TEOS; for thin-film deposition and related uses
TEOS / silicate ester precursors	78-10-4	T434182	Tetraethyl orthosilicate	Packaged for deposition systems	Dedicated packaging for deposition systems
Silicone intermediates	556-67-2	O160041	Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4)	≥98% (GC)	Cyclic siloxane oligomer D4; key feedstock for silicone rubber/fluids
Silicone intermediates	541-05-9	H156955	Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3)	≥98% (GC)	Cyclic siloxane oligomer D3; PDMS chain-growth feedstock
Silicone intermediates	107-46-0	H105443	Hexamethyldisiloxane	≥99%	HMDSO; highly volatile siloxane for surface treatment/plasma cleaning
Silicone intermediates	107-46-0	H105444	Hexamethyldisiloxane	NMR grade, ≥99.7%	NMR-grade HMDSO: for spectroscopic testing sensitive to impurity peaks; may also serve as an internal standard/reference in certain systems (depending on method).
Silicone intermediates	999-97-3	H475794	Hexamethyldisilazane	99.9%	Strong hydrophobic surface treatment reagent; protecting-group reagent
Silicone intermediates	999-97-3	H106018	Hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS)	For GC derivatization, ≥99% (GC)	Common silylation reagent for GC derivatization, etc.
Silicone intermediates	69430-24-6	C194626	Cyclic polydimethylsiloxane	≥98%	Dimethyl cyclosiloxane mixture (DMC); intermediate for silicone fluid/rubber polymerization
Dimethyl silicone fluid	63148-62-9	D104763	Dimethyl silicone fluid	For oil bath, 180 °C	Silicone fluid for oil baths; suitable up to 180 °C
Dimethyl silicone fluid	63148-62-9	S1371822	Dimethyl silicone fluid	For oil bath, −30 °C to +250 °C	Wide-temperature-range oil-bath silicone fluid (−30 °C to +250 °C)
Dimethyl silicone fluid	63148-62-9	D104762	Dimethyl silicone fluid	Viscosity 100 ± 8 mPa·s	General-purpose lubrication/anti-stick; 100 mPa·s
Dimethyl silicone fluid	63148-62-9	D104767	Dimethyl silicone fluid	Viscosity 1000 ± 80 mPa·s	High-viscosity grade for rheology modification
PMX-200 dimethyl silicone fluid	63148-62-9	S104742	PMX-200 dimethyl silicone fluid	~10 mPa·s, neat (25 °C)	Low-viscosity flow agent
PMX-200 dimethyl silicone fluid	63148-62-9	S104749	PMX-200 dimethyl silicone fluid	~100 mPa·s, neat (25 °C)	General formulation grade
PMX-200 dimethyl silicone fluid	63148-62-9	S104752	PMX-200 dimethyl silicone fluid	~1000 mPa·s, neat (25 °C)	High-viscosity grade for sealing/defoaming systems
PMX-200 dimethyl silicone fluid	63148-62-9	S104754	PMX-200 dimethyl silicone fluid	~60000 mPa·s, neat (25 °C)	Grease-like, ultra-high-viscosity system
Silicone fluid	63148-62-9	S433164	Silicone fluid	5 cSt (25 °C)	Low-viscosity silicone fluid (5 cSt) for lubrication/spreading
Silicone fluid	63148-62-9	S433163	Silicone fluid	100000 cSt (25 °C)	Ultra-high-viscosity silicone fluid (100000 cSt) for damping/sealing
Polydimethylsiloxane	63148-62-9	H431357	Polydimethylsiloxane	Viscosity 0.65 cSt (25 °C)	Ultra-low-viscosity PDMS for solvent-based/surface modification uses
Hydrogen silicone fluid	63148-57-2	P742455	Polymethylhydrosiloxane	15–40 mm²/s	PMHS containing Si–H; used for water-repellent finishing/crosslinking
Hydrogen silicone fluid	63148-57-2	P477954	Polymethylhydrosiloxane (trimethylsiloxy-terminated)	~3 cSt	Low-viscosity, trimethylsiloxy-terminated PMHS
Hydrogen silicone fluid	9004-73-3	P107083	Poly(methylhydrosiloxane)	15–40 mPa·s (20 °C)	Poly(methylhydrosiloxane); used as crosslinker/reducing agent
Silica powder	7631-86-9	S104573	Silicon dioxide	AR, Light	General AR-grade silica powder for routine laboratory use
Silica powder	7631-86-9	S104604	Silicon dioxide	≥99.9% metals basis	High-purity (low-metals) silica powder for high-purity materials/electronic uses
Mesoporous silica	7631-86-9	S433664	Mesoporous silicon dioxide	≥99% metals basis, SBA-15	SBA-15 mesoporous silica for materials research
Nano silica	7631-86-9	S104596	Nano silicon dioxide	≥99.5% metals basis, 30 nm	30 nm nano-silica; high-purity (low-metals) grade
Silica reference material	7631-86-9	S119594	Reference material for SSA, total pore volume, and pore diameter (mesoporous silica)	SSA: 511 m²/g; TPV: 0.806 cm³/g; pore diameter: 6.31 nm	Reference material for mesoporous silica SSA/porosity/pore size
