L-22 Signaling Pathway: Barrier-Oriented Signaling Features and Tissue Response Mechanisms
L-22 Signaling Pathway: Barrier-Oriented Signaling Features and Tissue Response Mechanisms
The IL-22 pathway is a highly specialized cytokine pathway in barrier tissue immunity. Its distinctive feature does not lie in directly driving immune cell-mediated cytotoxicity or lymphocyte expansion, but in converting information on infection, injury, and inflammation sensed by the immune system into functional remodeling programs in epithelial cells, hepatocytes, and certain parenchymal cells.
Keywords: IL-22; IL-22RA1; IL-10R2; STAT3; IL-22BP; barrier tissues; antimicrobial peptides; tissue repair
1 Functional Positioning of the IL-22 Pathway
1.1 Barrier Orientation
(1) Characteristics of target cells
One of the most representative features of IL-22 is that its principal targets are not immune cells, but epithelial cells in barrier tissues such as the intestine, respiratory tract, and skin, as well as certain hepatocytes and parenchymal cells. Unlike many inflammatory cytokines that act directly on lymphocytes or myeloid cells, the terminal effector cells of IL-22 are more often structural tissue cells.
(2) Functional logic
Accordingly, the principal task of the IL-22 pathway is not to amplify immune attack, but to enhance tissue response capacity. This response includes antimicrobial peptide production, reinforcement of the mucus barrier, epithelial regeneration, tissue repair, and metabolic adaptation.
1.2 Dual Properties of Tissue Protection and Pathological Amplification
(1) Protective output
In the context of acute infection, mucosal injury, and barrier disruption, IL-22 often functions as a tissue-protective factor. It can promote epithelial cell survival, repair, and expression of defense molecules, thereby limiting pathogen invasion and further tissue damage.
(2) Pathological output
However, in the setting of chronic inflammation, sustained cytokine stimulation, or aberrant epithelial responsiveness, IL-22 may also drive persistent proliferation, abnormal differentiation, and pathological remodeling. Therefore, IL-22 is not a simple protective factor, but a highly context-dependent pathway.
2 Cellular Sources and Inductive Context of IL-22
2.1 Sources from Adaptive Immunity
(1) Th17 cells
Th17 cells are one of the major sources of IL-22. In certain inflammatory settings, Th17 cells can produce both IL-17 and IL-22, but the functions of these two cytokines are not identical: IL-17 is more closely associated with inflammatory recruitment and neutrophil mobilization, whereas IL-22 is more closely associated with tissue responses and epithelial functional regulation.
(2) Th22 cells
Th22 cells more clearly represent the source specificity of IL-22. These cells are characterized by IL-22 secretion as one of their principal functions and are particularly associated with chronic inflammation and repair states in the skin and mucosal tissues.
2.2 Sources from Innate Immunity
(1) ILC3
At barrier sites such as the intestine, group 3 innate lymphoid cells are important early sources of IL-22. Compared with adaptive immune cells, ILC3 more clearly reflects the barrier-protective role of IL-22 during early infection and maintenance of homeostasis.
(2) γδT cells and other innate-like lymphocytes
γδT cells, NKT-like cells, and other innate-like lymphocytes can also produce IL-22 at specific sites, giving this pathway both rapid innate responsiveness and sustained adaptive regulatory properties.
2.3 Characteristics of Inductive Signals
(1) IL-23 dependence
IL-23 is one of the most important upstream inducers of IL-22 production, particularly in ILC3- and some Th17-related settings. Thus, IL-23 not only maintains inflammatory cell populations, but also serves as an important upstream node influencing IL-22-mediated tissue responses.
(2) Environmental dependence
Microbial stimulation, mucosal injury, inflammatory cytokines, and local metabolic status can all influence the magnitude of IL-22 production. For this reason, IL-22 levels often reflect the intensity of immune-epithelial dialogue after tissue challenge.
3 Receptor Structure and Tissue Selectivity of the IL-22 Pathway
3.1 Composition of the Receptor Complex
(1) IL-22RA1
IL-22 first binds the high-affinity receptor chain IL-22RA1. Expression of this molecule is the key prerequisite determining whether a cell can respond to IL-22.
(2) IL-10R2
IL-10R2 functions as the shared receptor chain that participates in receptor complex assembly and completes downstream signal transduction. Although IL-10R2 is broadly expressed, in the absence of IL-22RA1 cells still cannot mount a typical IL-22 response.
