Experiments on the toxic effects of single salts and the antagonism between ions

Summary

Observe the toxic effects of single salts on plants or the antagonistic effects between ions; thus, further understand the interaction of mineral elements and provide a theoretical basis for scientific research and agricultural production.

Operation method

Experiments on the toxic effects of single salts and the antagonism between ions

Principle

Any plant that is cultured in a single salt solution soon assumes an abnormal state and eventually dies. This phenomenon of single-salt toxicity occurs even in single-salt solutions with very low concentrations of elements that are essential to the plant. Especially, the toxicity of cations is more serious, because cations have a great influence on the physicochemical properties and physiological functions of protoplasts, such as K+ can make protoplasts less viscous, while Ca2+ can make protoplasts more viscous. If a trace amount of another salt (cation) is added to this single-salt solution, the single-salt toxicity can be reduced or eliminated. The higher the ionic valence, the lower the concentration required to eliminate the toxic effect of the single salt, a phenomenon known as inter-ionic antagonism (antagonism).

Materials and Instruments

Rice seedlings Corn seedlings
NaCl solution CaCl
250 ml triangular flask 200 ml measuring cylinder Paraffin Wax Undegreased cotton

Move

Three 250 ml triangular vials were taken and coated with paraffin on the inner surface and labeled 1, 2 and 3 as follows:

1. 200 ml of 0.05 mol-L-1NaCl solution was added to the bottles;

2. 200 ml of 0.05 mol-L-1CaCl2 solution was added to the bottles.

3. 100 ml of 0.05 mol-L-1NaCl solution and 100 ml of 0.05 mol-L-1CaCl2 solution were added to the bottle.

Fifteen maize seedlings of uniform size were selected and five were inserted in each bottle so that the roots were completely immersed in the solution and the stems were wrapped in cotton to avoid bruising. The treatments were placed in a place where the sunlight was not too strong, aeration was done once a day, and distilled water was replenished so that the solution in the bottles bowt the original volume. After 1-2 weeks, observe and record the growth of stems, leaves and roots. And briefly explain the reasons for this.

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