Silica reference material	7631-86-9	S119579	Thermal analysis reference material (silica)	Phase transition temperature: 574.29 °C	Silica phase-transition-temperature reference material for thermal analysis
Silica standard solution	7631-86-9	S104579	Silicon dioxide standard solution	Analytical standard, 1000 µg/mL in 0.05 mol/L NaOH	1000 µg/mL silica standard solution for elemental analysis
Silica standard solution	7631-86-9	S104580	Silicon dioxide standard solution	Analytical standard, 100 mg/L in 0.05% Na₂CO₃	100 mg/L silica standard solution for water/environmental analysis
Silica crystal / bulk	7631-86-9	S140828	Silicon dioxide crystal	PrimorTrace™, ≥99.99% metals basis, Ø2 mm × 10 mm, cylinder	High-purity silica crystal cylinder for optics/reference materials
Silica micropowder	7631-86-9	S409422	Silica micropowder	≥99.7% metals basis, spherical, 28.5 µm	Spherical silica micropowder (28.5 µm) for fillers/rheology modification
Magnetic SiO₂ microspheres (SLC)	7631-86-9	M120229	Core–shell magnetic silica microspheres (SLC)	Matrix: SiO₂; surface: –SiOH; 4–5 µm; 10 mg/mL in PBS	–SiOH surface; 4–5 µm; general capture applications
Magnetic SiO₂ microspheres (SLC)	7631-86-9	M120213	Core–shell magnetic silica microspheres (SLC)	Matrix: SiO₂; surface: –NH₂; 3–4 µm; 10 mg/mL in PBS	–NH₂ surface; 3–4 µm; bio-conjugation
Magnetic SiO₂ microspheres (SLC)	7631-86-9	M120218	Core–shell magnetic silica microspheres (SLC)	Matrix: SiO₂; surface: –COOH; 3–4 µm; 10 mg/mL in PBS	–COOH surface; 3–4 µm; protein immobilization
Magnetic SiO₂ microspheres (SLC)	7631-86-9	M120220	Core–shell magnetic silica microspheres (SLC)	Matrix: SiO₂; surface: Epoxy; 0.1–1 µm; 5 mg/mL in PBS	Epoxy surface; 0.1–1 µm; high specific surface area
Magnetic SiO₂ microspheres (SLE)	7631-86-9	M120191	Embedded magnetic silica microspheres (SLE)	Matrix: SiO₂; surface: –NH₂; 1–2 µm; 10 mg/mL	–NH₂ surface; 1–2 µm
Magnetic SiO₂ microspheres (SLE)	7631-86-9	M120208	Embedded magnetic silica microspheres (SLE)	Matrix: SiO₂; surface: –SiOH; 3–4 µm; 10 mg/mL in PBS	–SiOH surface; 3–4 µm
Magnetic SiO₂ microspheres (SLE)	7631-86-9	M120198	Embedded magnetic silica microspheres (SLE)	Matrix: SiO₂; surface: –COOH; 3–4 µm; 10 mg/mL in PBS	–COOH surface; 3–4 µm
Magnetic SiO₂ microspheres (SLE)	7631-86-9	M120203	Embedded magnetic silica microspheres (SLE)	Matrix: SiO₂; surface: Epoxy; 3–4 µm; 10 mg/mL in PBS	Epoxy surface; 3–4 µm
Monodisperse SiO₂ microspheres	7631-86-9	M120353	Monodisperse silica microspheres	300 nm; 2.5% (w/v) in ethanol	Bare monodisperse SiO₂ microspheres; 300 nm; ethanol dispersion
Monodisperse SiO₂ microspheres	7631-86-9	M120357	Monodisperse silica microspheres	2.0 µm; 2.5% (w/v) in ethanol	Bare monodisperse SiO₂ microspheres; 2 µm; ethanol dispersion
Monodisperse SiO₂–NH₂ microspheres	7631-86-9	M120371	Amino-functionalized monodisperse silica microspheres	Amino; 300 nm; 2.5% (w/v) in ethanol	Amino-functionalized microspheres for bio-conjugation
Monodisperse SiO₂–COOH microspheres	7631-86-9	M120362	Carboxyl-functionalized monodisperse silica microspheres	Carboxyl; 300 nm; 2.5% (w/v) in ethanol	Carboxyl-functionalized microspheres for protein/amine coupling carriers
Elemental silicon / bulk	7440-21-3	S108980	Silicon	PrimorTrace™, ≥99.99% metals basis, 1–3 mm	High-purity silicon lumps (1–3 mm) for materials and alloy research
Elemental silicon / powder	7440-21-3	S434691	Silicon	≥99.998% metals basis, powder, >60 mesh	Ultra-high-purity silicon powder (>60 mesh) for low-metals applications
Elemental silicon / powder	7440-21-3	S434690	Silicon	≥99% metals basis, powder, −325 mesh	General high-purity silicon powder (−325 mesh)
Elemental silicon / powder	7440-21-3	S108981	Silicon	PrimorTrace™, ≥99.99% metals basis, 40–200 mesh	High-purity silicon powder (40–200 mesh), PrimorTrace™
Elemental silicon / powder	7440-21-3	S401567	Silicon powder	≥99.9% metals basis, 1–3 µm	High-purity micron silicon powder (1–3 µm) for fillers/sintering
Elemental silicon / powder	7440-21-3	S108978	Silicon powder	PureSpectra™, spectroscopic grade	PureSpectra™ spectroscopic-grade silicon powder for spectral/optical analysis