3.2 Receptor Expression Determines Pathway Directionality
(1) Tissue restriction
IL-22RA1 is mainly expressed in epithelial cells and certain non-hematopoietic cells, whereas it is not highly expressed in most immune cells. This distribution pattern defines the essential tissue-oriented nature of IL-22 signaling.
(2) Division of labor between immune cells and tissue cells
Accordingly, the typical division of labor in the IL-22 pathway is that immune cells produce IL-22, whereas tissue cells execute defense, repair, and remodeling programs. The key to the pathway lies not in which cells produce IL-22, but in which cells respond to it.
Table 1. Tissue-Oriented Architecture of the IL-22 Pathway
Level | Major Components | Functional Significance |
Ligand source level | Th17, Th22, ILC3, γδT cells | Provide IL-22 input under conditions of injury and infection |
High-affinity receptor level | IL-22RA1 | Determines whether tissue cells are capable of responding |
Shared receptor level | IL-10R2 | Completes receptor complex assembly and signal transduction |
Responding cell level | Intestinal epithelium, respiratory epithelium, skin epithelium, hepatocytes, etc. | Execute antimicrobial, repair, and remodeling programs |
4 Classical Signal Transduction Mechanisms of the IL-22 Pathway
4.1 JAK-STAT Main Axis
(1) Activation of JAK1/TYK2
After IL-22 binds its receptor, intracellular signaling is mainly initiated through JAK1 and TYK2. This step is critical for converting IL-22 input as a tissue-directed factor into intracellular transcriptional activation.
(2) STAT3-dominant output
STAT3 is the most central downstream transcription factor of IL-22. Most IL-22-associated protective effects, including induction of antimicrobial peptides, epithelial survival, repair, and regeneration, are closely linked to STAT3 activation.
4.2 Accessory Branches
(1) STAT1 and STAT5
In some systems, IL-22 can activate not only STAT3, but also STAT1 or STAT5. This means that IL-22 output is not a single fixed pattern, but rather displays cell type-dependent variability.
(2) MAPK branches
Branches such as ERK, JNK, and p38 can also be engaged by IL-22 in certain epithelial models and contribute to proliferation, stress responses, and tissue remodeling-associated programs.
5 Core Functional Features of the IL-22 Pathway
5.1 Antimicrobial Defense Function
(1) Induction of antimicrobial peptides
IL-22 promotes the expression of multiple antimicrobial defense molecules, which is one of its most representative functions. It does not directly kill pathogens, but instead drives epithelial cells into a more defensive state.
(2) Enhancement of local defense
This effect is particularly important at sites of high microbial exposure such as the intestine and respiratory tract, making IL-22 a “tissue response-type cytokine” in barrier defense.
5.2 Barrier Repair Function
(1) Epithelial survival and regeneration
IL-22 can enhance epithelial cell survival and promote regeneration and tissue reconstruction after injury. Unlike purely inflammatory cytokines, IL-22 has a relatively clear repair-oriented character.
(2) Maintenance of barrier continuity
By promoting repair and improving structural integrity, IL-22 helps maintain epithelial continuity and reduces the opportunity for further penetration by microbes and inflammatory mediators.
5.3 Tissue Remodeling Function
(1) Short-term remodeling
In acute injury, IL-22-induced remodeling is usually protective and helps tissues recover from damage.
(2) Long-term remodeling
Under conditions of sustained high expression, such remodeling may shift from repair toward abnormal proliferation and pathological change. Therefore, the risk of IL-22 lies not in whether it acts, but in how long it acts and under what conditions it acts.
Table 2. Major Functional Levels of the IL-22 Pathway
Functional Level | Main Target Cells | Main Outputs |
Antimicrobial defense | Barrier epithelial cells | Antimicrobial peptides, enhanced local defense |
Repair and regeneration | Epithelial cells, certain parenchymal cells | Survival, proliferation, post-injury reconstruction |
Barrier maintenance | Mucosal epithelium | Barrier continuity and homeostatic maintenance |
Pathological remodeling | Epithelial cells in chronically inflamed tissues | Abnormal proliferation, sustained hyperresponsiveness |
6 Relationship Between IL-22 and IL-17
6.1 Synergistic Rather Than Identical
(1) Functional division of labor
IL-17 and IL-22 often appear together, but they are not equivalent. IL-17 is more closely associated with inflammatory recruitment and local inflammatory amplification, whereas IL-22 is more closely associated with tissue response and remodeling of epithelial programs.
