IL-1β

Inflammasomes are important cytoplasmic signaling complexes of the innate immune system that sense infection, cellular injury, and metabolic abnormalities. They activate inflammatory Caspases, promote the maturation of IL-1β and IL-18, and drive Gasdermin-mediated pyroptosis. Inflammasomes such ...

Pyroptosis is a proinflammatory form of regulated cell death mediated by pore formation by Gasdermin family proteins. This process is generally initiated by inflammasome assembly and inflammatory caspase activation, leading to increased plasma membrane permeability, cellular swelling and ...

Nuclear factor κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, NF-κB) is one of the most important transcriptional regulatory systems by which cells respond to infection, inflammation, and stress stimuli. Its core role is to convert extracellular or intracellular danger ...

In Alzheimer’s disease models, cholinergic detection should not focus only on measuring acetylcholine or acetylcholinesterase separately. The key is to assess the relationship among neurotransmitter levels, enzyme activity changes, cholinergic neuronal injury, and inflammatory responses. When ...