1.1.1.42 Isocitrate dehydrogenases

Isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDH) are a group of enzymes that catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to produce alpha-ketoglutarate and carbon dioxide. The reaction occurs in two steps: first, isocitrate is oxidized to oxalosuccinate, and then oxalosuccinate is decarboxylated to form alpha-ketoglutarate. IDHs are classified into three isoforms: IDH1, IDH2, and IDH3. IDH1 and IDH2 are NADP±dependent enzymes that function in the cytoplasm and mitochondria, respectively. IDH3 is an NAD±dependent enzyme that functions in the mitochondria.