(2) Mechanism of synergy
In barrier inflammation, IL-17 provides the inflammatory background and defense-related recruitment signals, whereas IL-22 provides epithelial reinforcement and repair signals. When acting together, they may enhance defense, but they may also amplify chronic pathological responses.
6.2 Pathological Significance
(1) Acute infection
In acute infection, this synergy often facilitates rapid pathogen control and tissue repair.
(2) Chronic inflammation
In chronic disease, however, persistent coexistence of IL-17 and IL-22 may promote sustained inflammation and abnormal tissue remodeling.
7 IL-22BP: The Most Distinctive Antagonistic Layer of the IL-22 Pathway
7.1 Molecular Positioning
(1) Soluble antagonistic protein
IL-22BP is the most characteristic negative regulatory molecule of IL-22. Unlike many pathways that rely on membrane receptor-mediated negative feedback, the IL-22 pathway has a highly defined extracellular neutralizing layer.
(2) Antagonistic mechanism
IL-22BP binds IL-22 and thereby prevents it from contacting the membrane receptor complex, reducing the effective signaling intensity.
7.2 Biological Significance
(1) Balancing protection and pathology
The presence of IL-22BP prevents IL-22 from driving repair and proliferation without restraint. At its core, it helps tissues distinguish the boundary between “repair is needed” and “the response should stop.”
(2) Interpretive value
Therefore, in many disease models, the critical factor to examine is not IL-22 alone, but the relative balance between IL-22 and IL-22BP.
8 Disease Associations of the IL-22 Pathway
8.1 Intestinal Diseases
(1) Mucosal protective context
When the intestinal barrier is damaged, IL-22 usually contributes to epithelial recovery and reinforcement of defense and thus often functions as a protective factor.
(2) Chronic inflammatory context
However, in chronic enteritis, persistent IL-22 signaling may also maintain abnormal epithelial responses over time, resulting in coexistence of protection and pathology.
8.2 Skin Diseases
(1) Pathology associated with epithelial hyperplasia
Because IL-22 acts strongly on epithelial cells, sustained hyperactivation in the skin is more readily associated with abnormal keratinization and excessive epithelial proliferation.
8.3 Liver and Metabolism-Related Tissues
(1) Protection of parenchymal cells
IL-22 exerts protective and regenerative effects on certain parenchymal cells and therefore may function as a tissue-protective factor in some liver injury models.
(2) Metabolic remodeling
IL-22 can also influence the metabolic state of epithelial and parenchymal tissues, indicating that this pathway is not limited to inflammatory control, but also has extended implications in metabolic regulation.
9 Experimental Investigation and Data Interpretation of the IL-22 Pathway
9.1 Common Readouts
(1) Source-level indicators
The proportion of IL-22-producing cells and IL-22 protein levels can reflect the intensity of pathway input.
(2) Receptor-level indicators
Expression of IL-22RA1 determines whether tissue cells are capable of responding and is a more informative tissue-specific indicator than IL-10R2.
(3) Signaling-level indicators
p-STAT3 is the most important direct readout of the IL-22 pathway and should be prioritized as the classical activation marker.
(4) Functional-level indicators
Expression of antimicrobial peptides, epithelial proliferation, barrier repair, abnormal hyperplasia, and changes in metabolism-related molecules are the terminal readouts that truly reflect the functional direction of IL-22 signaling.
9.2 Common Interpretive Biases
(1) Assessing IL-22 alone without IL-22BP
If IL-22BP is not evaluated simultaneously, the effective IL-22 signaling intensity in tissues is often misjudged.
(2) Assessing inflammation alone without tissue status
The key feature of IL-22 is tissue responsiveness. If only immune cells are examined and epithelial status is ignored, the pathway is difficult to understand accurately.
(3) Mechanistically opposing protection and pathogenicity
IL-22 is not a pathway that is exclusively protective or exclusively pathogenic. Rather, it is a barrier response pathway whose output direction may shift across different time scales and tissue contexts.