Elemental silicon / nano powder	7440-21-3	S278710	Nano silicon powder	≥99.9% metals basis, 60–100 nm	Nano silicon powder (60–100 nm) for nanomaterials research
Elemental silicon / target	7440-21-3	S434734	Silicon	PrimorTrace™, ≥99.999% metals basis, sputtering target, 2.00 in × 0.25 in	High-purity silicon sputtering target for thin-film deposition
Elemental silicon / single crystal wafer	7440-21-3	S434708	Silicon	Plate 40 × 40 mm, thickness 3.0 mm, single crystal, p-type, 100	Single-crystal silicon wafer 40 × 40 × 3 mm, p-type, for devices and teaching
Elemental silicon / standard solution	7440-21-3	S115456	Silicon standard solution	1000 µg/mL in 0.05 mol/L NaOH	1000 µg/mL silicon standard for elemental analysis/ICP
Elemental silicon / nano powder	7440-21-3	S434736	Silicon	Nano powder <100 nm (BET), <3% oxygen passivation	Nano silicon powder <100 nm with mild oxygen passivation

Typical Application Areas of Silicones

Application area	Main silicone material categories	Typical products / usage points	Role of silicones
Construction & infrastructure	Silicone rubber, silicone resins, silane coupling agents, water repellents/protectants	Curtain-wall structural adhesives, weatherproof sealants, door/window seals; exterior wall water repellents, stone protectants; waterproof coatings, silicone-modified weather-resistant coatings	Long-term weatherproof sealing, water/moisture resistance; improved coating durability and UV aging resistance; enhanced adhesion of coatings/adhesives to glass, metals, concrete, etc.
Electronics, power & new energy	Silicone gels and potting compounds, silicone rubber, thermally conductive silicone greases/fluids, silicone resins	Encapsulation of electronic modules/transformers/coils; thermal greases and thermally conductive potting compounds; insulating coatings, cable jackets, seals for power equipment	Electrical insulation, moisture protection, and vibration damping; thermal pathways for heat dissipation; reliability and service life under high temperature, high voltage, and hot-humid environments
Automotive & transportation	Silicone rubber, specialty fluorosilicone rubber, silicone resins, silicone fluids	Seals in engine bay and body; wire-harness jackets, ignition-coil potting; lamp sealing and waterproofing; weather-resistant sealing/bonding in interior parts; wipers and water strips	Maintains elasticity and sealing under heat, oil contamination, vibration, and outdoor exposure; improves waterproofing, dustproofing, and aging resistance; enhances interior weatherability and noise control
Personal care & daily chemicals	Silicone fluids, modified silicone fluids, silicone surfactants, film-forming silicones	Conditioning silicones in shampoos/conditioners; silicone film formers and SPF-boosting auxiliaries in sunscreens; long-wear waterproof feel enhancers in color cosmetics; slip agents in creams/serums	Improves skin/hair feel (smooth, soft, non-greasy); forms flexible breathable films for water/sweat resistance and long wear; enhances spreadability, application, and visual gloss
Healthcare & consumer products	Medical-grade silicone rubber, silicone gels, specialty silicone fluids	Medical catheters/drainage tubes/implant components; contact lenses, goggles, respirators; baby nipples/bottle parts; baking molds, seals, etc.	Leverages biostability, softness, and temperature resistance for safe, comfortable, washable, and sterilizable products; ensures stability and reliability during long-term human contact
Laboratory & research; industrial process control	Silicone defoamers, silicone fluids, silane coupling agents, RTV silicone rubber, potting compounds, silicone-based water/anti-stick coatings	Defoamers in reactors/fermentation/cleaning/wastewater; substrate surface treatment (silanes); sealing/insulation/potting under high temperature/strong UV/hot-humid conditions; formulation research for lubricity/anti-stick/waterproof coatings	Rapid foam knockdown and foam suppression for stable processes; improved adhesion/durability via coupling agents; reliable sealing/insulation/protection under harsh conditions; development of functional surfaces (anti-stick, water-repellent, anti-fouling, etc.)

Aladdin: https://www.aladdinsci.com/