Table 3. Key Readouts for Experimental Analysis of the IL-22 Pathway
Observation Level | Common Indicators | Methodological Significance |
Source level | IL-22-producing cells, IL-22 protein | Assessment of input intensity |
Receptor level | IL-22RA1, IL-10R2 | Assessment of whether tissue has the capacity to respond |
Antagonistic level | IL-22BP | Assessment of whether effective signaling is neutralized |
Classical transduction level | p-STAT3 | Assessment of whether the main pathway is activated |
Functional level | Antimicrobial peptides, repair, proliferation, barrier-related molecules | Assessment of terminal tissue effects |
10 Product Table Related to the IL-22 Pathway
Table 4. Core-Axis Product Table for the IL-22 Pathway
Product Type | Catalog No. | Name | Grade and Purity | Applicable Research Direction / Use |
IL-22 neutralizing antibody | Fezakinumab (anti-IL-22) | Carrier Free, Recombinant, ExactAb™, Low Endotoxin, Azide Free, Validated, Animal Free, ≥95%(SDS-PAGE&SEC-HPLC), See COA | Suitable for IL-22 neutralization, ligand blockade, and functional validation | |
IL-22 receptor-blocking antibody | ARGX-112 (anti-IL-22Ra) | Carrier Free, Recombinant, ExactAb™, Low Endotoxin, Azide Free, Validated, Animal Free, ≥95%(SDS-PAGE&SEC-HPLC), See COA | Suitable for IL-22RA blockade and receptor-level mechanistic studies | |
Human IL-22 recombinant protein | Recombinant Human IL-22 Protein | Animal Free,Carrier Free,Bioactive,ActiBioPure™,Azide Free,High Performance,His Tag,≥95%(SDS-PAGE),1mg/ml | Suitable for exogenous IL-22 stimulation and pathway activation | |
Human IL-22 recombinant protein | Recombinant Human IL-22 Protein | Animal Free,Carrier Free,His Tag,PBS Only,≥95%(SDS-PAGE),See COA | Suitable for IL-22 stimulation and functional validation | |
Mouse IL-22 recombinant protein | Recombinant Mouse IL-22 Protein | Animal Free,Carrier Free,Bioactive,ActiBioPure™,Azide Free,High Performance,His Tag,≥95%(SDS-PAGE) | Suitable for mouse IL-22 stimulation models | |
IL-22BP recombinant protein | Recombinant Human IL-22BP Protein | Animal Free,Carrier Free,Bioactive,ActiBioPure™,High Performance,His Tag,≥95%(SDS-PAGE),See COA | Suitable for studies of the IL-22BP antagonistic layer and ligand neutralization validation | |
Human IL-22 ELISA | Human Interleukin 22 (IL-22) ELISA Kit | BioReagent | Suitable for quantitative detection of human IL-22 | |
Rat IL-22 ELISA | Rat Interleukin-22(IL-22) ELISA Kit | BioReagent | Suitable for quantitative detection of rat IL-22 | |
Rat IL-22Rα2 ELISA | Rat Interleukin 22 Receptor Alpha 2 (IL-22Rα2) ELISA Kit | BioReagent | Suitable for detection of the IL-22BP/IL-22RA2-related antagonistic layer | |
Mouse IL-22 ELISA | Mouse Interleukin 22 (IL-22) ELISA Kit | BioReagent | Suitable for quantitative detection of mouse IL-22 |
Table 5. Product Table for the IL-22-STAT3 Main Axis
Product Type | Catalog No. | Name | Grade and Purity | Applicable Research Direction / Use |
p-STAT3 antibody | Recombinant Phospho-STAT3 (Tyr705) Antibody | KD Validation | Suitable for detection of p-STAT3 (Tyr705) in the classical IL-22 main axis | |
p-STAT3 antibody | Recombinant Phospho-STAT3 (Tyr705) Antibody | KD Validation | Suitable for detection of p-STAT3 (Tyr705) | |
Total STAT3 antibody | Recombinant STAT3 Antibody | Recombinant, ExactAb™, KD Validation, Validated, See COA | Suitable for total STAT3 protein detection | |
Total STAT3 antibody | Recombinant STAT3 Antibody | KD Validation | Suitable for total STAT3 protein detection | |
Total STAT3 antibody | Recombinant Stat3 Antibody | KD Validation | Suitable for total Stat3 protein detection | |
STAT3 Mouse mAb | STAT3 Mouse mAb | KD Validation | Suitable for STAT3 protein detection | |
Human STAT3 recombinant protein | Recombinant Human STAT3 Protein | Carrier Free, ≥90%(SDS-PAGE), See COA | Suitable for enzymatic and mechanistic studies of STAT3 | |
Human STAT3 recombinant protein | Recombinant Human STAT3 Protein | ≥95%(SDS-PAGE) | Suitable for functional studies of STAT3 protein | |
STAT3 siRNA | STAT3 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A |
| Suitable for STAT3 gene silencing studies | |
STAT3 knockout validation lysate | pLenti-STAT3-sgRNA |
| Suitable for STAT3 knockout validation and protein detection controls | |
STAT3 knockout validation lysate | pLenti-STAT3-sgRNA |
| Suitable for STAT3 knockout validation and RNA detection controls | |
STAT3 reporter lentivirus | Lenti-STAT3-TA-Luc-EF1α-mCherry-T2A-Puro | 10^8TU/ml | Suitable for reporter analysis of STAT3 transcriptional activity | |
Human STAT3 ELISA | Human Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription 3 (STAT3) ELISA Kit | BioReagent | Suitable for quantitative detection of human STAT3 | |
Human p-STAT3 ELISA | Human Solubility Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription 3 (p-STAT3) ELISA Kit | BioReagent | Suitable for quantitative detection of human p-STAT3 | |
Rat STAT3 ELISA | Rat Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription 3 (STAT3) ELISA Kit | BioReagent | Suitable for quantitative detection of rat STAT3 | |
Mouse STAT3 ELISA | Mouse Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription 3(STAT3) ELISA Kit | BioReagent | Suitable for quantitative detection of mouse STAT3 | |
Mouse p-STAT3 ELISA | Mouse Phosphorylation Signal Transducer and Activator Of Transcription 3 (p-STAT3) ELISA Kit | BioReagent | Suitable for quantitative detection of mouse p-STAT3 | |
STAT3 inhibitor | Galiellalactone | ≥95% | Suitable for functional blockade studies of STAT3 | |
STAT3 inhibitor | HJC0152 | ≥95% | Suitable for STAT3 inhibition studies | |
STAT3 inhibitor | S3I-201 | ≥96% | Suitable for functional blockade studies of STAT3 | |
STAT3 inhibitor | STA-21 (Ochromycinone) | ≥98% | Suitable for STAT3 inhibition studies | |
JAK/STAT3 inhibitor | WP1066 | Moligand™, ≥98% | Suitable for intervention studies on the downstream JAK/STAT3 axis of IL-22 | |
STAT3-IN-1 | STAT3-IN-1 | ≥98% | Suitable for STAT3 inhibition studies | |
STAT3-IN-1 | STAT3-IN-1 | 10mM in DMSO | Suitable for STAT3 inhibition experiments | |
STAT3 peptide inhibitor | Stat3 Peptide Inhibitor | ≥95% | Suitable for functional blockade studies of STAT3 | |
APT STAT3 | APT STAT3 | ≥99% | Suitable for STAT3-targeted intervention studies | |
APTSTAT3-9R | APTSTAT3-9R | ≥99% | Suitable for STAT3-targeted intervention studies | |
APTSTAT3-9R acetate | APTSTAT3-9R acetate | ≥95% | Suitable for STAT3-targeted intervention studies |
Table 6. Product Table for Validation of Auxiliary IL-22 Branches (STAT1/STAT5)
Product Type | Catalog No. | Name | Grade and Purity | Applicable Research Direction / Use |
Human STAT1 recombinant protein | Recombinant Human STAT1 Protein | Carrier Free,His Tag,≥95%(SDS-PAGE),See COA | Suitable for studies of the STAT1 auxiliary branch | |
Human STAT1 recombinant protein | Recombinant Human STAT1 Protein | Carrier Free, Bioactive, ActiBioPure™, ≥90%(SDS-PAGE), See COA | Suitable for functional studies of STAT1 | |
Mouse STAT1 recombinant protein | Recombinant Mouse STAT1 Protein | ≥90%(SDS-PAGE) | Suitable for mouse STAT1 studies | |
p-STAT1 antibody | Recombinant Phospho-STAT1 (S727) Antibody | KD Validation | Suitable for detection of p-STAT1 in the IL-22 auxiliary branch | |
STAT1 antibody | Recombinant STAT1 Antibody | Recombinant, ExactAb™, KD Validation, Validated, See COA | Suitable for total STAT1 protein detection | |
STAT1 Mouse mAb | STAT1 Mouse mAb | KD Validation | Suitable for STAT1 detection | |
STAT1 siRNA | STAT1 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A |
| Suitable for STAT1 gene silencing studies | |
In vivo Stat1 siRNA | In vivo Stat1 Mouse Pre-designed siRNA-1 |
| Suitable for in vivo Stat1 silencing studies in mice | |
In vivo Stat1 siRNA | In vivo Stat1 Mouse Pre-designed siRNA-2 |
| Suitable for in vivo Stat1 silencing studies in mice | |
In vivo Stat1 siRNA | In vivo Stat1 Mouse Pre-designed siRNA-3 |
| Suitable for in vivo Stat1 silencing studies in mice | |
STAT1 knockout validation lysate | pLenti-STAT1-sgRNA |
| Suitable for STAT1 knockout validation and protein detection controls | |
STAT1 knockout validation lysate | pLenti-STAT1-sgRNA |
| Suitable for STAT1 knockout validation and RNA detection controls | |
Human STAT1 ELISA | Human Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription 1 (STAT1) ELISA Kit | BioReagent | Suitable for quantitative detection of human STAT1 | |
Human p-STAT1 ELISA | Human Solubility Signal Transducer and Activator Of Transcription 1 (p-STAT1) ELISA Kit | BioReagent | Suitable for quantitative detection of human p-STAT1 | |
Mouse STAT1 ELISA | Mouse Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription 1 (STAT1) ELISA Kit | BioReagent | Suitable for quantitative detection of mouse STAT1 | |
Human STAT5A recombinant protein | Recombinant Human STAT5A Protein | Carrier Free,His Tag,≥90%(SDS-PAGE),See COA | Suitable for studies of the STAT5 auxiliary branch | |
STAT5A antibody | Recombinant STAT5A Antibody | KD Validation | Suitable for STAT5A detection | |
STAT5B antibody | Recombinant STAT5B Antibody | KD Validation | Suitable for STAT5B detection | |
STAT5B antibody | Recombinant STAT5b Antibody | ExactAb™, Validated, Recombinant, 0.5 mg/mL | Suitable for STAT5B detection | |
STAT5A antibody | STAT5a Antibody | Carrier Free, ExactAb™, Validated, High Performance, See COA | Suitable for STAT5A detection | |
STAT5A siRNA | STAT5A Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A |
| Suitable for STAT5A gene silencing studies | |
STAT5B siRNA | STAT5B Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A |
| Suitable for STAT5B gene silencing studies | |
Stat5b siRNA | Stat5b Mouse Pre-designed siRNA Set A |
| Suitable for mouse Stat5b gene silencing studies | |
Stat5b siRNA | Stat5b Rat Pre-designed siRNA Set A |
| Suitable for rat Stat5b gene silencing studies | |
STAT5A knockout validation lysate | pLenti-STAT5A-sgRNA |
| Suitable for STAT5A knockout validation and protein detection controls | |
STAT5A knockout validation lysate | pLenti-STAT5A-sgRNA |
| Suitable for STAT5A knockout validation and RNA detection controls | |
STAT5B knockout validation lysate | pLenti-STAT5B-sgRNA |
| Suitable for STAT5B knockout validation and protein detection controls | |
STAT5B knockout validation lysate | pLenti-STAT5B-sgRNA |
| Suitable for STAT5B knockout validation and RNA detection controls | |
STAT5 inhibitor | IQDMA | ≥98% | Suitable for functional inhibition studies of STAT5 | |
STAT5-IN-2 | STAT5-IN-2 | ≥99% | Suitable for STAT5 inhibition studies | |
STAT5-IN-2 | STAT5-IN-2 | 10mM in DMSO | Suitable for STAT5 inhibition experiments | |
Stat5 inhibitor | Stat5 Inhibitor | ≥98% | Suitable for functional blockade studies of STAT5 | |
Stat5 inhibitor | Stat5 Inhibitor | 10mM in DMSO | Suitable for functional blockade experiments of STAT5 | |
Human STAT5B ELISA | Human Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription 5B (STAT5B) ELISA Kit | BioReagent | Suitable for quantitative detection of human STAT5B | |
Mouse STAT5A ELISA | Mouse Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription 5A (STAT5A) ELISA Kit | BioReagent | Suitable for quantitative detection of mouse STAT5A |
The most distinctive feature of the IL-22 pathway is that it is not a self-amplifying immune cell pathway, but rather a barrier-oriented pathway in which immune cells direct tissue cells. Research on this pathway should focus on the correspondence among source cells, tissue receptor expression, the IL-22BP antagonistic layer, and terminal epithelial effects.
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